(For G12)

Schools Division of Parañaque City

Humanities and Social Sciences
Discipline and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences
1st Quarter Week 6
THE PROCESSES & METHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

1.The learners describe the clientele of social work (HUMSS_DIASS 12-
Ig24)
2.The learners distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations
and communities. (HUMSS_DIASS12-Ig-25)
3.The learners explain the roles and functions of social workers (HUMSS_DIASS
12-If-19)
4.The learners illustrate the different processes and methods involved in
undertaking social work (HUMSS_DIASS12-If-27)

Objectives At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. describe clientele of social work,

2. illustrate the different processes and methods involved in undertaking
social work, and
3. propose suggestions on how needs can be effectively addressed.

Let’s Recall :Core Values of Social Work

Directions: Before you start learning this module, try to recall your
previous lesson. Write the five (5) core values of social work. Write answers
on your answer sheet.
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5.________________

The Characteristics of Clientele and Audiences in Social Work

Have you ever volunteered in community programs? Programs that can give services to the
people within the society like Bahay Aruga, medical missions, job fairs and other social work
related programs in your barangay. The type of health information that is most appropriate
and “impactful” will be influenced by the characteristics of your target audience, including

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their gender, ethnicity, culture, age, disability, sexuality, lifestyle, communication needs,
location, health literacy, socio-economic status, beliefs, preferences, health condition, and
coping strategies. You will need to consider the characteristics of your audience, such as
disability, language spoken and health literacy, and the impact of this on how it is most
effective to communicate with them. Some social workers help clients who face a disability
or a life threatening disease or a social problem, such as inadequate housing,
unemployment, or substance abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious
domestic conflicts, sometimes involving child or spousal abuse.

1) The Individual as Client of Social Work It is seen on the transactional relationships

between people and their social environments. During the transactional relationships, you
must learn social work practice methods to restore, maintain and promote social
functioning as it relates to individuals, families, and small groups. Integrates on
multiculturalism, diversity, and social justice issues; You will also examine social work
values and ethics as well as issues of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-
economic status, age, religion and ability as these relate to social work practice; You will
learn how to perform various social work (counselor/clinical social worker, group facilitator,
mediator, and advocate), recognizing that these roles must adhere to social work values
and ethics; You will learn the importance of developing relationships with clients,
colleagues, supervisors, other professionals, and other constituencies; You will learn how
to apply skills such as active listening, empathic responding, critical and creative thinking
in practice.

2) The Group and organization as Client of Social Work Social workers work with a variety
of groups in all settings in which social work is practiced. It means that inside of a group
or people it needs of commonly identity or similarity with each other. It’s like a small group
that working with service, like group of organization or place of employment, or pupils and
student in school set up. Social work applies social sciences such as sociology,
psychology, political science, public health, community development, law and economics
to engage with client systems, conduct assessments and develop interventions to solve
social and personal problems and create social change. Social work practice is often
divided into micro-work which involves working with individuals or small groups; and macro
work which involves working communities and within social policy, to create change on a
larger scale.

3) The Community as Client of Social Work Working with the community requires the
general list practitioner to be able to assess community functioning and design specific
intervention techniques. Community organization has been recognized for many years as
one of the main methods of social work. Community have the largest share because
everyone, individual and families are essentially members of the community. A community
can be powerless sector so that means the social service can free from control or power
of another and empowerment. A group of individuals or families that share certain values,
services, institutions, interests, or geographical proximity. A functional special unit that
meets people’s sustenance needs, helps form collective identities, and patterned social
interaction. Social work may focus on community transformation to cause environmental
change to make it possible and to achieve social well-being or social justice.

THE SETTINGS, PROCESSES, METHODS AND TOOLS IN SOCIAL WORK

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 1. Government setting - in the case of its broad associative definition, government
normally consists of legislature, executive and judiciary. Government setting by
which organizational policies are enforced as well as a mechanism for determining
policy. Social workers are key employees in state and local government agencies.
2. Private Sector Setting- part of the economy, sometimes referred to as the citizen
sector, which is run by private individuals or groups, usually as a means of enterprise
for profit, and is not controlled by the state.
3. Civil Society Setting – is used to collectively refer to the voluntary organizations
corporate bodies, socially active groups, and firms working in each society.
4. School Setting – school social workers play a critical role in schools and
educational settings. Social workers working within school systems provide services
to students to enhance their emotional well-being and improve their academic
performance.
5. Community Setting- a home or a community organization located in the
neighborhood in which a participant in the program under this section. Micro social
work, the social worker engages with individuals or families to solve problem, the
macro social work is the effort to help clients by intervening in large systems.
Examples include lobbying to change a health care law, organizing a state-wide
activist group or advocating for large-scale social policy change.

THE SOCIAL WORK SERVICES, PROCESSES AND METHODS

The social work process comprises a sequence of actions or tasks that draw on all
of the components of practice discussed so far. Although its process is presented sequentially,
it rarely follows a clear linear route and is more often a fluid, circular cycle whereby workers
move from assessment through to implementation and evaluation and back to assessment
again. Despite this fluidity, some parts of the process, such as assessment, have clearly
defined procedures guided by local or national policy. Some tasks may be fairly short and
discrete, but many are longer term and more complex, such as assessments. You will also
find that tasks often overlap and are revisited over a period of involvement with a service user.

The tasks or stages of the social work process are shown in Figure 2 below.
Assessment involves gathering and assessing multidimensional information about the
client’s situation using appropriate social work knowledge and theory with a focus on
strengths-based assessment to develop a plan that involves all the relevant parties and levels.
Deciding on outcomes is a core practice activity for all social workers. They make decisions
about career and professional relationships, about clients and interventions and they must
react to the decisions of others.

Planning requires a solid grasp of different social work methods and an awareness of
feelings, emotional responses and patterns of interaction. Intervention is the act of interfering
with the outcome or course especially of a condition or process, or any interference that would
modify a process or situation. Evaluation in social work is an integral part of social work and
social care provision, for both practice and service delivery. Evaluation can improve
effectiveness and increase accountability and help develop new models of practice and
service delivery.

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 Generally, method implies to a systematic way of doing something. In social
work, method is understood as the systematic and planned way of helping the people.
The main concern of social work is to solve psycho-social problems of individuals, groups
and communities through the conscious application of knowledge in methods, tools,
techniques and skills of social work. In this task, the social worker has to be equipped with
all the necessary methods of social work that ease his work to help the people in solving
their own problems. Social work as a professional practice mainly uses the following
methods while accomplishing its objectives:

1. Social case work. It is a primary method of social work. It deals with individual problems
through a one-to-one relationship which is guided by professional knowledge of the social
case worker. Under this method, the social case worker attempts to repair the impaired
relationship of the client with his social environment and through a guided interaction
he/she enables the client to adapt with his/her social environment.
2. Social group work. Social group work is another primary method of social work. It is a
process in which the individuals in a social group are helped by a professionally qualified
worker, who guides their interaction through planned program activities so that they may
be able to relate themselves with others and find growth opportunities in accordance with
their needs and capacities towards the noble end of individual group and community
development. In this method, the group worker uses the group as a potential tool for
the positive change and personality development of individuals. In group work,
individuals in the group are most important and all program activities revolve around their
needs for development. Through the group work process, they are given help to improve
their relationship and personality traits which may help them to develop themselves and
their community as whole.

3. Community Organization. Community organization as a method of social work is a

process through which efforts are directed towards meeting the community needs by
organizing human and material resources of the community. Identifying problems,
finding resources relevant to their needs, developing and organizing inter-personal and
inter-group relationship, planning and executing effective program activities are some
of the specific activities in community organization method. Organized and collaborative
effort of the members of the community for their own development is the main concern of
this method.

4. Social welfare administration. Social welfare administration is one of the secondary

methods of social work. It refers to a process through which social policy is transformed
into social service. In the other words, it is a process to manage the affairs of social work
or social welfare. Developing programs, mobilizing resources, recruiting and
involving suitable personnel, proper organization, coordination, providing skillful
leadership, supervision and guidance of staff, budgeting and evaluation are some of the
specified activities involved in social welfare administration method.

5. Social work research. Social work research is another important method of social work.
It refers to the systematic and critical inquiry of the questions encountered by social
work professional in the field of application. Through this method, efforts are made to
find answers to the existing and emerging problems of social work so as to make them
use in the practical fields. Social work research like that of other social sciences is
contributing a lot to the store house of its knowledge and helping in the better planning
and implementation of social work programs.

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6. Social action. Social action method of social work is the one that is used to bring about
desirable changes in the defective system for ensuring social progress. Through this
method attempts are made to mobilize people, to create awareness on existing
problems, to organize them and to encourage them to raise their voice against
undesirable practices which hampers their development and finally to create pressure for
bringing about suitable legislation for social progress. This method seeks to relate the
community needs with the solution of the problems mainly through collective initiatives.

Let’s Apply Activity: Your Life Story

Directions: Make some notes of your own life story. as a social worker,
what attracted you most to help other people? Answer the following
questions. Write answers on your answer sheet.
1. What life events, or turning points, do you think might have influenced your
interest in doing social work? (3 sentences)
a. __________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________
2. How do you think your life experiences might shape your relationships with the
recipients? (2 sentences)
a.___________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________

Let’s Analyze Activity: Stop, Think and Analyze

Directions: Take a moment to complete the following activity. For
each statement, if it is accurate, write True, if not , False. Write
answers on your answer sheet.

____________1. The individual as client of social work is learn how to

apply skills such as active listening, empathic responding, contracting, and critical and
creative thinking in practice.
_____________2. You will need to consider the characteristics of your audience, such as
disability, language spoken and health literacy, and the impact of this on how it is most
effective to communicate with them.
_____________3. Community have the largest share because everyone is individual and
families is essentially members of the community.

_____________4. School social workers refer to the voluntary organization’s corporate

bodies, socially active groups, and firms working in each society.
_____________5. Social workers in government setting are employed in private practice
to provide support and care by assessing the needs of the clients and developing plans
to improve their situations.

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 Let’s Create

Goal To create an educational community plan (provide gadgets for the Senior High
School students in the community)
Role You are a Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman in your barangay in Parañaque City.
Audience The target audience are your classmates, teacher, and parents.
Situation The Department of Education has paradigm shifted from the traditional face to face
schooling to the new set up, and the alternative delivery mode of teaching -learning processes
in the New Normal now requires gadgets among SHS students.
Product Created an educational community project. (Provided gadgets to SHS students)
Standard Use the rubrics below for your reference. Highest possible score is ten (10) points.
Guidelines on how to write the process flow on the distribution of educational gadgets

Let’s Try Multiple Choice

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write answers on
your answer sheet.

_____1. Which of the following refers to a type of social work that focuses on
work values and ethics as well as issues of race, ethnicity?
A. Community C. Groups and Organizations
B. Individual D. Global Groups
_____2. Which of the following refers to a type of social work that focuses on group of
individuals or families that share certain values, services institutions, interests, or
geographical proximity?
A. Community C. Groups and Organizations
B. Individual D. Family
_____3. Which of the following refers to a type of social work that focuses on working with
service groups or place of employment, or pupils and student in school set up?
A. Counselors C. Groups and Organizations
B. Individual D. Working Groups
_____4. Which of the following refers to a type of social work setting that consist of micro
practice and macro practice?
A. Civil Society Setting C. Private Setting
B. Community Setting D. School Setting
_____5. Which of the following refers to a type of social work setting works for discharging
several economic, social, cultural, moral and other responsibilities which fall in the domain
of private activities?
A. Civil Society Setting C. Private Setting
B. Community Setting D. School Setting