Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VII – CENTRAL VISAYAS
Schools Division of Cebu Province

MANGYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SELF LEARNING HOME TASK #: 7

Subject: BUSINESS ETHICS & SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Grade: 12 Quarter: 4 Week: 7-8
I. MELC: Generate ways to improve business practices guided by the philosophies, belief system or
Filipino values. (ABM_ESR12-IIIe-h- 2.4)

Name: ________________________________ Section: __________________ Date: ___________

II. Subject Matter: Ways to Improve Business Practices Guided by the Philosophies, Belief System
and Filipino Values

A. Readings/Discussions:

GENERATE WAYS TO IMPROVE BUSINESS PRACTICES GUIDED BY THE PHILOSOPHIES, BELIEF

SYSTEM OR FILIPINO VALUES

Before we can generate ways to improve business practices, let us identify and review first the philosophies,
belief system and Filipino values that we will use as a guide for us to choose which practices should be integrated and
used as one of our best practices within the business organization.

Classical Philosophies

1. Dare to disagree by Socrates – One of the important lessons particularly in business which was given by the great
Socrates was that we must also “dare to disagree” when we see that an organization is going in the wrong path.
Simply walking along with the crowd, doing malpractices that has become already a norm since everyone is
doing it. Socrates made this principle that we must dare to disagree and we must question our higher authorities
when the goal of the organization is not anymore doing its responsibilities according to its mission and vision. That is
what our current business ethics originated as to where we upheld integrity in all our duties and responsibilities.
The foundation of what we now practice as “fairness, accountability and transparency”.
2. Let People Seek Fulfillment by Aristotle – This classical philosophy is one very important aspect that we have in our
current business ethics. He based his ethics on a psychological theory of human nature, insisting that we are
naturally virtuous, rational, social and happiness-seeking. Governments and organizations need to build the best
systems to let humans fulfil their natural drives. In short Aristotle’s philosophy suggests that all employees will work
harder for you and perform better if you give them task which they find meaningful and morally worthwhile. And
employees will also perform better if you treat them good, they will be motivated to work for you. Your employees
will also be more motivated if you give them the opportunity to feed their natural curiosity through learning
opportunities. This could be in a form vocational training, team building and etc.

3. Confucian values by Confucius – This classical philosophy is an important foundation of what our current
business ethics are made. Most of the code of ethics currently used by different organizations still even use these
classical philosophies to promote trustworthy and honesty, compassion to society as well as the environment,
proper business etiquette etc. An example to this, is the current code of ethics for government employees in the
Philippines (Republic Act No. 6713).

Belief System
 1. Christian belief system – this belief system is one of the important foundations in our current business ethics.
Like in the Christian belief system, it has been said that honesty is already practiced in early times based on the
old testament (Prov. 3:32) and which also contains laws and injunctions about the fair treatment of employees,
e.g. Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 25:13-15.

Another best description of belief system applied in business practices which can be seen already in some
companies and even in the government employees is doing a prayer before working in the morning for their own
employees for them to provide a sense of comfort and peace that they may start their day working with positivity and
focus.

2. Buddhism’s “Noble Eightfold Path” – This belief system can be best integrated in business ethics since the
principles behind this belief promotes the avoidance of vices such as greed, envy, hatred and anger. In
Buddhists perspective, all of these vices bring suffering. Thus, the Four Noble truth has been created which charts
the method for attaining the end of suffering, known to Buddhists as the “Noble Eight-fold Path”. Which is a
great philosophy to maintain the employees within the organization and will lead them toward righteousness
and success.

Filipino Values

The Filipino Values System is composed of a set of values that Filipinos considers important, like collective
ideologies, moral ethics, etiquette and cultural and personal values that are promoted by its society. Some Filipino
values can be integrated and promoted in business practices and some should be avoided to prevent problems.
Values that are Integrated In Business Practices

1. Family Orientation - This Filipino value is an important cultural heritage here in the Philippines since we promote a
family centered nation. The Filipino puts a great emphasis on the value of family and being close to one’s family
members. This value can be applied in our busines practices to enable our employees within the organization to
care for our respective families. One good example of this is usually promoted during “family day”, a special day
to offer our employees a time for their respective families. This is also good practices in a business organization
when the whole organization considers every employee as a family since we promote the value of family, all of
the employees are cared for which would make the employees contented feel cared.

2. Filial Piety – An important Filipino value to respect our elders. Since we value family orientation, caring for our
elders is also a distinct feature which can be applied in our business practices to give special care for our
customers particularly elders.

3. Suki System (loyal customers) – This value is rooted primarily when two people who agree to become regular
customer and supplier which can be good in business since we can build trust between to customers and
promotes alliance between companies.

4. Pakikisama/ Pakikipagkapwa Tao (loyalty) – This Filipino value can also be used as one of the business practices
since this promotes good relationship within the business organization.
This Pakikipagkapwa Tao is also a value that is favorable to entrepreneurship because it is against any form
of exploitation of another. Basically, entrepreneurship is a practical translation of one’s pakikipagkapwa tao because the
work is to provide things and services of value to others to improve their standards of living. The entrepreneur that has
pakikipagkapwa tao does not cheat his customers by overpricing or under weighing his goods; nor undercut his competitors
by underpricing or maligning them, nor maltreat his workers by underpaying or overworking them; nor cheat the
government by avoiding or evading taxes. At the same time, other Filipinos who benefit from fruits of the entrepreneur
will give him back his share. Customers pay, competitors play fair, and workers demonstrate malasakit over the business.
If pakikipagkapwa tao developed well, it should promote and uphold the vision of entrepreneur (Aler 2013).
5. Delicadeza (Daintiness) – This Filipino value which denotes proper decorum or strict adherence to what’s right,
moral or ethical, is a value that has been already practiced which also referred to as “professionalism”. It is an
ethical value practiced by employees within the business organization to stay professional at all times. This
Filipino value is very important since conflict of interest and biases are best avoided to adhere what is morally right.
 Values that Should be Avoided in Business Practices

1. Bahala Na (Trust in God)- This Filipino value can be indicated as somewhat important especially in businesses
where owners believe in higher beings and would seek intervention for the business to prosper. However, some
sees it negatively as a form of avoidance of responsibility. It may also cause boil down to laziness as a trait for
entrusting everything to the higher being and neglecting responsibilities in promoting your business activities. Some
may see it as just as an excuse from their personal responsibility. It is like admitting the lack a sense of control, which
means that they do not believe they have the power to control change in their lives.

2. Ningas Cogon (flame blaze/ Combustion) – This Filipino value is one of the worst values that we Filipino have in
which we tend to show enthusiasm over a project or activity in the beginning then lose interest over a period of time.
This Filipino value should be avoided and reiterated to all employees within the business organization to avoid
laziness and continuity of the organizational plan should be promoted.
3. Padrino System (Patronage) – This Filipino value should also be avoided since this has been the source of many
controversies and corruption. Padrino system in business may have a negative effect as dealings and financial
obligations to government such as taxes may be influenced between the business owner and the government
official. Padrino System in the Filipino culture, business industry and politics is the value system where one
gains favor, promotion, exemptions or political appointment through family affiliation (nepotism) or friendship
(cronyism), as opposed to one's merit.

4. Mañana Habit (Procrastination) – This Filipino value should also be avoided as business practices since this habit
has made Filipinos become lazy and less efficient in doing task.

