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Exercise 4 - Tissues and Herbaceous Stems Prelab

This document provides an overview of plant tissues and herbaceous stems, describing the three primary plant tissues as simple (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) or complex (dermal, vascular, ground), and how they are organized in herbaceous monocot and eudicot stems, with objectives to recognize tissue types, differentiate simple and complex tissues, label tissues in stems, and describe differences between monocot and eudicot stem structures. Diagrams and descriptions of cell and tissue types such as epidermis, vascular bundles, pith, and meristems are provided.

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74 views16 pages

Exercise 4 - Tissues and Herbaceous Stems Prelab

This document provides an overview of plant tissues and herbaceous stems, describing the three primary plant tissues as simple (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) or complex (dermal, vascular, ground), and how they are organized in herbaceous monocot and eudicot stems, with objectives to recognize tissue types, differentiate simple and complex tissues, label tissues in stems, and describe differences between monocot and eudicot stem structures. Diagrams and descriptions of cell and tissue types such as epidermis, vascular bundles, pith, and meristems are provided.

Uploaded by

施美拉
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Exercise 4

Plant Tissues and


Herbaceous Stems
Department of Biological Sciences
College of Science
Chapter 4.
Plant Tissues and Herbaceous Stems

Objectives:
• Recognize the three primary types of plant
tissues.
• Differentiate between simple and complex,
and identify examples of each.
• Label the tissues in a herbaceous stem.
• Describe the differences between
herbaceous monocot and herbaceous eudicot
stems.
Plant Tissues
• Aggregation of cells coordinated • Simple
to perform a particular function – Parenchyma
or set of functions – Collenchyma
– Sclerenchyma
• Complex
– Dermal (protective covering)
– Vascular (conducting tissue)
– Xylem
– Phloem
– Ground (bulk of plant body)
• Meristematic
– Apical shoot meristem (longitudinal)
– Lateral meristem (girth)
Major Types of Plant Cells

PARENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA


Tissue Organization
Ground Tissues
• Can either be parenchyma,
collenchyma or sclerenchyma
PITH • Depends on the plant structure
involved and its perceived
function

Cortex
cuticle
cell wall Surface Tissues
epidermal cell
• Epidermis
– Epidermal cell
– Cell wall
– Cuticle
– Stomata
– Stomatal pore
– Guard cells
– Trichomes (hairs)
– Gland cells
Guard cell
Trichomes
*outer covering of leaves, flowers, herbaceous stems
and non-woody roots
Surface Tissues
• Periderm
– Phellem
– Cork cambium
– Phelloderm

*outer covering of woody stems and roots


Bundle
Phloem sheathe
Vascular Tissues
• Xylem
– Conducting cells
– Tracheids
– Vessel elements

• Phloem
– Sieve cells
– Sieve tube members

Xylem
Cross section of Non-woody stems

MONOCOT BASAL ANGIOSPERMS AND EUDICOTS


Corn Sunflower
Meristems
– Source of all other tissues

– regions of undifferentiated,
embryonic cells.
• totipotent cells - can develop
into any type of cell
• pluripotent cells - can develop
into many, but not all different
types of cells
• multipotent cells - can develop
into multiple types of cells, but
not as many types as pluripotent
cells
Shoot apical meristem of Plectranthus sp.
Meristems
Primary Meristem = Height
– located at the tips of roots and
shoots

Apical meristems are located in two


different areas of the stems and roots:
– apical buds (at the tips roots and
shoots)
– axillary buds (located in the leaf
axils)
Meristems
Secondary Meristem = Girth
– located in the margins of the stem
and root (vascular and cork
cambium)

Vascular cambium - gives rise to


secondary xylem and phloem

Cork cambium - give rise to the


periderm, which replaces the epidermis
in woody plants.
Guidelines
Materials (to be provided by students): Provided:
• Glass slides • Zea mays (corn) herbaceous monocot stem
• Coverslips • herbaceous eudicot stem
• Scalpel or razor blade • Coleus herbaceous stem tip
• Celery
• Pear
• Tradenscantia zebrina or Rhoeo discolor (bring
enough per cohort)

Instructions:
1. Read the Exercise 4 link provided and coordinate with your groupmates on how you will go
through the activity.
2. Observe and study them accordingly.
3. Share your results with your groupmates and review your answers.
4. Submit your responses in the provided link.

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