CLASS PRESENTATION ON

COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION

AND
OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION

SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY:-

PROF. MRS TAPATI SAHA SUSRI SUSMITA PRADHAN

ADDITIONAL DEAN MSC. NURSING 1 st YEAR

SUM NURSING COLLEGE

COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION AND OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION
(CBE AND OBE)

INTRODUCTION:-

Do you know what is the meaning of ability ? Normally ability means talent, skill,
or proficiency in a particular area. If a person having talent, skill he/she is relate more to
expertise and experience. These are only possible through education, training, experience. If a
person having talent it can be shown by which characterstics? Its competency by which a
person results in effective and/or performance in the class or working area . Example we are
joined here to study Msc Nursing to achieve our goal. How we will achieve our goal? This
will be happened by our study or by helding examination and after that we will get our
results. So this is the outcome of our study. So today we will discuss about the competency
based education and out come based education.

COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION:- (CBE)

MEANING-

Competency based education is a framework for teaching and assessment of

learning. It is also described as a type of education based on predetermined “competencies”
which focuses on outcomes and real world performance. .

The terms competence, competency and performance although similar have

differences in meaning that may cause confusion.

1.COMPETENCY-

It Focuses on an individuals ability to perform activities related to work, life

skills or learning.

2. COMPETENCE-

It describes actions or skills the person should be able to demonstrate.

Competence is concerned with perceived skills and cannot be directly measures. It refers to
an individual’s capacity to perform job responsibilities.

3. PERFORMANCE-

It relates to specific behaviours that are measurable and can reflect what workers
actually do. Eg. How effective something or someone is at doing a good job.

DEFINITION:-

Competency based education focuses on outcomes of learning. Competency based

education addresses what the learners are expected to do rather than on what they are
expected to learn about.

-Richards and Rodgers

 Competency based education programs are an alternative way for learners to gain
the skills employers what from employes.

Competency based education is defined as an instructional system in which a

performance based learning process is used. The learner demonstrates his/her level of
attainment on subject area.

NEED FOR COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION-

Educational institutions and providers need evidence that anyone who completes a degree or
course has achieved a required level of competency.

Accrediting, regularly and professional groups want assurance that completion of an

educational endeavour indicates competency.

There is greater accountability for the costs and time it takes to complete educational
endeavors and determine if they achieve the expected outcomes.

Employers hire new workers who do not basic competences required for entry level positions.

Employers invest in extensive training programs to address the initial needs of new
employees and the continuing training needs of all employees, especially those complex,
changing work environment.

Regulatory, legal, external standards and quality measures require demonstration of

competence.

Workers need to continue their own personal and professional development to advance their
carriers and make positive contributions to organizations.

LEVEL OF COMPETENCIES:-

JUCEVICIENE and LEPAITE (2005) proposed a multidisciplinary approach to

the conceptualization of competence. They viewed performance as having different
hierarchial levels that require different levels of competence.

LEVEL 1 –

Behaviour competencies relate to operational work performance and have to meet

the demands of the workplace. They have clearly stated constituent parts, consisting of
competencies.

LEVEL 2 -

Added competencies based on behaviour and additional knowledge needed to

improve work.
LEVEL 3 –

Integrated competencies that support change of internal and external working

conditions, knowledge, skills and understanding are integrated in to internal and external
work conditions.

LEVEL 4 -

It compromise of holistic competencies.

COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATION AND NURSING EDUCATION

Competency based education addresses the need to have graduates of nursing and health
related programs prepared for entry level positions in their practice areas.

Educators, employers, students, consumers, and external stakeholder all can contribute to
making this a reality.

Having a clear understanding of competency based education is the first step in making the
decision to implement competency based education. The implementation of competency
based education requires a change in philosophy.

Essential competencies based on current standards and evidence are established. Developing
valid and reliable assessments to demonstrate what graduates know and can do is the key to
assure competence.

ADVANTAGES :-

Participants will achieve competencies required in the performance of their jobs.

Participants build confidence as they succed in mastering specific competencies.

Self-pacing :- Participants can move quickly through material they know or take more time if
they needed it.

Engaging:- One of the strongest outcomes of competency based education is increased

student engagement.

Flexible:- Competency based education are very flexible as their structure depends on
individual learner.

Affordable:- The cost of competency based education varies by institution, programme and
student pace. In many institution the tution depends how long it takes a student to complete a
degree. Many institutions have created competency based education programs precisely as a
strategy to increase learning and to lower the cost of education.

LIMITATIONS:-

Is to recognized that classroom interventions that work in one classroom may not work in
others because students populations differ in how they respond to classroom treatments.
An instructors do not always implement the critical elements of an active learning
intervention.

It ignores the importance of social learning.

There are chances that these learning styles may not fit the preferred approach and style of
many students

OUT COME BASED EDUCATION (OBE)

MEANING-

Outcome based education means clearly focusing and organising everything in

an education system around what is essential for all students to be able to do successfully at
the end of their learning experience.

DEFINITION-

Outcome based education is a process that involves the restructuring of

curriculum, assessment and reporting practices in education to reflect the achievement of
higher order learning and mastery rather than the accumulation of course credits.

- Tucker 2004

Outcome based education is a student centered learning philosophy that focuses

on empirically measuring student performance which is called outcomes. outcome based
education(OBE) contrasts with traditional education which primarily focuses on the resources
that are available to the student which are called inputs.

Outcome based education clearly specifies what students are expected to learn
and arranges the curriculum such that theses intended outcomes are achieved.

- Hrden 2007

Outcome based education is a method of curriculum design and teaching that

focuses on what students can actually do after they are taught. Outcome based education
addresses the key question as:-

 What do you want the students to learn?

 Why do you want them to learn it?
 How can you best help students learn it?
 How will you know what they have learnt?

Towers (1996) listed 4 points to the OBE system that are necessary to make it work.

 What the student is to learn must be clearly identified.

 The students progress is based on demonstrated achievement.
 Multiple instructional and assessment strategies need to be available to
meet the needs of each student.
  Adequate time and assistance need to provided so that each can reach the
maximum potential.

PRINCIPLES- According to SPADY 1994

Clarity of focus- This means that everything teachers do must be clearly focused on what
they want students to know, understand and be able to do. In other words teachers should
focus on helping students to develop the knowledge, skills and personalities that will enable
them to achieve the intended outcomes that have been clearly articulated.

High expectations- It means that teachers should establish high, challenging standards of
performance in order to encourage students to engage deeply in what they are learning.
Helping students to achieve high standards is linked very closely with the idea that successful
learning promotes more successful learning.

Designing down- It means that the curriculum design must start with a clear definition of the
intended outcomes that students are to achieve by the end of the program. Once this has been
done, all instructional decisions are then made to ensure achieve this desired end result.

Expanded opportunities- Teachers must strive to provide expanded opportunities for all
students. This principle is based on the idea that not all learners can learn the same thing in
the same way and in the same time. However most students can achieve high standards if
they are given appropriate opportunities.

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING UNDER OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION

SYSTEMS (4MAJOR STEPS OF PLANNING)

1. DECIDING ON THE OUTCOMES

It is very important to define the outcomes of a program in specific and precise

manner (SPADY AND MARSHALL 1004)

Outcomes are clear, observable demonstrations of student learning that occur after
a significant set of learning experiences. It reflect 3 things.

1. What the student knows

2. What the student can actually do with what he or she knows
3. The students confidence and motivation in carrying out the demonstration . A well
defined outcome will have clearly defined content or concepts and be demonstrated
through a well defined process beginning with a directive or request such as explain,
organize or produce.

Thus most outcomes and standards should be described in terms of 3 dimensions.

CONTENT- simple to complex

CONTEXT- simple to complex

COMPETENCE- low to high

2.DEMONSTRATING OUTCOMES

Expected demonstrations will be defined by setting benchmarks for each level of

the program. Each benchmark is a skill that must be demonstrated by the students .

Unlike the outcomes the list of benchmarks is different in every level of study.
Benchmarks should address and define specifically the goals of the curriculum and determine
ways to assess whether students have reached these goals at that level of study.

3. DECIDING ON CONTENTS AND TEACHING STRATEGIES

One of the most common questions among teachers is what experiences will I need
to provide ?

At the beginning of any class the teachers will delineate expectations and
outcomes to make the students feel like participants in class room decisions. When this is
done the students tend to be more supportive of activities and learning processes taken in all
aspects of the class. There are two general approaches to implementing outcome based
models:-

WHOLE- CLASS models which seeks to bring all learners in a classroom up to high levels
of learning before proceeding further.

FLEXIBLE models which use flexible grouping continuous progress technological

approaches and instructional management.

4.ASSESSMENTS IN OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION

The entire curriculum in outcome based education is driven by assessments that

focus on well defined learning outcomes and not primarily by factors such as what is taught,
how long the student takes to achieve the outcomes on which path the student takes to
achieve their target.

The learning outcomes are set out on a gradation of increasing complexity that
students are expected to master these outcomes sequentially.

ADVANTAGES:-

Promotes high expectations and greater learning for all students. Prepare students for life and
work values, attitudes and beliefs.

Encourages decision making regarding curriculum, teaching methods, school structure and
management at each school or district level.

Provides direction for teaching and learning. Teacher has scope to adopt appropriate
methods.
 Focusing on results outcome based education generates a transparent expectations of the top
results.

LIMITATION:

Outcome based education is that a substantial amount of works is required for the planning,
design and development of a training programme.

Conflict with admission requirements and practices of most colleges and universities which
rely on credit hours and test scores.

Questions of content and knowledge might lack depth and systematically in order to
overcome a number of the weakness of this approach.

CONCLUSION:-

The competency based education approach allows students to advance based on

their ability to master or skill or competency at their own pace regardless environment and
Outcome based education is a powerful education strategy that should be used as a focus for
curriculum planning as a means of making informed discussions about the approaches to
teaching and learning be adopted and as a basis for the assessment of students.