1. The standing wave ratio is equal to ___ if the load is properly is a short circuit.

∞
2. For a transmission line with R = 10.4 ohms/meter and an attenuation of 0.00785 neper/m, determine the
distributed conductance of the line. 5.925
3. When does a transmission line have an SWR equal to 1? ZL=Zo
4. Mapua’s Vision Statement Mapua shall be among the best universities in the world
5. Determine the input impedance for a transmission line 1.25 lambda long with a characteristic impedance of 50
𝑍 +𝑗𝑍 tan(𝛽𝐿)
ohms and a load impedance of 30 + j40 ohms. 𝑍𝐼𝑁 = [𝑍𝐿 +𝑗𝑍𝑂 tan(𝛽𝐿)] =∞
𝑂 𝐿

6. Termination means load connected to the output end of a transmission line

9. When a quarter-wave section transmission line is terminated by a short circuit and is connected to an RF source
at the other end, its input impedance is 𝑍𝐼𝑁 = ∞
10. When does an open transmission line look like an open to the source? at quarter-wavelength
11. Power loss due to increased effective resistance of a conductor at microwave frequencies due to skin effect.
Conduction Loss
12. One of Mapua’s mission statement is
The University shall provide a learning environment in order for its students to acquire the attributes that will
make them globally competitive.
The University shall engage in publishable and/or economically viable research, development, and innovation.
The University shall provide state-of-the-art solutions to problems of industries and communities.
13. To couple a coaxial line to a parallel-wire line, it is best to use ____. Balun
14. Determine the characteristic impedance for a given coaxial cable with the following specifications: L =
138 𝐷
0.118mH/m, C = 21 pF/m, d = 0.025 mm, D = 0.15 using a rubber 𝑍𝑂 = log 𝑑 = 7.195
√𝜀𝑟

15. In a transmission line, if the maximum current to minimum current ratio is 2:1, what is the ratio of the maximum
voltage to minimum voltage? 2:1
16. Transmission line must be matched to the load to transfer maximum power to the load
17. The standing wave ratio is equal to _____ if the load is properly matched with the transmission line. 1
18. A transmission line consisting of two insulated wires twisted together. Twisted Pair
19. The input impedance of a T.L. is measured with an impedance bridge and the following readings were obtained:
with load connected to Zin=150.190 – j113.170 ohms, with load and short circuited: Zin = -j555.3 ohms, with
load end open circuited: Zin = j450.2 ohms, determine the characteristic impedance. 500 ohms / 499.99 ohms
20. A coaxial line with an outer diameter of 6mm has a 50 ohms characteristic impedance. If the dielectric constant
of the insulation in 1.60, calculate the inner diameter. 2.089mm
21. What must be the ratio of outer conductor diameter to center conductor diameter, for a 75 ohms Teflon coaxial
transmission line? 6.132 / 6.12
22. Impedance inversion maybe obtained with a quarter-wave line
23. What is the voltage reflection coefficient for 75 ohms line with a terminating impedance of 50 ohms?
𝑍𝐿 − 𝑍𝑂
Γ= = 0.2
𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍𝑂
24. What determines the velocity factor in a transmission line? Dielectrics in the line
25. A 7km lossless line is used to couple the output of the transmitter to a 50 ohms antenna. What is the input
impedance on this line at a distance of 2m from the transmitter if the line has a characteristic impedance of 50
ohms? 50 ohms
26. Distance traveled by a wave in time of one cycle. Wavelength
27. How many 2-MHz wave can be on a 5km transmission line simultaneously 33.33 cycles
28. The minimum voltage of a T.L. with a load of ZL = 100 – j200 ohms is 6.39mV. An input impedance of
44.271<63.435deg ohms at 20MHz was measured 33.75m from the load. Find the value of characteristic
impedance. 100ohms
29. The minimum voltage of a T.L. with a load of ZL = 100 – j200 ohms is 6.39mV. An input impedance of
44.271<63.435deg ohms at 20MHz was measured 33.75m from the load. Find the value of standing wave ratio.

30. What is the effective capacitance of a shorted transmission line 3 lambda/7 long at 25MHz if Zo=54 ohms.

31. What physical length corresponds to a half-wavelength at 500MHz for cable with a propagation velocity of
0.68c? 5.127m
32. A shorted transmission lines less than a quarter-wavelength will exhibit ___ reactance. inductive
33. What is meant by voltage node? voltage minima
34. When does a transmission line terminated in an open-circuit like a short source? quarter wavelength
35. Find the input impedance, in ohms, for a 50- Ω lossless transmission line, 3.5l long, if the load is 20 + j75 Ω.
20 + j75 Ω
36. A wire conductor experiences the following characteristics: a and b
37. A very low-loss coaxial transmission line has 30 pF/ft of distributed capacitance and 75 nH/ft of inductance.
What is its characteristic impedance? 50 ohms
38. The velocity factor of a transmission line is the velocity of the waves on the transmission line divided by the
velocity of light in a vacuum
39. Skin effect describes the tendency of: ac conductors to carry the circuit current on their surface
40. When the SWR is equal to zero, this means ___ r=-1 (not sure)
41. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. Find the inductance on the line if it is operating
at 1MHz with a velocity of 2.4 x 10^8 m/sec
42. What is a short length of transmission line, shorted at one end and attached at the appropriate distance from
the load for the purpose of matching a complex load to the transmission line? stub
43. A 50 ohms short circuited line is 0.1 in length, at a frquency of 500 MHz. What is its equivalent inductive
reactance?
44. Indicate the three types of transmission line energy losses. Radiation, I^2R, And Dielectric Heating
45. A type of transmission line characterized by high radiation loss and is subject to noise pick-up. Two-wire open
lines
46. A transmission line consisting of two conductors that have equal resistance per unit length. balance
47. What must be the ratio of outer conductor diameter to center conductor diameter, for a 75- Ω Teflon coaxial
transmission line? 6.12
48. Find the input impedance of a transmission line 4.3 lambda long when Zo = 100 ohms and ZL= 200-j150 ohms.
49. A type of transmission line consisting of an inner conductor surrounded by, but insulated from an outer
conductor. Coaxial Cable
50. The minimum voltage of a T.L. with a load of ZL = 100 – j200 ohms is 6.39mV. An input impedance of
44.271<63.435deg ohms at 20MHz was measured 33.75m from the load. Find the value of reflection coefficient
magnitude
51. When does a transmission line terminated in a short look like a short to the source? at half-wavelength
52. Using a TDR, a pulse is transmitted down a cable with a velocity factor of 0.7c. The reflected signal is received
1.2microsecond later. How far down the cable is the impairment?
53. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line does not depend upon its Length
54. Indicate the false statement. The SWR on a transmission line is infinity; the line is terminated in Complex
Impedance
55. If two towers of 1100KHz array are separated by 120 degrees, what is the tower separation by feet? 298
56. Transmission line are either balanced or unbalanced with respect to Ground
57. Find the input reactance of a 600 ohms line terminated in an inductive reactance equivalent to 240 ohms when
the line has a length of 0.1(lambda).
58. The input impedance of a T.L. is measured with an impedance bridge and the following readings were obtained:
with load connected to Zin=150.190 – j113.170 ohms, with load and short circuited: Zin = -j555.3 ohms, with
load end open circuited: Zin = j450.2 ohms, determine the length of the line in electrical degrees. -48
In electromagnetic waves, polarization is due to the transverse nature of the waves.

True

False
What is the orientation of the electric field of an antenna relative to the earth’s surface and antenna structure?

Vertical

Horizontal

Polarization

Collimator

What is the FSL in dB at 300MHz between the earth station and a satellite at 37,000 km?

180 dB

237.5 dB

315 dB

173.3 dB

Which region of the ionosphere is mainly responsible for long distance night time communications?

F layer

A layer

E layer

D layer

As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the following can happen to them:

reflection

attenuation

absorption

refraction

A hypothetical, loss less antenna having equal radiation intensity in all direction.

LPDA

Isotropic
 Dipole

Monopole

When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known as

ionospheric reflection

ducting

the Faraday effect

tropospheric scatter

A measure of distribution of radiated power over a given area is called___.

Field Strength

Window

Power Density

Wave attenuation

When the transmitting and receiving antennas are in line-of-sight with each other, the mode of propagation is ___
wave

Surface

Sky

Space

Ground

Indicate which of the following frequencies cannot be used for reliable beyon-the horizon terrestial communications
without repeaters:

20kHz

12GHz

15MHz

900MHz

In ionospheric radio propagation, that frequency capable of penetration just to the layer of maximum ionization with
vertical propagation.