IMPORTANT GUIDELINES IN GENERATING AND IMPROVING BUSINESS PRACTICES GUIDED BY CLASSICAL

PHILOSOPHIES, BELIEF SYSTEM AND FILIPINO VALUES

1. Use business practices that has a positive impact in your business organization which promotes the mission and
vision of the company or the business organization.
2. You can indicate a business policy that avoids the negative practices that can create inefficiency at work.
3. Develop business practices that promotes Corporate social responsibility which caters the good welfare of its
employees and all the stakeholders outside the company.
4. In creating a business policy and business practices, always make it simple and understandable to all employees.
5. Use a Suggestion box. Gathering feedback from employees is very vital for any company to enjoy consistent
improvement and a workplace suggestion box is a great tool for achieving this, especially if it’s an anonymous
one.
6. Be open to changes to adapt in the fast-changing norms of the society.

B. Exercises
ACTIVITY 1: CASE STUDY

A famous manufacturing company provides jobs for many people in Negros Oriental where
employment is not easy to find. The company decided to open up in a small town for the reason that it
could find cheaper workers there and workers tend to be loyal to the company due to the jobs it provides. The
company’s vision is to provide the people on Negros the quality home products to improve the life of each
Negrense. But the town has developed a reputation in which Padrino system and corruption is practiced.
Since the manufacturing company is famous, as one of the leading companies in the field, they will tend
adapt to the current environment and generate ways to improve their current situation using different
business practices.

Requirement:

1. Prepare your best business practices guided by classical philosophies, belief system and Filipino
values as explained in the discussion that can be applicable in the current business situation. Prepare
 at least 5 business practices. (5 points each)

Rubrics for Activity 1:

Rubric: Business Ethics

Above Mastery Mastery of Grade Approaching Novice
Level Standards Mastery

Scoring Criteria 4 3 2 1
Clearly Communicates the Attempts to Does not clearly
Communicates communicates the ethical communicate the communicate the
the ethical ethical scenario/dilemma and ethical ethical
scenario/ scenario/dilemma and emphasizes some scenario/dilemm a scenario/dilemma and
dilemma emphasizes most or all points using pertinent but weakly is missing pertinent
major points using facts and details emphasizes or is facts and details
pertinent facts and missing pertinent facts
details and details

Broad, content Adequate, content Limited content Very limited content

Uses content specific vocabulary is specific vocabulary is specific vocabulary specific vocabulary is
specific used correctly used correctly in some is used during the used during the
vocabulary throughout the entire portions of the presentation. presentation. The
presentation presentation The vocabulary may vocabulary is not used
not be used in the in the correct context
correct context

Researches and Fully researches and Adequately Partially researches Does not research or
identifies addresses all researches and and addresses some minimally researches
company/ company policies addresses most company policies and addresses very few
employee policies that may impact company policies that may impact or none of the
for the business his/her response to the that may impact his/her response to company policies that
scenario his/her response to the the scenario may impact his/her
scenario response to the
scenario
Applies business Fully conveys the Adequately conveys Partially conveys the Minimally conveys or
practices guided ethical decision- the ethical decision- ethical decision- does not convey the
by classical making model used making model used making model used ethical decision-
philosophies, and fully supports the and adequately and partially supports making model used and
belief system and use of this model using supports the use of this the use of this model does not support the use
Filipino Values all facts and details model using most facts using some facts and of this model using most
from the scenario. and details from the facts and details from
details from the scenario the scenario
scenario

Fully justifies his/her Adequately justifies Partially justifies Minimally justifies

Justifies his/her decision and his/her decision and his/her decision and his/her decision and
decision response to the response to the response to the response to the
scenario and fully scenario and scenario and scenario and does not
supports this decision adequately supports adequately supports supports this decision
using all of the this decision using this decision using using details and facts
details and facts most of the details some of the details from the scenario, the
from the scenario, and facts from the and facts from the law, and an ethical
the law, and an scenario, the law, and scenario, the law, decision-making
ethical decision- an ethical decision- and an ethical model
making model making model decision-
making model

C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

 Multiple choice / Essay. Choose the letter of the correct answer and justify your answer with a short
explanation (5 points correct answer and 5 points if correct justification) .

