LM SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The following sections describe the ma Lunar Module. systems of the

The Communication Subsystem is made up of redundant 3-band transceivers and power amplifiers, redundant VHF transceivers, and signal processing equipment with associated antenna systems. equipments provide the following capabilities: These

(1) S-band for

transmission of PCM telemetry, TV, voice, emergency key and range data between LM and earth;
(2) VHF for linking LM and Command

Module, and the LM and astronaut of the lunar surface;

(3) VHF

telemetry capability from L to Command Module on the far side of M the moon;
(4) EVA (Extravehicular Astronaut) link to earth via

VHF/S-band relay. PROPULSIOX SYSTEM The L V spacecraft uses separate descent and ascent propulsion systems, each of which is complete and independent of the other. Each consists of a liquid-propellent rocket engine with its propellant, storage, pressurization and feed compments. propulsion The descent

system is contained within the descent stage and uses a

throttleable, gimballed engine that is first fired to inject the LV (more)

spacecraft i n t o t h e descent t r a n s f e r o r b i t .

I t i s t h e n used i n

t t h e f i n a l d e s c e n t t r a j e c t o r y a s a r e t r o r o c k e t ta c ~ n t r o l h e r a t e o f d e s c e n t and t o e n a b l e t h e LM t o hover and move h o r i z o n t a l l y . The a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system i s c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e and u s e s a f i x e d , c o n s t a n t - t h r u s t e n g i n e t o launch t h e a s c e n t s t a g e from t h e l u n a r s u r f a c e and p l a c e it i n t o l u n a r o r b i t . The a s c e n t

e n g i n e can a l s o p r o v i d e any g r o s s o r b i t a d j u s t m e n t s t h a t may be n e c e s s a r y f o r rendezvous w i t h t h e Command S e r v i c e Module (CSM). Both p r o p u l s i o n systems u s e h y p e r g o l i c p r o p e l l a n t s c o n s i s t i n g o f a 50-50 f u e l m i x t u r e o f h y d r a z i n e (N2H4) and unsymmetrical d i m e t h y l h y d r a z i n e (uDMH) w i t h n i t r o g e n t e t r o x i d e (N204) a s t h e oxidizer. The m i x t u r e r a t i o o f o x i d i z e r t o f u e l i s 1.6 t o 1 by I n b o t h s t a g e s , t h e p r o p e l l a n t s a r e f e d from

weight, a t i n j e c t i o n .

t a n k s , w i t h helium a s t h e t a n k p r e s s u r a n t . The d e s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system c o n s i s t s o f t w 3 f u e l and two o x i d i z e r t a n k s w i t h t h e a s s o c i a t e d p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r i z a t i o n and f e e d comp3nents, and a t h r o t t l e a b l e r o c k e t e n g i n e t h a t d e v e l o p s a maximum t h r u s t o f 9710 p3unds and can b e o p e r a t e d a t any p3wer s e t t i n g down t o a minimum t h r u s t o f 105U pounds. b e s h u t down and r e s t a r t e d a s r e ~ u i r e d . The e n g i n e i s mounted i n t h e c e n t e r compartment o f t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e c r u c i f o r m , suspended a t t h e t h r o a t o f t h e combustion chamber o on a gimbal r i n g which i s an i n t e g r a l p ~ r t i o n f t h e e n g i n e assembly. The gimbal r i n g i s p i v o t e d i n t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e s t r u c t u r e a l o n g an (more) The e n g i n e can a l s o

a x i s normal t o t h a t o f t h e engine p i v o t s s o t h a t t h e engine can be gimballed 6 i n any d i r e c t i o n by means of gimbal d r i v e a c t u a t o r s O t o p r o v i d e t r i m c o n t r o l i n t h e p i t c h and r o l l axes d u r i n g powered descent'. The a s c e n t p r o p u l s i o n system u s e s a f i x e d , c o n s t a n t - t h r u s t r o c k e t e n g i n e i n s t a l l e d along t h e c e n t e r l i n e of t h e a s c e n t s t a g e m i d s e c t i o n . and i n c l u d e s t h e a s s o c i a t e d p r o p e l l a n t supply compments. The engine developes 3500 pounds of t h r u s t , i n a vacuum, s u f f i c i e n t ' t o launch t h e a s c e n t s t a g e from t h e l u n a r s u r a f c e and p l a c e it i n t o orbit. Two main p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s a r e used, one f o r f u e l and t h e The t a n k s a r e i n s t a l l e d on e i t h e r s i d e of t h e The p r o p o l l a n t supply s e c t i o n s i n t h i s

other f o r oxidizer.

ascent stage structure.

s y s t e m ' i n c l u d e p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u e l and o x i d i z e r c r o s s f e d t o t h e r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l system a s a backup p r o p e l l a n t supply f o r t h e l a t t e r .

GUIDANCE, NAVIGATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM

The Guidance, Navigation and C o n t r o l (GN&C) system p r o v i d e s t h e measuring and d a t a p r o c e s s i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s and c o n t r o l f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o accomplish l u n a r l a n d i n g and a s c e n t , and rendezvous e and docking w i t h t h e ~ o m m a n d / ~ e r v i cModule (CSM). The GN&C

system comprises two f u n c t i o n a l loops, each of which i s a completely independent guidance and c o n t r o l p a t h . The primary guidance p a t h If a

performs a l l f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o complete t h e LM mission.

major f a i l u r e i n t h e primary guidance p a t h n e c e s s i t a t e s mission a b o r t , t h e a b o r t guidance p a t h performs a l l f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y t o (more)

e f f e c t a s a f e rendezvous w i t h t h e o r b i t i n g CSM.
'

The p r i m a r y g u i d a n c e p a t h comprises a Primary Guidance and

N a v i g a t i o n S e c t i o n (PGNS) and a C o n t r o l E l e c t r o n i c s S e c t i o n (CES). The PGNS i s an a i d e d i n e r t i a l g u i d a n c e s e c t i o n whose p r i n c i p a l a i d s a r e t h e Landing Radar (L!?), t h e Rendezvous R a d a r / ~ r a n s p o n d e r (RR/T), The CES p r o c e s s e s t h e

and t h e Alignment O p t i c a l T e l e s c o p e ( A O T ) .

g u i d a n c e and n a v i g a t i o n d a t a from t h e PGNS and a p p l i e s khem t o t h e d e s c e n t e n g i n e , t h e a s c e n t s n g i n e , and s e l e c t e d RCS jets.

REACTION -

COXTROL SYSTEM

The R e a c t i o n C o n t r o l System (RCS) p r o v i d e s s m a l l r o c k e t t h r u s t i m p u l s e s t o s t a b i l i z e t h e LY d u r i n g d e s c e n t and a s c e n t , and t o

M t c o n t r o l t h e L a t t i t u d e and t r a n s l a t i o n a b ~ u o r a l o n g a l l a x e s

d u r i n g h o v e r , rendezvous, and docking maneuvers.

The RCS c o n s i s t s

b a s i c a l l y o f 1 6 t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s s u p p l i e d by two s e p a r a t e p r o p e l l a n t p r e s s u r i z a t i o n and s u p p l y s e c t i o n s made up of i n d e p e n d e n t s y s t e m s ( A and B ) . parallel,

The 1.6 t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s

a r e m ~ u n t e di n c l u s t e r o f f o u r , t h e c l u s t e r s b s i n g e i u a l l y spaced around t h e L! a s c e n t s t a g e . Each o f t h e c l u s t e r s

is f i t t e d with a

plume d e f l e c t i n g s h i e l d under t h e downward f i r i n g t h r u s t e r s t o p r e v e n t flame impingement on t h e d e s c e n t s t a g e s u r f a c e . The arrangement i s s u c h t h a t t w 3 o f t h e t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s i n each c l . u s t c r a r e mounted p a r a l l e l t o t h e v e h i c l e ' s
X a x i s , f a c i n g i n o p p ~ s i t e i r e c t i o n s (up and down); t h e o t h e r twa d

a r e spaced 90 a p z ~ r t (one f a c i n g t o t h e s i d e , t h e o t h e r f a c i n g (more)

forward o r a f t ) i n a p l a n e normal t o t h e X a x i s .

Two t h r u s t chamber

a s s e m b l i e s i n e a c h c l u s t e r a r e s u p p l i e d by System A ; t h e o t h e r by System B.
ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM

The E l e c t r i c a l Power System (EPS) i n t e r f a c e s w i t h a l l major systems. Primary d-c pswer i s provided by two s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s

i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e , and by f o u r s t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s i n t h e d e s c e n t stage. Primary a-c pswer i s s u p p l i e d by two redundant s o l i d - s t a t e

inverters. The Guidance, N a v i g a t i o n and C o n t r o l System (GN&CS) u s e s d-c pDwer from t h e EPS f o r o p e r a t i o n o f t h e Primary Guidance, N a v i g a t i o n and C o n t r o l S e c t i o n ; t h e Abort Guidance S e c t i o n ; and t h e Computing and Radar S e c t i o n s . The R e a c t i o n C o n t r o l System (RCS) u s e s 28-volt d-c p3wer f o r a c t i v a t i o n o f f u e l and o x i d i z e r v a l v e s t h a t f e e d each o f t h e t h r u s t chamber a s s e m b l i e s ( T C A ' S ) . S h u t o f f and c r o s s f e e d v a l v e s a r e used

t o i n t e r c o n n e c t l i n e s between t h e a s c e n t s t a g e p r o p u l s i o n system and RCS. The Main P r o p u l s i o n System (MPS) u s e s 28-volt d-c power f o r o p e r a t i o n o f s o l e n o i d o p e r a t e d and e l e c t r o e x p l o s i v e v a l v e s t h a t govern t h e flow and combustion o f f u e l and o x i d i z e r r e q u i r e d f o r a s c e n t and d e s c e n t e n g i n e o p e r a t i o n . Primary a-c power i s used f o r

o p e r a t i o n o f t h e d e s c e n t e n g i n e c o n t r o l assembly and t h e gimbal drive actuator. (more)

