MATHEMATICS 10

THIRD QUARTER
WEEK 9

Competencies covered:
Probability of Dependent and
Independent events

Solving Probability problems

Solving Probability
Problems
(Dependent and Independent Events)

Name of Writer: Renante A. Roldan

Designation: SST - II
School: Poctoy National High School
District: Torrijos

Department of Education • Schools Division of Marinduque

 MATHEMATICS 10
Introductory Message
There are problems in daily-life which come into pattern. Problems
that need to be solve in order for life to go on. Each pattern progress
everyday which mind computations is not enough. This module helps
you solve these patterns in order to make valid conclusions and make
good decisions.

What I Need to Know

After going through this module, the students should be able to
demonstrate understanding of the key concepts in identifying
dependent and independent event, differentiating the two events and
solving problems involving probability of events.

What I Know
Let us see how much you learned from the previous lesson. If
you got all the answers right or at least 80% of the right
answer, then you are now ready to proceed to the next
level. Enjoy!!!

Task 1. Recall
The Festival of Talent activities in which the senior class at Poctoy
National High School participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below.
 MATHEMATICS 10
Consider the Venn Diagram above, answer each of the following
questions below;

1. How many seniors participate in drama?

2. How many participates in singing?
3. How many participate in dancing?
4. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the
student participates in singing or drama?
5. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the
student participates only in singing and dancing
6.

Lesson Topic: Solving Problems Involving Probability

(Dependent and Independent Events)

This lesson will focus on the discussion about the problems on

probability, specifically application of the probability of union,
intersection, mutually or not mutually exclusive, as well as dependent
and independent events. Series of activities are given for the mastery
of the concepts. The interconnection of the activities was also
observed.

What’s In
How much do you know about the new lesson? Did you
encounter the topic in your previous mathematics? Can you do
the activity below? I’m sure you can. Don’t worry because you
will be guided in doing the activity. Relax and breathe deeply.
You can do it.

Task 2. Dependent and Independent events

Consider the situations below and answer the questions that follow.
 MATHEMATICS 10
Situation 1: Consider a box that contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls,
and 9 yellow balls. A ball is drawn at random and the color is noted
and then put back inside the box. Then, another ball is drawn at
random. Find the probability that:
a. both are blue.
b. the first is red and the second is yellow.

Situation 2: Consider a box that contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls,

and 9 yellow balls. Suppose that two balls are drawn one after the
other without putting back the first ball. Find the probability that: a.
the first is red and the second is blue. b. both balls are yellow.

Questions:
a. Compare the process of getting the probabilities in each of the
situations above?
b. In situation 1, is the probability of obtaining the second ball
affected by the first ball? What about in situation 2?
c. What conclusion can you make about events happening in the given
situations above? How are these events different?

What’s New

Dependent and independent events

When a coin is tossed and a die is rolled, the event that a coin shows
up head and the event that a die shows up a 5 are independent
events.
Two events are independent if the occurrence of one of the events
gives us no information about whether or not the other event will
occur; that is, the events have no influence on each other. On the
other hand, if A and B are independent events, then the probability of
the two events is defined as;
P (A and B) = P(A) ● P(B)
Example 1. A box contains 4 red marbles, 3 green marbles, and two
blue marbles. One marble is removed from the box and then replace.
 MATHEMATICS 10
Another marble is drawn from the box. What is the probability that
the first marble is blue and the second marble is green?
Solution:
Because the first marble is replaced, the size of the sample space (9)
does not change from the first drawing to the second so the events are
independent.
Taking the probability of the events, we have;
Event A
2
P(blue) =
9
Event B
3
P(green) =
9
P(blue then green) = P (blue) ● P (Green)
2 3 6 2
=
9
● = =
9 81 27