1. The story of Mang Eugenio Ventura, an extraordinary cab driver, went viral in the social media when a
passenger spread the good word about him not rejecting passengers (despite heavy traffic in Metro
Manila) and declining tips and saying that he is already contented with his earnings for the day. Apart from
being honest, he is the jolly type – he just laughs off the congestion on the main roads of the city. He
got featured in an episode of the TV program “Mission Possible”. Which classical philosophy is shown in
the scenario?
A. Dare to disagree by Socrates
B. Let people seek fulfillment by Aristotle
C. Confucian values by Confucius
D. None of these are correct

Justify your answer.

2. Mr. Fabillar millionaire was one’s peasant. When he was young, he experienced what its like to be
poor. Now he is now one of the great persons serving as an inspiration to other entrepreneurs. And one
of his principles and beliefs that amazed the community was his avoidance such vices, such as
greed, envy, hatred and anger, derive from this ignorance and concentrated on his insight and goal
towards righteousness and success. Which belief system does it clearly describe?
A. Islam B. Judaism
C. Buddhism D. Christianity

Justify your answer.

3. Jude is a successful entrepreneur. His deeds in business where focused on making sure that fairness
among his vendors exercise always to all its customers are to avoid future problems. One of his favorite’s
principle is “do unto others as you would have them do unto you.” Which belief system / classical
philosophy does it clearly describe?
A. Christianity B. The Golden Rule
C. Hinduism D. Eight-Fold Path

Justify your answer.

4. The Human Resource Department is conducting an interview for the new applicants for the posted
position in your company. According to your source, the HR Department head is choosing employees
regardless of thecredentials and skills they have as long as the employee is someone close to him. What
Filipino values does the scenario describes?
A. Amor Propio B. Padrino System
C. Manana Habit D. Utang na loob
What business practices should you make to avoid this scenario?

5. In a bank you noticed an old lady came to the counter to withraw her lumpsum pension and approached
the teller silently. And one think you have observed and was amazed how the employees accomodated the old
lady. Starting from the counter to the guards it self and accompanied her till she reached to the pedicab
waiting outside. What Filipino Values is described in the scenario?
A. Family Orientation B. Pakikipag kapwa
C. Pakikisama D. Filial Piety

Would you apply it in your company? Justify your answer.

ESSAY RUBRICS
 Level of General Approach Comprehension

Achievement
Exemplary (5 • Addresses the question. • Demonstrates an accurate and complete
pts quizzes) understanding of the question.
• States a relevant, justifiable
answer. • Backs conclusions with
• Presents arguments in a data and warrants.
logical order. • Uses 2 or more ideas,
examples and/or arguments that support the
answer.
Adequate (3 • Does not address the question explicitly, • Demonstrates accurate but only adequate
pts quizzes) although does so tangentially. understanding of question because does not
• States a relevant and back conclusions with warrants and data.
justifiable answer. • Uses only one idea to
• Presents arguments in a support the answer.
logical order. • Less thorough than above.

Needs • Does not address the • Does not demonstrate accurate understanding
Improvement (2 question. of the question.
pts quizzes) • States no relevant answers. • Does not provide evidence
• Indicates misconceptions. to support their answer to the question.
• Is not clearly or logically
organized.

No answer (0
pts)

References:
Aler, R. 2013. Positive Values of a Filipino Entreprenuer. Retrieved:
https://www.scribd.com/document/156717279/Positive-Values-of-A. [Accessed on November 1,
2020]

Britannica n.d. Norm Definition. Retrieved: https://www.britannica.com/topic/norm-society. [Accessed

on November 2, 2020]

Prepared by:

MELBEN T. RESURRECCION
Teacher II Checked/Inspected by:

GAUDENCIO R. BLANCO JR., EdD

School Head
Address: DepEd Cebu Province, IPHO Bldg,. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telephone no.: 032-2556405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph