SCIENCE

A.) WEATHER
Weather is a condition of the earth’s atmosphere. It is because of the interaction of the sun with
the air and waters of the earth.
When we speak of weather, we usually think of having a sunny day, a rainy day, a cloudy day, a
windy day, a stormy day, and in some places, a snowy day. Weather changes from day to day
and within the day.
The weather is constantly changing. This is because of three things: the SUN, the AIR, and the
WATER.
•The sun makes the atmosphere warm.
•Because of the differences in temperature of air masses that are close together, air moves,
producing wind.
Cloud formations serve as indicators of weather conditions for weather forecasts and relied on
to by older folks to predict what happens during the day.Clouds can give you a clue to what the
weather might be like.

CUMULUS CLOUDS
Are towering clouds that are white and fluffy.
They could mean fine weather. But if they
become dark, it can mean that there will be
bad weather.

STRATUS CLOUDS
- form as a layer of thin, light
gray clouds that cover the
whole sky. This could mean
light showers are coming.

CIRRUS CLOUDS - are very thin and look like feathers. If

there are cirrus clouds, you may
experience winds. The clouds from very
high up in the sky are made of tiny ice
crystals
 NIMBUS CLOUDS
These are dark clouds. They may be cumulus or
stratus clouds that have become loaded with tiny particles of
water. They may mean rain or a storm is coming.

B.) HOW DOES WEATHER AFFECT LIVING THINGS

The weather affects everything on Earth- people, plants, animals, and the environment.
 WEATHER and PEOPLE
What we do, what we eat, and what we wear are all affected by the weather.
When we plan our activities for the day, we take the weather into consideration.
Ex: Swimming is often done on a sunny or cloudy day and not on
windy day.
Flying a kite is possible on a windy and cloudy day.
 COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES & WEATHER
* We also consider the weather when we decide what to wear.
Ex: Thin cotton clothes are ideal for summer.
Sweater are almost regularly worn by people in cold places.
A wide-brimmed hat is worn by farmers working under the hot sun.
* We also consider the weather in choosing what food to eat.
 WEATHER and ANIMALS
 * Animals show some unusual behavior under certain conditions
of the environment.
Ex: Some animals like ants come out of their underground homes during floods.
Some birds lose their feathers during warmer weather.
Because of the cold season, some animals go to a warmer country.
This is called migration.
C.) Objects in the Sky
When you look up the sky, you will see the following:
- sun - moon - stars 
- other space objects such as: planets, meteors, meteorites, asteroids, comets.
WE CAN SEE OBJECTS at  DAYTIME and NIGHTTIME SKY
Day  refers to the time when the sun has risen and the surroundings are visible to us.
The sky may be bright and clear, cloudy, or a little dark, which signals possibility of rain.
Night is when the sun has set or hidden itself until that time before it rises again. 
It is when the surroundings are all dark, but not that dark when the moon and the stars can be
seen in the night sky.
SUN - is a star at the center of the Solar System. It is nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma,
radiating the energy mainly as visible light and infrared radiation.
STARS - is a very large ball of bright glowing hot matter in space. They give out heat and light
because they are very hot.
MOON - is the Earth's only satellite. At about one-quarter the diameter of the Earth, it is
the largest natural satellite in the Solar System.
METEOR - is a small body of matter from outer space that enters the Earth's atmosphere,
becoming incandescent as a result of friction and appearing as a streak of light..
ASTEROIDS - are small rocky bodies orbiting the sun. Large numbers of these, ranging in size
from hundreds of miles to several feet across.
COMETS - are small rocky bodies orbiting the sun. Large numbers of these, ranging in size
from hundreds of miles to several feet across.
PLANETS - are celestial bodies that orbit the sun. They are smaller than stars, and they do not
produce light. They are shaped-like slightly squashed ball ( called a spheroid).
D.) SUN
The SUN is the biggest star that gives off heat and light to the surroundings. It consists of hot
plasma and gives a tremendous amount of energy.
The sun is the center of the solar system, with eight planets and other heavenly objects. It is one
of the billions of stars in the galaxy.
Our SUN has different parts :
1. PHOTOSPHERE - It is the visible surface of the sun and this part of the sun is color
YELLOW. It doesn't have a solid surface hence this is a layer of GASSES.
2. SUNSPOT - This is known as a dark patch on our sun's surface.
3. CORE - This is the center of the sun and extremely hot. A star shines because of its core.
4. CORONA - This is the outermost part of the sun. It looks like a crown of bright light
glowing which composed of extremely thin dust and gases too.
5. PROMINENCE - This is the cloudlike structure of the sun. It has large amount of gases,
which looks like a huge flame coming out of the sun.
6. CHROMOSPHERE - It is above the photosphere. This is the thick layer of boiling and
spinning gases. This is viewed as a red rim around the sun.
The heat of the sun greatly benefits the living things in the surroundings. It warms our
surroundings, stir our atmosphere, generates weather patterns, and gives energy to plants;
however, there are also harmful effects to our environment, to humans, plants, and animals.
SOME HARMFUL EFFECTS of the SUN
1. Excessive exposure to sun's heat can cause sunburn.
2. Too much heat can cause headache and nose bleeding.
3. Too much heat of the sun causes plants and trees to wither and die.
4. Long and hit seasons cause climate change manifested in droughts that lead to an alarming
decrease in food production of plants and animals.
5. The sun's heat causes an erratic rise in temperature of the surroundings, causing bad weather
phenomena such as super typhoons, tornadoes, and hurricanes.
To minimize the adverse effects of the Sun's heat, we need to practice safety precautions
like:
- drinking plenty of water - using umbrellas - wearing light material clothes
- wearing sunglasses during sunny days.
E.) MOON
The MOON is the brightest and largest object during the nighttime. It orbits around the planet
and acts as a natural satellite.
There are different phases of the moon.
NEW MOON - the first primary phase and it occurs the moment when the Sun and Moon are
aligned with the Sun and Earth on opposite sides of the Moon.
WAXING CRESCENT - The moon is less than one-half illuminated by the sun, but less than
one quarter illuminated.
FIRST QUARTER - the second primary moon phase and it is defined as the moment the
Moon of its orbit around the Earth.
WAXING GIBBOUS - the second intermediate phase. Waxing means that it is getting bigger.
Gibbous refers to the shape, which is larger than the semicircle shape of the Moon at first
quarter, but smaller than a full circle.
FULL MOON - appears in the night sky when the Sun and the Moon are aligned on opposite
sides of Earth.
WANING GIBBOUS - is the next intermediate Moon phase. The portion of the visiblehalf of
the Moon illuminated decreases during this period.
LAST QUARTER - also known as the THIRD QUARTER Moon. It occurs the moment the
opposite half of the Moon is illuminated composed of the First Quarter Moon.
WANING CRESCENT - the Sun illuminates less than half of the visible part of the Moon
during this Moon phase and you can sometimes see earthshine on the rest of the Moon towards
the end.
 

There are 8 planets revolving around the sun.

Planets are divided into two categories based on their composition:
1. TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
- includes MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH and MARS - They are made of rocky materials.
- Their surfaces are solid. - They have very few or no moon.
- They don't have ring systems. - They are relatively small.
2. JOVIAN
- includes Jupiter, Saturn (Gas Giants), Uranus, and Neptune (Iced Giants)
- They have multiple moons. - They have support ring systems.
- They orbit far from the sun.
- They have no solid surfaces and are essentially large balls of gas composed primarily of
hydrogen and helium.
- They are much larger than the terrestrial planets.
THE EIGHT PLANETS
MERCURY - the smallest planet and has the shortest orbit in the solar system.
VENUS - the second planet from the Sun and our closest planetary neighbor. It is the hottest
planet in the solar system.
EARTH - the third planet from the Sun and only astronomical object known to harbor life. It is
a rocky, terrestrial planet. It has a solid and active surface with mountains, valleys, canyons,
plains, and other landforms.
MARS - the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System. It is
a dusty, cold, dessert world with very thin atmosphere. It is known as the RED planet.
JUPITER - the fifth and the largest planet in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass two
and a half times that of all the other planets. It has 79 moons.
SATURN - is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in our solar system.
Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. It is not the
only planet to have rings—made of chunks of ice and rock—but none are as spectacular or as
complicated as Saturn's.
URANUS - the seventh planet from the Sun with the third largest diameter in our solar system,
Uranus is very cold and windy. The ice giant is surrounded by 13 faint rings and 27 small
moons as it rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plane of its orbit.
NEPTUNE - is the eighth and farthest-known Solar planet from the Sun. In the Solar System,
it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant
planet. It is 17 times the mass of Earth, slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus.