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LESSON 5 - Per Unit of Utility, Transformer, and Cable

This document provides calculations to determine per unit values for various system components, including: 1. A 13.8kV utility system with a 500MVA short circuit apparent power is calculated to have a Zpu of 0.2pu. 2. A 2000kVA transformer with a 5.75% impedance and an X/R ratio of 7 is calculated to have a Zpu of 2.875pu. 3. A 70mm2 copper cable that is 6m long is calculated to have an Rpu of 0.00108pu and an Xpu of 0.00041pu. 4. Induction motors less than 50hp are given a first cycle multiplying factor from

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152 views5 pages

LESSON 5 - Per Unit of Utility, Transformer, and Cable

This document provides calculations to determine per unit values for various system components, including: 1. A 13.8kV utility system with a 500MVA short circuit apparent power is calculated to have a Zpu of 0.2pu. 2. A 2000kVA transformer with a 5.75% impedance and an X/R ratio of 7 is calculated to have a Zpu of 2.875pu. 3. A 70mm2 copper cable that is 6m long is calculated to have an Rpu of 0.00108pu and an Xpu of 0.00041pu. 4. Induction motors less than 50hp are given a first cycle multiplying factor from

Uploaded by

James Ryan Garma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary of Base Values

Utility Source Per Unit calculation


The transformer high voltage side is connected to the 13.8 kV
system. As per IEC 60076-5:2010, the short circuit apparent power
(MVA) is 500 MVA (European practice) shown in Table 1.
A typical value of X/R = 12 from ANSI Standard C37.010.
Table 1 Short Circuit Apparent Power of the System

a. Utility Per Unit Data - 3Φ

Given: MVAsc = 500, X/R = 12


MVAbase 100
Z pu = = =0.2 pu
MVAC sc 500

R pu=Z pu cos ¿

X pu =Z pu sin ¿

Transformer Per Unit calculation

111
The transformer size is 2000 kVA. As per ANSI C-37.010.
From Table 3, the minimum short-circuit impedance percentage for
the above transformer size is 5.75 % and the X/R ratio as per Cast
Coil Type is 7, refer to Table 2.

Table 2 ANSI Standard C-37.010 X/R Ratio Table 8B

Table 3 ANSI Standard C-37.010 X/R Ratio Table 13

( )( )
2
MVA new kV old
Z pu−new =Z pu−old
MVA old kV new

Z pu−new =0.0575 ( )( )
100
2
0.4 2
0.4
=2.875 pu

R pu=Z pu cos ¿

X pu =Z pu sin ¿

112
Cable Per Unit calculation
Cable (C1)
Size : 70 mm2, 15kV, Cu/XLPE/SWA
Length : 6 m @ 1 conductor per phase

R = 0.3420 Ω/km
RT = (0.3420 Ω/km)(0.006km) / 1 = 0.002052 Ω
Rpu = RT / Zb = 0.002052 Ω / 1.9044 Ω = 0.00108 pu
X = 0.13 Ω/km
XT = (0.13 Ω/km)(0.006km) / 1 = 0.00078 Ω
Xpu = XT / Zb = 0.00078 Ω / 1.9044 Ω = 0.00041 pu

Motors First Cycle (Momentary) Calculation


Apply the recommended multiplying factors per IEEE Std.
141-1993, Tables 3.37, for every system component especially for
the group of induction motors rated less than 50hp and more than
50hp but not above 250hp.

113
Table 3.37 First Cycle Sub-Transient Multiplying Factors

Informational Note: IEEE Std.141-1993Section 4.5.4.1, p.131-131

X pu− M 1=( 1.2 x 0.1667 ) ( 100 MVA


0.072 MVA )( )
0.4 2
0.4
=277.833 pu

For X/R = 2.88


Rpu-M1 = 277.833 / 2.88
R pu− M 1 =96.4699 pu

114
115

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