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Static of Rigid Body

Rigid body mechanics deals with the equilibrium and motion of objects that do not deform under force. It is subdivided into static mechanics, which studies equilibrium of stationary or constantly moving bodies, and dynamics, which studies accelerated motion. Static mechanics can be further divided into the study of rigid bodies at rest or in uniform motion. The document then discusses various systems of units used in mechanics like the International System of Units (SI) and defines common engineering prefixes and characteristics of forces. It concludes by explaining Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.

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64 views3 pages

Static of Rigid Body

Rigid body mechanics deals with the equilibrium and motion of objects that do not deform under force. It is subdivided into static mechanics, which studies equilibrium of stationary or constantly moving bodies, and dynamics, which studies accelerated motion. Static mechanics can be further divided into the study of rigid bodies at rest or in uniform motion. The document then discusses various systems of units used in mechanics like the International System of Units (SI) and defines common engineering prefixes and characteristics of forces. It concludes by explaining Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation.

Uploaded by

Godwin Sarmiento
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Static of Rigid Body Chapter 1: Basic Principle

Mechanics is the area of science concerned with the behavior of physical bodies
when subjected to force or displacement, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their
environment. It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest
or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light. It can also be defined
as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on objects.

This subject is subdivided into three branches:

a. Rigid-Body Mechanics (sub-divided into two areas):


- Static is the study that deals with equilibrium of bodies. It is either at rest or
moving with a constant velocity.
- Dynamics is concerned with accelerated motion of bodies.
b. Deformable-Body mechanics, and
c. Fluid Mechanics

The basic concepts used in mechanics are space, time, mass, and force. In Newtonian
mechanics, space, time, and mass are absolute concepts, independent of each other.

Three well-used Metric System:

International System of Units (SI) – The system of units used by scientist and engineers
around the world is commonly called ‘the metric system” but since 1960 it has been known
officially as the International System of Units (abbreviated as SI, from the French Système
internationale )

Gaussian System – The CGS system goes back to a proposal in 1832 by the German
mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss to base a system of absolute units on the three
fundamental units of length, mass and time. Gauss chose the units of millimeter, milligram
and second. In 1874, it was extended by the British physicists James Clerk Maxwell and
William Thomson with a set of electromagnetic units and the selection of centimeter, gram
and second and the naming of C.G.S.

English System – This units are the historical units of measurement used in England up to
1826 (when they were replaced by Imperial units in 1824 (effective January 1, 1826) by a
Weights and Measures Act, which retained many but not all of the unit names and redefined
many of the definitions. Use of the term "English units" is ambiguous, as it is sometimes
mistakenly used to refer to the Imperial units used in the UK, or to United States customary
units, which retain some unit names of English Units, but has somewhat different
definitions. (The terms imperial units or imperial measurements are used in the UK to refer
to the non-metric system since they were used as a standard throughout the British Empire
and the Commonwealth.)

System of Units
Common Engineering Prefixes

Length Mass Force


1 inch 2.54 cm 1 kg 2.2046 lb. 1N 100,000 dynes
1m 3.28 ft 1 slug 32.2 lb. 1N 0.22 lb f
1 mi 1.6093 km
1 mi 5280 ft
Characteristics of Forces
 Magnitude describes “how much” or “how hard” the force pushes or pulls
 Direction
 Point of Application
 Line of Action is an imaginary line extended indefinitely along the vector in both
directions.

Principle of Transmissibility
It states, “If a force acts at any point on a rigid body, it may also be considered to act at any
other point on its line of action, provided this point is rigidly connected with the body.”

Newton’s Three Law of Motion


First Law or Law of Inertia– Body at rest or uniform motion will continue to be at rest or
uniform motion until and unless a net external force acts on it.
Second Law or Law of Accelerated Motion – It states that the acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the
same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. (𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 )
Third Law or Law of Action – Reaction – It states that there is an equal, opposite, and
collinear reaction for every action.

Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction


Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly
proportion to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them. Two bodies in free space experience a force that is
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance between them. Stated mathematically:

Gm1 m2 Consider an object on the surface of the


F= Earth
r2
GmM GM
Where:
mg= 2
g= 2
r r
F – gravitational force (N)
m – mass of particle/ body (kg) (6 x 10 24)kg F=W = weight of object = mg
r – Radius of Earth (6400 km)
G - gravitational constant (Constant 39) Consider an object at distance “d” above
the surface of the earth.

GM
g=
¿¿
Weight is the gravitational attraction of earth on a body or quantity of mass. Its magnitude
depends upon the elevation at which mass is located.

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