MUF
 critical frequency

LUF

FOT

When waves bend away from straight lines of travel, it is called ___

reflection

diffraction

rarefraction

refraction

Determine the fade margin for the following conditions: D=40km; f=1.8GHz; smooth terrain; humid climate; and a
reliability objective 99.99%.

24.632 dB

26.423dB

31.40dB

27.65dB

Which of the following surfaces has relatively good conductivity?

Jungle

Desert

Sea water

Rocky terrain

A range of microwave frequencies more easily passed by the atmosphere than the others is called a

gyro frequency range

window

critical frequency

resonance in the atmosphere

VHF

LUF

UHF

MUF

During night time, the D-layer in the ionosphere

combine with the E-layer

splits into two layers

exists

disappears

A space that does not interfere with the normal radiation and propagation of waves.

Normal Space

Space Wave

None of the choices

Free Space

Determine the dB gain of a receiving antenna which delivers a microvolt signal to a transmission line over that of an
antenna that delivers a 2 microvolt signal under identical circumstances.

10dB

6dB

8dB

3dB

The standard reference antenna for the directive gain is the

isotropic antenna

infinitisimal dipole

half-wave dipole

elementary doublet
The electric field lies in a plane perpendicular to the earth’s surface.

Elliptical polarization

Vertical Polarization

Horizontal Polarization

Circular Polarization

The major mode of propagation for antenna that are line of sight starts at about what frequency?

3 MHz

15 MHz

30 MHz

1 GHz

A ship-to-ship communications system is plagued by fading. The best solution seems to be the use of

a more directional antenna

a broadband antenna

frequency diversity

space diversity

The skip distance is the ___ distance up to which the ionospheric reflection is possible.

maximum

fluctuating

same

minimum

Gain of the isotropic antenna

10

100

The physical length (distance) of 1 period of an electromagnetic wave, usually measured from one peak to the next.
 Wavelength

Time

Frequency

Period

VLF waves are used for some types of services because

the transmitting antennas are of convenient size

they penetrate the ionosohere easily

they are very realiable

of the low powers required

The first commercial communication satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit on April 6, 1965.

Early Bird

Telstar 1

Explorer 1

Sputnik 1

The critical frequency at a particular time is 12.5 MHz. What is the MUF for a transmitting station if the required
angle of incidence for propagation to a desired destination is 65 o?
25.97MHz

9.97MHz

29.57MHz

26.97MHz

The ground wave eventually disappears, as one moves away from the transmitter, because of

interference from the sky wave

maximum single-hop distance limitations

tilting

loss of line-of-sight conditions

Gain of an isotropic antenna

1 dB
 -1 dB

0 dB

2 dB

A microwave transmitting antenna is 550-ft high. The receiving antenna is 200-ft high. The minimum transmission
distance is

53.2 mi

33.2 mi

20 mi

38.7 mi

The atmospheric absorption of radiowaves depends on

their frequency

the polarization of the waves

their distance from the transmitter

the polarization of the atmosphere

Diffraction of electromagnetic waves

will occur when the waves pass through a large slot

may occur around the edge of a sharp obstacle

arises only with spherical wavefronts

is caused by reflections from the ground

Tropospheric scatter is used with frequencies in the following range:

VHF

VLF

UHF

HF

High-frequency waves are

absorbed by the F2 layer

capable of use for long-distance communicationa on the moon

affected by the solar cycle

In what unit is field intensity measured

mV/m

W/m

/m2

Wave polarization is the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the surface of the earth.

True

False
That portion of the radio frequency spectrum from 0.3 to 3 MHz.

ELF

VHF

UHF

MF

Frequencies in the UHF range normally propagate by means of

space waves

sky waves

ground waves

surface waves

What is the FSL, in dB, between two microwave parabolic antennas 38.0 miles apart operating at 7.0 GHz?

145.6 dB

138.5 dB

135.5 dB

145.1 dB

Tropospheric scatter may be used in what frequency range?

UHF

HF

VLF

A measure of distribution of radiated power over a given area is called___.

Wave attenuation

Field Strength

Power Density

Window

The absorption of radio waves by the atmosphere depends on

their distances from the transmitter

the polarization of the waves

their frequency

the polarization of the atmosphere

The first artificial satellite of the US launched in January 31, 1958.

Molniya 1

Explorer 1

Telstar 1

Sputnik 1

Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they

are polarized at right angle to the direction of propagation

pass into a medium of different dielectric constant

pass through a small slot in a conducting plane

encounter a perfectly conducting surface

Distances near the skip distance should be used for sky-wave propagation

to avoid the Faraday effect

so as not to exceed the critical frequency

to prevent sky-wave and upper ray interference

How high must a receiving antenna be to receive a signal directly from an over-the-horizon transmitter whose
antenna is 30 ft. high? The distance between antennas is 15 mi.

12.6 ft.

13.6 ft.

12 ft.

26.3 ft.

When microwave signals follow the curvature of the earth, this is known as

ionospheric reflection

ducting

the Faraday effect

troposphere scatter

One of the following consist of non-resonant antennas

the rhombic antenna

log-yagi antenna

yagi array

the monopole
It is a measure of how much of the electrical power supplied to an antenna element is converted to electromagnetic
power.

gain

directivity

efficiency

none of the choices

____ elements are antenna conductors not directly connected to the transmission line

Dipole

Driven

Ground

Parasitic

The ratio of the maximum directivity of an antenna to its directivity in a specified rearward direction.

Gain

isolation

Front-to-back ratio

Directivity

What is meant by antenna gain?

The ratio of the signal in the forward direction to the signal in the backward direction

The final amplifier gain minus the transmission line loss (including any phasing lines present)

the numeric ratio relating the radiated signal strength of an antenna to that of another antenna

The ratio of the amount of power produced by the antenna compared to the output power of the transmitter

This is the ratio of the power input to one antenna to the power received by the other antenna, expressed in decibel
(dB).

D. Isolation

A. Front-to-back ratio

B. Gain

C. Directivity
What are the two fields that radiate from any antenna?

Electric and Non-electric

Electric and Magnetic

Electric and Static

Magnetic and Dynamic

The mode at which a waveguide operates is determine by:

shape of the waveguide

length of the waveguide

impedance of the waveguide

method used to couple the signal into the waveguide

It is the figure traced out in time by the instantaneous electric field vector associated with the radiation field
produced by an antenna.

reciprocity

isolation

polarization

pattern

Calculate the power density at a point 50km from an antenna that operates at an input power P IN =100 W, an
efficiency of 55%, and a directivity GD = 23dB.
349.31 W/m2

349.31 nW/m2

349.31 mW/m2

349.31 W/m2

How much more feed-point impedance does a folded dipole have than a normal dipole?

Equal

Twice

Four times

Three times

A horizontal antenna provides a radio wave with _____ polarization

Circular

Elliptical

Vertical

It is a measure of how focused an antenna coverage pattern is in a given direction.

directivity

gain

none of the choices

efficiency

What is the dB gain of an antenna that delivers a 100 μV signal over that of an antenna that delivers 75 μV?

2.5 dB

1.5 dB

2.15 dB

5 dB

Which of the following gives more forward gain?

Boom

Reflector

Coax

Director

A device designed to radiate electromagnetic energy into space.

conductor

transmission lines
top loading

The indices of refraction of the core and cladding of an optical fiber are 1.6 and 1.4, respectively. Calculate the
critical angle.

0.140
 63.240

61.040

65.140

The difference between the power input to and the power reflected from a discontinuity in a transmission circuit.

return loss

pattern

isolation

polarization

A space that does not interfere with the normal radiation and propagation of waves

free space

antenna

transmission lines

wavelength

A type of antenna array consisting of a linear arrangement of simple dipoles fed 90 degrees out of phase and having
a radiation pattern of maximum directivity in the plane of the array.

Log-periodic

Turnstile array

Broadside array

End-fire array

In a waveguide, the TM mode means that the:

magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular to each other

magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

none of the choices

electric field is perpendicular to the direction of wave

The amount of electromagnetic spectrum needed or allocated for a particular communications channel or group of
channels.

none of the choices

field strength

bandwidth

An antenna loading coil is a series inductance used to make the antenna electrically _____

Shorter

Longer

Balance

Neutral

In a waveguide, the TE mode means that the:

magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

none of the choices

magnetic and electric fields are perpendicular to each other

electric field is perpendicular to the direction of wave

It is defined as the -3dB points (relative to the direction with the highest gain) where the intensity falls off by ½
power.

beamwidth

field strength

none of the choices

bandwidth

An antenna ______ is a metal structure that substitute for earth ground

PCB

Array

Loading coil

Counterpoise

Find the suitable ground plane antenna for a frequency of 220MHz.

0.37 m
 0.24 m

0.44 m

0.34 m

A wire antenna consisting of two straight collinear

dipole

approximately a quarter-wave length long.

monopole

conductors of equal length, separated by a small feeding gap, with each conductor

LPDA

Yagi-Uda

A 5GHz signal is to be propagated along a waveguide with a width of 3cm. What is the largest value of m that can
be

m=1

m=2

m=3

accommodated by the waveguide?

m=0

______ is an example of a parasitic array

Log-Periodic

Rhombic Antenna

Yagi-Uda

End-Fire Array

A dipole antenna requires to be feed with 20 kW of power to produce a given signal strength to a
particular distant point. If the addition of a reflector makes the same field strength with an input power of
11 kW. What is the gain in dB obtain by the use of the reflector? (Gain referred to this particular dipole)
4.24

2.6

4.75
 1.61

What is the name of antennas that are grounded at one end?

Harris

Andrews

Marconi

Discone

Find the boom length of a 5 element Yagi-Uda antenna operating at 120 MHz using 0.2λ inter-element spacing.
5m

2m

3m

1m

What is the cut-off wavelength of a 6cm x 3cm waveguide? Assume the dominant mode of operation.

15 cm

12 cm

18 cm

20 cm

A type of antenna capable of transmitting (receiving) a TEM wave polarized in any direction.

Helical Antenna

Discone

Circular Waveguide

Horn Antenna

Determine EIRP for a transmit antenna with a power gain AP = 20 and an input power PIN = 150 W.
3000 W

30 W

3W

300 W

What is the guide wavelength if m = 1 for a 6 cm by 3 cm waveguide with a frequency of 12 GHz?

2.55 cm

4.5 cm

2 cm

This parameter takes into account both the directive property of the antenna, as well as how efficiently it transforms
available input power into radiated power.

Gain

directivity

efficiency

none of the choices

Any one of a class of antennas having a structural geometry such that its impedance and radiation characteristics
repeat periodically as the logarithm of frequency.

Yagi-Uda

monopole

dipole

LPDA

The radiation lobe containing the direction of maximum radiation.

main lobe

back lobe

side lobe

left lobe

What is a disadvantage when using round rather that rectangular waveguide?

Slower propagation

Polarization may rotate

Larger dimension

Higher attenuation

The conditions for matching a transmitter to the antenna are the same as those matching the antenna to a transmitter.
 none the choices

matched

reciprocity

isolation

EIRP stands for _______.

Effective isotropic reflected power

Effective isotropic radiated power

Effective isotropic refracted power

Efficient and ideal radiated power

Find the boom length of a 5 element Yagi-Uda antenna operating at 120 MHz using 0.2 inter-element spacing.
5m

1m

C. 3 m

2m

In a given direction, the relative gain of a transmitting antenna with respect to the maximum directivity of a half-
wave dipole multiplied by the net power accepted by the antenna from the connected transmitter.

Effective radiated power

Isotropic power

None of the choices

Power density

The physical length (distance) of 1 period of an electromagnetic wave, usually measured from one peak to the next.

transmission lines

antenna

free space

wavelength

An antenna having an essentially non-directional pattern in a given plane of the antenna and a directional pattern in
any orthogonal plane.
 helical antenna

dipole

LPDA

omnidirectional antenna

Related to directivity, it is description of an 3-Dimensional shape of the antenna's radiation field.

pattern

polarization

isolation

reciprocity

The impedance presented by an antenna at its terminals.

input impedance

characteristic impedance

antenna reactance

antenna resistance

Find the frequency of operation of a dipole antenna cut to length of 3.4m. (k=0.95)

51.6 MHz

31.9 MHz

55 MHz

41.9MHz

How must elements of a turnstile antenna be fed?

360º out of phase

180º out of phase

90º out of phase

45º out of phase