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w06 HDTBasMath

This document contains a student worksheet on fractions and decimals. It discusses fraction operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions. It also covers converting fractions to decimals and vice versa. It describes rounding decimal numbers to a specified number of decimal places and explains recurring decimals that come from certain fractional divisions. Examples are provided for fraction operations, decimal calculations and rounding decimals.

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Khaeroni Khaeroni
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92 views3 pages

w06 HDTBasMath

This document contains a student worksheet on fractions and decimals. It discusses fraction operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of fractions. It also covers converting fractions to decimals and vice versa. It describes rounding decimal numbers to a specified number of decimal places and explains recurring decimals that come from certain fractional divisions. Examples are provided for fraction operations, decimal calculations and rounding decimals.

Uploaded by

Khaeroni Khaeroni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents:

#Week 6#
1. Fractions and its operations
*Student’s Worksheet for Basic Mathematics*
2. Decimals and rounding numbers
Chapter 5: Fractions and Decimals

1. Fractions and its operations

A fraction is a part of something. The top number is called numerator and the bottom
number is called denominator:
1
= 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 3, where 1 is numerator and 3 is denominator.
3

There are two types of fractions:


1. Mixed fractions contain a whole number and a fraction part.
2. Improper fractions are ‘top-heavy’ fractions in which the numerator is bigger than the
denominator.
Mixed and improper fractions can have the same value, but they are shown differently (fill
the blank):
Mixed Improper
2 5
1
3 3
4 …
2
7
… 18
5

Conversion between mixed and improper fractions


2
As an example, take 4 . This can be changed to an improper fraction by multiplying the
5
whole number by the fraction denominator and then adding the numerator part. This gives
2 (4×5)+2 22
the new numerator of the top-heavy fraction, So 4 = = .
5 5 5

For changing improper to mixed fractions, simply reverse the process:


15 3
= 15 ÷ 4 = 3 wholes with 3 remainder, so the fraction is 3 .
4 4

Fraction operations
This involves adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions.
Adding and subtracting fractions
If the denominators are the same, then just add or subtract the numerators.
Example 1:
3 2 5 2
(a) + = ⋯ (b) − = ⋯
7 7 9 9

Worksheet_Basic Mathematics Page 1


If the denominators are different, then follow the steps shown in the example below.
Example 2:
2 3 1 2
Find: (a) + (b) −
3 4 15 5

Multiplying fractions
First multiply the numerators together and then multiply the denominators together.
Example 3:
3 4 1 1
Find: (a) × (b) × 2
8 7 3 6

Dividing fractions
First invert the second fraction and then multiply as normal.
Example 4:
2 1 1
Find: (a) ÷ (b) 10 ÷
3 12 2

2. Decimals and Rounding numbers

Decimals numbers are based on powers of ten.


The number 5268 means 5000 + 200 + 60 + 8

The position of the numbers is important. In the example above, we have thousands,
hundreds, tens, and units. What about 5.268? In this case, the decimal point has been used
to show where the units end and fractions begin. The fractions are also expressed in powers
2 6 8
of ten: , , .
10 100 1000

Changing fractions to decimals


All common fractions can be changed to decimals by dividing the numerator by the
2
denominator. For example, = 2 ÷ 5 = 0.4
5

Adding and subtracting decimals


When you add or subtract decimals, you can:
• change them to common fractions and add them.
• place them above each other with decimal points in line and add them normally.
Example: 1) 0.5 + 0.3 = … 2) 0.34 + 0.02 = … 3) 8.64 – 5.6034 = …

Multiplying and dividing decimals


When you multiply or divide decimals, you can:
• change to common fractions and apply the rules you know.
• count the number of decimal places, add them for multiplication, subtract them for division,
work as usual and insert the decimal point when you are done.
Example: 1) 0.4 x 0.3 = … 2) 5.408 x 3.2 = … 3) 1.144 ÷ 0.02 = …

Recurring decimals
You will notice that when you divide by certain numbers, you often get an unending decimal
value. For example, when you divide 8 by 15, you get a result 0.5333333… without end.

Worksheet_Basic Mathematics Page 2


8
Try writing as a decimal yourself. The figure 3 recurs, and we call this a recurring decimal.
15
8
We represent this symbolically by putting a bar over the repeating figure, so = 0.53̅ .
15
2 1
Similarly, = 0.6666666 … which is written as 0. 6̅. If you change to a decimal, you’ll get
3 7
1 5
0.142857142857142857… here 142857 recurs, so = 0. ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
142857. Similarly, =
7 11
0.454545 … = 0. ̅45
̅̅̅

If the division is unending, you can write the answer as a recurring decimal or you can round
it after suitable number of decimal places.

Rounding to decimal place


You could be asked to give an answer rounded to a certain number of decimal places. The
answer is said to be rounded (or corrected) to the number of decimal places.

Here is a method you can use:


Work out the answer to one more place than you need. If the extra number is 5 or more, add
1 to the number before it. If the extra number is less than 5, leave the number before it as it
is.
Example: 1) Write 43.2976 correct to 1 decimal place.
2) Take the same number, 43.2976. This time correct it to 2 decimal places.
3) Write 9.9999 correct to 3 decimal places.
4) Write 0.003527 correct to 3 decimal places.
2
5) Write as decimal, correct to 3 decimal places.
3

Exercise
5 1 1
1) Calculate ( + ), giving your answer as a fraction in its lowest terms.
6 4 8
1
2) a) Write as a decimal, giving the first 20 places.
7
b) Why is this called a recurring decimal?

Worksheet_Basic Mathematics Page 3

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