BY KRISHNA GOVIL

International School of Media and

Entertainment Studies (ISOMES)

Affiliated with
Chaudhary Charan Singh University

ASSIGNMENT FILE
SUBJECT: Print Media (Reporting)
Submitted by:
Krishna Govil
BJMC 3rd Semester
Section-B

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1. News is a report about recent happenings in a newspaper, television,

radio or internet. News is something that is not known earlier.
Elements of News
 Proximity
 Prominence
 Timeliness
 Oddity
 Consequence
 Conflict
 Human Interest
 Scandal
 Impact
 Hyperbole

Types of News
 Hard News
 Soft News

Hard News: i) Centred on “What, When, Where and Why”

ii) Hard News covers news on serious crime. E.g. Terror
attacks
iii) Politics
iv) Foreign affairs
Soft News: i) Soft news are news about Entertainment, Human
interest stories and less serious crime.
ii) More on analysis, reasons, background and
interpretation.

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2.
 Depending on the subject
News can be divided into the following parts.
Political news, crime, news, literary cultural news, sports news, law news,
development news, public issue news, educational news, economic news,
health news, advertising news, environmental news, film and television
news, fashion news, sex news, Investigative news
 Depending on the significance of the event
There are two types of news depending on the significance of the event.
Specific news
Wide news
 On the basis of expectation and unpredictability
Diary news
Sensational news
We will take any information as news only when it will contain all the major
elements of the news! .. which is as follows:
Newness
Proximity
Effect
Interest
Useful Information
Confrontation or conflict
Important people
Weirdness
Readership
Policy framework
The editing

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3. News is that part of communication that keeps us informed of changing

events, issues and characters in the world outside. Though it may be
interesting or even entertaining, the foremost value of news is as a utility to
empower the informed. The purpose of journalism is thus to provide citizens
with the information they need to make the best possible decisions about
their lives, their communities, their societies, and their governments.
While the structure of news stories has changed over time, the overall
purpose remains the same. News writing informs and entertains readers and
listeners. News stories give citizens information about events happening
both in their communities and around the world and therefore play an
essential role in shaping their viewpoints and general ideas. We can know
what is happening in a foreign country without traveling there, or develop
an opinion about a public figure without meeting the person.
News is important for a number of reasons within a society. Mainly to
inform the public about events that are around them and may affect
them. News is important as a social gathering space too, hence newspapers
either online or physical place an emphasis on news.

4. A reporter as a professional is known as journalist. He works for various

medium- Print, TV, Radio and now cyber or digital platform. A news reporter
gathers and assembles this information to be relayed to the public.
Newspapers, magazines, television and radio stations rely on news
correspondents to keep their readers, viewers and listeners informed.
News reporters play an active role in gathering information on current events.
A large portion of their day is spent investigating news before sending it in as a
story. Some work as correspondents in offices located far from head office.
They are sent to the places that important events are likely to happen.

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QUALITIES OF A NEWS REPORTER:

 NOSE FOR NEWS
 CURIOSITY, ALERTNESS, IMPARTIALITY
 INTELLIGENCE AND COURAGE
 LANGUAGE EXPERTISE
 HANDLING MEDIA EQUIPMENT
 FAITHFULLNESS AND NEUTRALITY
 KNOWLEDGE OF STRUCTURE AND PRESENTATION
 PATIENCE
RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NEWS REPORTER:
 Analyze and collect information through various modes such as
personal interviews and news briefings to prepare news reports.
 Monitor daily events locally, nationally, internationally and assist others
to gather current events.
 Prepare reports to keep the public informed about daily happenings.
 Coordinate with news editor and fellow reporters to develop story
ideas for report writing.
 Maintain relations with all news sources on daily basis to develop story
ideas and compile appropriate reports.
 Perform research and write international, local and national news.
 Collaborate with news editor to improve story presentation.
 Coordinate with graphics department to obtain visual elements for
each story with appropriate photos or graphics.
5. A news report follows a particular pattern in reporting as well as editing.
i. The Lead: What is the most important news? How can you write it in the
clearest way and make it interesting too?
ii. Elaborate on the Lead: Two, three, four or five paragraphs that explain
support and amplify lead.
iii. Key background and context of event, if needed; information that helps
readers understands more about the news they are reading.
iv. More elaboration of the news, in descending order of importance.

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1. Headline – tells what the story is about

2. Byline – shows who wrote the story
3. Lead – tells the most important facts (5 W’s)
4. Body – contains more information and details
5. Ending – gives something to think about

In general, news stories are organized using the inverted pyramid style, in
which information is presented in descending order of importance. This allows
the audience to read the most crucial details quickly so they can decide
whether to continue or stop reading the story.
It is important to note that some news stories do not strictly follow the
inverted pyramid style, although the lead for a hard news piece always does.
Furthermore, not everyone in the journalism field embraces the style; some
detractors believe it is an unnatural way to engage in storytelling and present
news to the public.

6. The biggest differences between news reporting in these media involve the
nature of detail. The more obvious differences, that newspaper reporting is
written but may include a picture or two, radio reporting is entirely audio and
might include recorded quotes or sound effects, and television is video
enhanced audio that may include actual video of events happening, inform that
level of detail.

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Newspaper reporting tends to be the most detailed, simply because

newspapers aren’t time limited. Not only can people can read at least twice as
fast as people normally talk, but the reader can decide which articles they pay
more or less attention to and how long they will spend reading the newspaper.

With radio and television, by contrast, the listener/viewer has no control over
what stories they will consume or in what order. That’s decided at the
radio/television station or network. One of those decisions is the length of each
story, which generally varies from 20 seconds to a minute. Ten seconds is
roughly 25 words. A minute is 150 words. That includes any audio quotes, so
there really isn’t any room for detail. Television can provide more detail than
radio with video images, but that is often little more than redundancy, so it
isn’t necessary much more detailed.

7. GENERAL REPORTING: Reporting means gathering facts and presenting them

objectively with ail news writing skills. It is an active, creative, long and tough
process of news, gathering, ideas and opinion collection, fact finding in order to
serve the general public by informing them and enabling them to make
judgement of the issues of the time. News is not planted and cultivated in neat
row for efficient harvesting and not necessarily in the tidy news offices. They
are not developed in a vacuum. News is more likely to be found among the
people, institutions, organizations, history etc. By the reporting of short news
stories the reader can receive the information about the citizens, social,
cultural and religious groups. Conducting interview is another part of reporting

SPECIALIZED REPORTING: Specialized Reporting is the way of searching for

in-depth news, while repetitively involves one or other kind of investigation. It
is also called in-depth reporting in other words. This type of reporting tries to
explore a news story that has significant interests in public affairs and related
to the different source.
Specialized reporting should be following by depth and well-planned
investigation using all the resources under the supervisions of news
organization. It is a long run reporting and often time-consuming than other
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kind of reporting. In this reporting reporters might have to face obstacles,

threads and resistance from concerned parties as well.

8. An interview is essentially a structured conversation where one participant

asks questions and the other provides answers. Interview usually takes place
face-to-face and in person but the parties may instead be separated
graphically, as in videoconferencing or interviews. Interviews almost always
involve spoken conversation between two or more parties. In some instances a
"conversation" can happen between two persons who type their questions and
answers. Interviews can be unstructured, free-wheeling and open-ended
conversations without predetermined plan or prearranged questions. One form
of unstructured interview is a focused interview in which the interviewer
consciously and consistently guides the conversation so that the interviewee's
responses do not stray from the main research topic or idea. Face to face
interviewing helps both parties to interact and form a connection, and
understand the other.

9. THE STORY OF AN HOUR

Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was
taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.
It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences; veiled hints
that revealed in half concealing. Her husband's friend Richards was there,
too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when
intelligence of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard's
name leading the list of "killed." He had only taken the time to assure
himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any
less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.
She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a
paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden,
wild abandonment, in her sister's arms. When the storm of grief had spent
itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.

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There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into
this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body
and seemed to reach into her soul.
She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that
were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in
the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a
distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly, and countless
sparrows were twittering in the eaves.
There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds
that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.
She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite
motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a
child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.
She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and
even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose
gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was
not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent
thought.
There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully.
What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But
she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds,
the scents, the color that filled the air.
Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize
this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat
it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would
have been. When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped
her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: "free,
free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went

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from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the
coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.
She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.
A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as
trivial. She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender
hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon
her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long
procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she
opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.
There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live
for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind
persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose
a private will upon a fellow-creature. A kind intention or a cruel intention
made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief
moment of illumination.
And yet she had loved him--sometimes. Often she had not. What did it
matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in the face of this
possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest
impulse of her being!
"Free! Body and soul free!" she kept whispering.
Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,
imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door--you
will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open
the door."
"Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir of
life through that open window.
Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and
summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a

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quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought
with a shudder that life might be long.
She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There
was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a
goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they
descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.
Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard
who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and
umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even
know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at
Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.
When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease--of the joy
that kills.
10. Anything that provides news information for a period of time is said to
be a news source. News sources can be a moving person or still documents.
Such as people who have witnessed the crime would come to the news
source or documents found at the suicide crime spot would be considered
as a news source. There are several news sources such as official
documents, governmental officials, witnesses of the crime scene, the victim
itself etc. News sources are required for the both, the journalists and for the
audiences. Here we are going to discuss the news sources for both.
These are the news sources which are prominent in today’s time:
 Radio
 Television
 Newspapers and Magazines
 Press Release
 Press Notes
 Press Statements

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News sources can provide insights that scholarly sources may not or
that will take a long time to get into scholarly sources. For
instance, news sources are excellent for finding out people's reactions,
opinions, and prevailing attitudes around the time of an event.

END

THANK YOU !

Submitted by:
Krishna Govil
BJMC 3rd Semester
Section-B

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