However, When the outcome of one event affects the outcome of

another event, they are dependent events.
Example 2. A box contains 4 red marbles, 3 green marbles, and two
blue marbles. One marble is removed from the box and it is not
replaced. Another marble is drawn from the box. What is the
probability that the first marble is blue and the second marble is
green?
Solution:
Because the first marble is not replaced, the size of the sample space
for the first marble (9) is changed for the second marble so the events
are dependent.
Event A
2
P(blue) =
9
Event B
3
P(green) =
8
 MATHEMATICS 10
2 3 6 1
P(blue and then green) =
9
● 8
= 72
= 12
Example 3. A box contains 10 white marbles and 8 red marbles. What
is the probability of drawing 2 white marbles and 1 red marble in
succession without replacement?
Solution:
10 5
Step 1. First draw white marble; P(white 1) = or
18 9
9
Step 2. Second draw white marble; P(white 2) =
17
8 1
Step 3. Third draw red marble; P(red) = or
16 2
5 9 1 45 15
Therefore: P (white 1, white 2, red) = x x
9 17 2
= 306
or
102

What Is It

Task 3. Which is which

Direction. Identify which of the situations below show dependent or

independent event.

1. A number cube is rolled twice.

2. It is raining outside and the parade is canceled.
3. The first roll of a number cube is 4, and the sum of the first two
roll is 5.
4. Two cards are drawn, one after the other from a deck of cards. The
first card drawn is not replaced.
5. Buying ten lottery tickets and winning the lottery.
6. Winning a card game and running out of bread.
7. Taking an Uber ride and getting a free meal at you favorite
restaurant.
8. Juan’s mp3 playlist has 7 dance tracks and 3 rock tracks. What is
the probability that his player randomly selects a dance track
followed by a rock track?
9. At the Tire Store, 5 out of every 50 tires are defective. If you
purchase 4 tires for your vehicle and they are randomly selected
from a set of 50 newly shipped tires, what is the probability that all
four tires will be defective? (Once chosen, the tires are not
replaced).
 MATHEMATICS 10
10. A bag of beans contains 10 Patani seeds, 6 Kasoy seeds, 7
Cacao seeds, and 5 Langka seeds. What is the probability of
randomly choosing a patani seed, replacing it, randomly choosing
another patani, replacing it, and then randomly choosing a langka
seed?

Task 4. More of Dependent and Independent events

Direction. Read each situation below and answer the questions that
follow.

1. A purse contains four 1-peso coin, five 5-peso coin, and three 10-
peso coin. Two coins are selected without the first selection being
replaced. What is the probability that a 5-peso coin and another 5-
peso coin well be selected?

2. Mr. Postman have 5 birthday cards, 8 wedding cards and 12

Christmas cards in his box. He selects one of the cards at random
and does not return it to the box. What is the probability the he
selects 1 birthday card and one Christmas card?

3. A card is chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then

replaced and a second card is chosen. What is the probability of
choosing a king and an ace?

4. A coin is tossed and a single 6-sided die is rolled. Find the

probability of landing on the tail side of the coin and rolling a 6 on
the die.

5. An urn contains 3 red, 5 green, 2 blue, and 6 yellow marbles. A

marble is chosen at random from an urn. After replacing it, a
second marble was chosen. What is the probability of choosing a
green and then a yellow marble?

What’s More

Task 5. Find Me
 MATHEMATICS 10
Direction. Find the probability and identify if the event is dependent
or independent.

1. Box A contains eight items 5 of which are defective while box B

contains ten items of which 6 are defective. An item is chosen from
each box. Find the probability that both are defective.

2. A basket contains 7 mangos, 5 bananas, 4 oranges, and 5 guavas.

Aliah who is a fruit lover randomly chooses one piece of fruit and
then she eats it, then she picks another piece of fruit. What is the
probability that she chose a banana and then a mango?

3. Ana is a collector of colored pens. She brings it every time she goes
to school. She has 5 black pens, 3 blue pens, and 3 red pens in her
school bag. Ana randomly picks two pens out of his school bag.
What is the probability that Ana chose two blue pens, if she
replaced the first pen back in her bag before choosing a second
pen?

4. A bag contains 6 black marbles, 9 blue marbles, 4 yellow marbles,

and 2 green marbles. A marble is randomly selected, did not
replaced, and a second and third marble is randomly selected. Find
the probability of selecting a black marble, a yellow marble and
then a green marble.

5. A jar contains different sweet fruit-flavored candies, 10 strawberry,

8 tamarind, and 6 guavas. Joan randomly chooses a candy, eats it,
and then randomly chooses another one. What is the probability
that Joan chose a strawberry, and then 2 guavas?

Task 6. Solve!!!
Direction: Find the probability.

1. You flip a coin and then roll a fair six-sided die. The coin lands
heads-up and the die shows an even number.

2. You roll a fair six-sided die twice. The first roll shows a five and
the second roll shows a six.
 MATHEMATICS 10
3. There are eight shirts in your closet, four blue and four green. You
randomly select one to wear on Monday and then a different one on
Tuesday. You wear blue shirts both days.

4. A basket contains five apples and seven peaches. You randomly

select one piece of fruit and eat it. Then you randomly select
another piece of fruit. The first piece of fruit is an apple and the
second piece is a peach, third is an apple and fourth is peach.

What I Have Learned

Basic concepts:

 Dependent events are events in which the result one is

being affected by the other.
 Independent events are events in which the result of one
is being affected by the other.
 The probability of independent events can be defined as; If
A and B are the two events, then the probability can be
written as; P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B)
 The probability of the dependent events can be defined as;
If A and B are the two events then P(A followed by B) =
P(A) x P(B).
 There are lots of problems can be solve in real-life using
probability, be it union, mutually or not mutually event,
and dependent or independent events.

What I Can Do

Task 7. Am I Independent?

A. Determine if events A and B are independent.

2 1 2
1. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(A and B) =
5 5 25
2 1 1
2. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(A and B) =
5 4 25
9 1 27
3. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(A and B) =
20 2 50
3 3 3
4. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(A and B) =
4 10 40
 MATHEMATICS 10

B. Determine whether the scenario involves independent or

dependent events.

1. You flip a coin and then roll a fair six-sided die. The coin lands
heads-up and the die shows a one.

2. A bag contains eight red marbles and four blue marbles. You
randomly pick a marble and then pick a second marble without
returning the marbles to the bag. The first marble is red and the
second marble is blue.

3. A box of chocolates contains five milk chocolates, five dark

chocolates, and five white chocolates. You randomly select and eat
three chocolates. The first piece is milk chocolate, the second is
dark chocolate, and the third is white chocolate.

4. A cooler contains ten bottles of sports drink: four lemon-lime

flavored, three orange flavored, and three fruit-punch flavored.
Three times, you randomly grab a bottle, return the bottle to the
cooler, and then mix up the bottles. The first time, you get a
lemon-lime drink. The second and third times, you get fruit-
punch.

Task 8. What is missing?

Direction. Events A and B are independent. Find the missing

probability.

1 3
1. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(B/A) =?
4 5

9 1
2. P(B) = , P(A/B) = ; P(A) =?
20 5
3 13
3. P(A) = , P(B) = ; P(A and B) =?
10 20

9 9
4. P(B) = , P(A and B) = , P(A) =?
20 100

7 173
5. P(A) = , P(A or B) = , P(B) =?
10 200
 MATHEMATICS 10

Assessment
Direction: Read and analyze the problem carefully, choose the
letter of your answer.
1. A bag contains 3 red cubes, 4 green cubes, and 5 blue
cubes. One cube is taken and replace after taking
another.
A. Independent event
B. Dependent event
2. Which of the following pairs of events is dependent?
A. Rolling a die and rolling it again.
B. Drawing a card from a deck of 52. Replacing the
card and drawing it again.
C. Taking a colored ball from a basket. Without
replacement, drawing another ball.
D. Flipping a coin three times.
3. Spin a spinner numbered 1 to 7, and toss a coin.
What is the probability of getting an odd number on
the spinner and tail on the coin?
3 2
A. C.
14 7
5
B. D. None of the options
14
4. A jar contains 6 red balls, 3 green balls, 5 white balls
and 7 yellow balls. Two balls are chosen from the jar,
with replacement. What is the probability that both
balls chosen are green?
A. 6/441 C. 1/49
B. 2/49 D. None of the options
5. In the scenario above, what is the probability of
choosing a red and then a yellow ball?
A. 2/21 C. 13/63
B. 3/21 D. All of the options
6. Four cards are chosen from a standard deck of 52
playing card with replacement. What is the probability
of choosing 4 hearts in a row?
A. 13/52 C. 1/256
B. 1/16 D. None of the options
7. What is the probability of rolling an even number on
the first roll of a cube and rolling an odd on the
second?
A. 1/8 C. ½
B. ¼ D. 1
8. A box contains all the letters of the word U N D E R S
T A N D. What is the probability of selecting an “N”
 MATHEMATICS 10
first and a “D” after without replacement?
A. 3/50 C. 1/25
B. 1/10 D. 2/5

9. Two fair coins are tossed. What is the probability of

getting at most one head?
A. ¼ C. ¾
B. ½ D. 1

10. A jar contains 4 white chips, 5 purple chips,

and 1 black chip. Chips are selected randomly one at
a time, and are not replaced. What is the probability of
selecting two black chips?
A. 2/5 C. 4/5
B. 1 D. Not possible

Additional Activities

Task 9. Where in the real life?

A. SPINNING A WHEEL. You are playing a game that involves
spinning the wheel shown. Find the probability of spinning
the given colors.
1. red, then blue
2. red, then green
3. yellow, then red
4. green, then yellow
5. blue, then yellow
6. green, then red, then green, then blue
B. DRAWING CARDS Find the probability of drawing the given
cards from a standard 52-card deck (a) with replacement and
(b) without replacement.
1. a heart, then a diamond
2. a jack, then a king
3. a 2, then a face card (K, Q, or J)
4. a face card (K, Q, or J), then a 2
5. an ace, then a 2, then a 3
6. a heart, then a diamond, then another heart

C. GAMES. You are playing a game that involves drawing three

numbers from a hat. There are 25 pieces of paper numbered
1 to 25 in the hat. Each number is replaced after it is drawn.
 MATHEMATICS 10
What is the probability that each number is greater than 20
or less than 4?

Answer Key

Task 3. Which is which

1. Independent 6. Independent
2. Dependent 7. Independent
3. Independent 8. Independent
4. Independent 9. Dependent
5. Dependent 10. Independent

Task 4. More of Dependent and Independent events

1. 5/33
2. 1/10
3. 1/169
4. 1/12
5. 15/28

Task 5. Find Me
1. 3/8
2. 7/84
3. 9/11
4. 2/665
5. 25/1012

Task 6. Solve!!!
1. ¼
2. 1/36
3. 3/14
4. 7/99

Task 7. Am I Independent?

A. 1. Independent
2. Dependent
3. Independent
4. Independent

B. 1. Independent
2. Dependent
3. Dependent
4. Independent
 MATHEMATICS 10
Task 8. What is missing?

1. 12/5
2. 9/4
3. 39/200
4. 1/5

Evaluation
1. A 6. C
2. C 7. B
3. D 8. C
4. A 9. A
5. A 10. D

Task 9. Where in the real life?

A. Spinning a wheel
1. 3/64 4. 5/64
2. 3/64 5. 5/64
3. 15/256 6. 3/1024

B. Drawing Cards

With Replacement Without Replacement

1. 1/16 1. 13/204
2. 1/169 2. 4/663
3. 3/169 3. 4/221
4. 3/169 4. 4/221
5. 1/2197 5. 8/16575
6. 1/64 6. 13/850
 MATHEMATICS 10

References

Callanta, Melvin, Allan Canonigo, Arnaldo Chua, Jerry Cruz, Mirla

Esparrago, Elino Garcia, Aries Marnaye, Fernando Orines,

Rowena Perez and Concepcion Ternida. Mathematics 10

Learner’s Module. 1st ed. Rex Bookstore, Inc., 2015.

Arciaga, Ronald, and Dan Andrew Magcuyao. Statistics and

Probability. 1st ed. JFS Publishing Services, 2016.

Links:

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/

independent-dependent-events

https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/probability-events-

independent.html
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https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-11/probability/10-

probability-02

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/

probability-library/conditional-probability-independence/e/

identifying-dependent-and-independent-events

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Independent

%20and%20Dependent%20Events.pdf

https://www.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/ipe/grade

%207/09/g7_09_04.pdf

https://www.classzone.com/eservices/home/pdf/student/

LA212EAD.pdf
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