The Environmental Control System (ECS) uses 28-volt d-c power for activation of IN cabin pressurization and emergency oxygen valves and operation of the primary and secondary glycol coolant pumps that provide thermal stabilization and control of

LM equipnent and environment.

The Communication System (CS) uses EPS d-c power for operation of all CS vo'ice, television and telemetry transmitting and receiving devices, which include the VHF section, the S-Band section transform input EPS power necessary for the operation of the S-Band radiofrequency power amplifiers and modulation equipment. .The Instrumentation System (IS) uses 28-volt d-c power for operation of IS timing equipment and the Caution and Warning Electronics Assembly (CWEA), which processes and routes LM systems status information to various audio and visual indicating devices. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM The Environmental Control System (ECS) interfaces with the Electrical Power System (EPS) and Instrumentation System (IS). controls the atmosphere entering the cabin and Pressure Garment Assemblies (PGs's). It also provides coolant for the batteries, It

Electronic Replaceable Assemblies (ERA'S) and instrumentation. The ECS interfaces with the EPS through the circuit breakers for activation of ECS components and controls and displays. The ECS

interfaces with the IS through the controls and displays panels and (more)

t h e E x p l o s i v e Devices System (EDS) t h r o u g h t h e e x p l o s i v e s e p a r a t i o n s o f u m b i l i c a l s and h a r d l i n e s o f LM d e s c e n t s t a g i n g . EXPLOSIVE DEVICES SYSTEM

t The E x p l o s i v e Devices System (EDS) i n t e r f a c e s w i t h m ~ s o f

t h e LM s y s t e m s . The EDS a i d s i n l a n d i n g g e a r deployment; p r e s s u r -

i z a t i o n o f t h e RCS, d e s c e n t e n g i n e and a s c e n t e n g i n e ; i n t e r r u p t s t h e e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t s d u r i n g s t a g i n g and p r o v i d e s t h e means o f s e p a r a t i n g t h e d e s c e n t and a s c e n t s t a g e , e x p l o s i v e l y , f o r a normal s t a g i n g o p s r a t i o n o r f o r an a b ~ r t . Helium i s used t o p r e s s u r i z e t h e d e s c e n t e n g i n e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k s , a s c e n t e n g i n e p r o p z l l a n t t a n k s and r e a c t i o n c o n t r o l propellant tanks. Helium i s o l a t i o n v a l v e s , a f t e r e x p l o s i v e i n i t i a t i o n

o f t h e s e v a l v e s , p r o v i d e t h 3 helium f o r t h e p r e s s u r i z a t i o n . There a r e t h r e e c i r c u i t i n t e r r u p t e r s i n t h e a s c e n t s t a g e , w i t h two A p ~ l l os t a n d a r d i n i t i a t o r s , which when e x p l o s i v e l y i n i t i a t e d , remove a l l e l e c t r i c a l power f r o n t h e i n t e r s t a g e u m b i l i c a l and p r o v i d e p ~ s i t i v ed e - e n e r g i z a t i o n b e f o r e t h e e l e c t r i c a l u m b i l i c a l i s c u t . INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM Most a l l i n p u t s t o t h e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n system (IS) a r e r o u t e d from s u r r o u n d i n g system s e n s o r s . These s e n s o r s c o n t i n u o u s l y check

system s t a t u s by s e n s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e , v a l v e a c t i o n , p r e s s u r e , s w i t c h p ~ s i t i o n , v o l t a g e , c u r r e n t , w a t e r q u a n t i t y and s t a t e s e p a r a t i o n distance. These s e n s e d d a t a a r e changed i n t o e l e c t r i c a l s i g n a l s

and r o u t e d t o t h e s i g n a l c o n d i t i o n i n g e l e c t r o n i c s assembly (SCEA), (more)

the pulse code modulation and timing equipment assembly (PCMTEA), and to the controls and displays. The SCEA converts all unconditioned

system and transducer signals and events to proper voltage levels required by the? PCMTEA, CWEA and controls and displays. The

preconditioned parallel digital and high level analog data that is routed directly to PCMTEA for sampling is conver-ted to one serial digital output signal for transmission to Manned Space Flight Netw~rk (MSFN) or CSM. Controls and displays also receive

preconditioned data from system sensors and monitor system status with flag indicators or lights.

GAEC