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Amines Notes

The document discusses various topics related to amines including their classification, preparation methods, chemical reactions, and properties. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are classified based on the number of organic groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Common preparation methods include reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, and amides. Amines undergo characteristic chemical reactions like the Hinsberg test, reactions with acids, and reactions to form diazonium salts.

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samay gujrati
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284 views26 pages

Amines Notes

The document discusses various topics related to amines including their classification, preparation methods, chemical reactions, and properties. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are classified based on the number of organic groups attached to the nitrogen atom. Common preparation methods include reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, and amides. Amines undergo characteristic chemical reactions like the Hinsberg test, reactions with acids, and reactions to form diazonium salts.

Uploaded by

samay gujrati
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Live Sahab20

Amines
By Singh Sahab
Amines
• Derivatives of NH3
Classification

Primary Amines(1O) Secondary Amines(2O) Tertiary Amines(3O)


Preparation of Amines
1. Reduction of nitro compounds
2. Reduction of nitriles

LiAlH4

H2/Ni
3. Reduction of amides
4. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis

• Used for the preparation of 1o amines


• But not for aromatic amine
5. Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction

• Preparation of 1o amine
• Reagent- Br2 / NaOH
• Product- Primary Amine

Br2 + NaOH
6. Ammonolysis of alkyl halides

• The process of cleavage of the C–X bond by NH3

NaOH
Further Reactions
Chemical Reaction
1. Carbylamine reaction
• 1o amines => Aliphatic or aromatic
• Reagent- CHCl3
• Product- Isocyanide
2. Hinsberg Test
• Distinguishes- 1o, 2o, 3o Amine
• Reagent- Benzenesulphonyl chloride (C 6H5SO2Cl) (Hinsberg’s reagent)

(a) With primary amine

C6H5SO2Cl
(Hinsberg’s reagent) 1o Amine
(b) With secondary amine

Insoluble in alkali

(c) With Tertiary amines

No reaction.
3. Reaction with nitrous acid

(a) Primary aliphatic amines

Unstable
(b) Aromatic amines
4. Bromination
5. Nitration
6. Sulphonation

Major Product

No Friedal Craft Reaction


7. Basic character of amines

• Amines react with acids to form salts.

Basicity Order- NH3 < CH3 – NH3


Methyl Amines in aqueous solution 2130

(CH3)2NH > CH3 NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3

Ethyl Amines in aqueous solution- 2310

(C2H5)2NH > (C2H5)3N > C2H5NH2 > NH3


Diazonium Salts
Preparation
Chemical Reactions
1. Sandmeyer reaction

HCl

HBr

KCN
2. Gatterman reaction

+ CuCl

+ CuCl
3. Some Other Reactions
4. Coupling Reaction

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