CHAPTER

2 Computation Operations

Learning objectives
2.1 Addition 2.2 Subtraction
2.3 Addition and Subtraction together 2.4 Multiplication
2.5 Division

2.1 ADDITION
Addition means two or more quantities are counted together to obtain a single quantity. The total of
two or more quantities (addends) together is called their sum.

There are 5 boys and 3 girls at the ticket counter. Olympiad Bite
The total number of children at the ticket counter is
There are many words that mean addition.
5 + 3 = 8
Sum  Plus
Addend Addend Sum Increase   More than
Addition of 4-digit Numbers (Without Total
Regrouping)
To add the 4-digit numbers 4351 and 1234, we will follow the below steps : Th H T O
Step 1 : Arrange the digits in the specific place value column. Addend 4 3 5 1
Step 2 : Starting from the ones, add ones followed by tens, hundreds Addend
+ 1 2 3 4
and then thousands. Sum 5 5 8 5

Addition of 4-digit Numbers (With Regrouping)

To add 4-digit numbers 5318 and 3869, first arrange the numbers in the columns of thousands, hundreds,
tens and ones, then follow the below steps :
1
Step 1 : Add the Ones
Th H T O
8 ones + 9 ones = 17 ones  Addend 5 3 1 8
= 1 ten + 7 ones Addend + 3 8 6 9
Step 2 : Write 7 in ones column and carry 1 ten to the tens column. 7
Step 3 : Add the Tens 1
Th H T O
1 ten + 6 tens + 1 ten (carried over) = 8 tens
5 3 1 8

+ 3 8 6 9 1
Step 4 : Add the Hundreds 8 7 Th H T O
3 hundreds + 8 hundreds = 11 hundreds 5 3 1 8

+ 3 8 6 9
= 1 thousand + 1 hundred 1 8 7
Write 1 in hundreds column and carry 1 thousand to the thousands column.
Step 5 : Add the Thousands 
1
5 thousands + 3 thousands + 1 thousand (carried over) = 9 thousand Th H T O
5 3 1 8

+ 3 8 6 9
Sum 9 1 8 7
Properties of Addition
h When two or more numbers (addends) are added, the sum is always greater than the numbers
being added.
2163 + 3247 = 5410
Here 2163 (addend) < 5410 (sum) and 3247 (addend) < 5410 (sum)
h Order property of addition:
Changing the order of numbers, does not change the sum.
2345 + 4163 = 4163 + 2345
h Adding Zero:
Adding zero to the number gives the number itself.
5469 + 0 = 5469

SELF TEST - 1
1. Find the value of x in the given addition. (A) 0 (B) 7384
2 1 6 5 (C) 7385 (D) 7383
+ x 4 5 9 4. Which of the following is same as 9863 + 2357?
(A) 9683 + 2357

7 6 2 4 (B) 2357 + 9863
(A) 5 (B) 8 (C) 9863 + 2537
(C) 2 (D) 1 (D) 9683 + 2735
2. The sum of 1481 and 3214 is _________. 5. Addition of two numbers is ______ than both
(A) Four thousand six hundred ninety the numbers.
(B) Four thousand ninety five (A) Always less
(C) Four thousand six hundred ninety five (B) Always greater
(D) Four thousand nine hundred five (C) Sometimes less and sometimes greater
3. The value of 7384 + 0 is ________. (D) Cannot say
2.2 SUBTRACTION
Olympiad Bite
Subtraction means when you take away objects from
a group and then count how many are left. When we There are many words that mean subtraction.
subtract a smaller number (subtrahend) from a larger Difference  Minus
number (minuend), the result obtained is called the Take away   Less than
difference. Spend  Remove
For example,

8 – 5 = 3

Minuend Subtrahend Difference

Subtraction of 4-digit Numbers (Without Regrouping) Th H T O

To subtract the 4-digit number 2142 from 8265, we will follow Minuend 8 2 6 5
the below steps : Subtrahend
– 2 1 4 2
Difference 6 1 2 3
Step 1 : Arrange the digits in the specific place value column.
Step 2 : Starting from the ones, subtract ones, followed by tens, hundreds and thousands.

Subtraction of 4-digit Numbers (With Regrouping)

To subtract the number 7191 from 9312, we first arrange them in the columns of ones, tens, hundreds
and thousands and then follow the below steps :
Step 1 : Subtract the Ones Th H T O
9 3 1 2
2 ones – 1 ones = 1 ones
– 7 1 9 1
1
2 11
Step 2 : Subtract the Tens Th H T O
9 3 1 2
Since 1 is smaller than 9, regroup hundreds and tens as 3 hundred

– 7 1 9 1
1 ones = 2 hundreds 11 ones 2 1
So, 11 tens – 9 tens = 2 tens

2 11
Step 3 : Subtract the Hundreds Th H T O
9 3 1 2
2 hundreds – 1 hundred = 1 hundred

– 7 1 9 1
1 2 1
2 11
Th H T O
Step 4 : Subtract the Thousands 9 3 1 2
9 thousands – 7 thousands = 2 thousands
– 7 1 9 1
2 1 2 1
Properties of Subtraction
h When we subtract two numbers, the difference is always less than the minuend.
3245 – 2015 = 1230
Here, 1230 (difference) < 3245 (minuend)
h Subtracting Zero:
Subtracting zero from the number does not change the number.
5161 – 0 = 5161
h Difference of Same Numbers:
When minuend is equal to subtrahend, the difference is zero.
3215 – 3215 = 0.

SELF TEST - 2
1. On subtracting 1234 from 9453, the digit _____ (A) 2996 (B) 2969
is at the hundreds place in the answer obtained. (C) 2900 (D) 3996
(A) 1 (B) 2 4. Priya climbed 420 steps out of 515. How many
(C) 4 (D) 9 more steps she has to climb to reach on the top?
2. The value of (A) 84 (B) 90
(C) 95 (D) 97
5. When 0 is subtracted from a number the
– = _____.
difference is ________.
Th H T O Th H T O (A) 0
(A) 227 ones (B) 227 tens (B) The number itself
(C) 22 tens (D) 227 hundreds (C) More than the subtrahend
3. How much is 4501 less than 7497? (D) Less than the subtrahend

2.3 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION TOGETHER

To solve the problem having addition and subtraction together, we follow the steps:
6245 + 2352 – 1468

8597 – 1468

7129

Checking Subtraction
For each addition fact, we get two subtraction facts.
5462 + 2412 = 7874

7874 – 2412 = 5462 and 7874 – 5462 = 2412

After performing the subtraction, we can check the answer by addition.
For example : Subtract 3248 from 8253 and check the answer.
4 13
8 2 5 3

– 3 2 4 8
5 0 0 5
Checking the answer:
1

3 2 4 8

+
5 0 0 5

8 2 5 3
Answer is same as minuend.

SELF TEST - 3
1. Solve : 6245 + 2318 – 1045
4. Karan had 7520 . He gave 1765 to
(A) 7214 (B) 7518
(C) 6324 (D) 6590
2. When we subtract the sum of 200 and 845 poor children and donated 2978 books to a
from 1500, the result is _____. library. How many books is left with him?
(A) 455 (B) 505 (A) 4325 (B) 2777
(C) 400 (D) 630 (C) 3210 (D) 1298
3. The difference between 9245 and 820 is ______ 5. What should be subtracted from the sum of
the sum of 6245 and 3104. 3210 and 4200 to make it 1295?
(A) Greater than (B) Less than (A) 3410 (B) 2490
(C) Equal to (D) Can’t be determined (C) 6115 (D) 4592

2.4 MULTIPLICATION
Multiplication means adding equal groups together. It is also called the process of repeated addition.

+ +

3 + 3 + 3 = 9 or 3 × 3 = 9
Addition Fact Multiplication Fact

Factors and Product

When two numbers are multiplied together, the result obtained is called the product. The numbers
multiplied are called factors.
For example: 5 × 3 = 15 Product

Factor
Factor
Properties of Multiplication
h Order of multiplication:
The product of any numbers in any order is same.
6×9=9×6
h Multiplied by zero:
Any number if multiplied by 0, gives the product 0.
25 × 0 = 0
h Multiplied by 1:
Any number if multiplied by 1, gives the number itself.
12 × 1 = 12

Multiplication without Regrouping

h Multiplication of a 2-digit/3-digit/4-digit number
(1) By 1-digit number
On multiplying a 2-digit/3-digit/ 4-digit number by 1-digit number, we first multiply the ones
digit, followed by tens, hundreds and thousands digits.
For example:
T O H T O Th H T O
5 3 5 1 2 1 0 2 1
× 3 × 2
× 3
15 9 10 2 4 3 0 6 3
(2) By 2-digit number
On multiplying a 2-digit number by a 2-digit number, we follow the below steps :
Multiply 42 by 12
Step 1 : Arrange the digits in specified columns. T O
4 2
× 1 2
H T O
Step 2 : Multiply the number by ones digit i.e., 2, 
4 2
42 × 2 ones = 84 ones
× 1 2
and write 84 in the first row 8 4 Row 1

Step 3 : Multiply the number by the tens digit i.e., 10 H T O

42 × 1 tens = 42 tens = 420 4 2
× 1 2
and write 420 in the second row.
8 4 Row 1
4 2 0 Row 2
H T O
Step 4 : Add first and second rows.
4 2
84 + 420 = 504 × 1 2
So, 42 × 12 = 504 8 4
+ 4 2 0
5 0 4
 For example: T O H T O Th H T O
2 4 3 2 1 4 2 1 1
× 1 2 × 1 3 × 2 3
4 8 9 6 3 1 2 6 3 3
+ 2 4 0 + 3 2 1 0 + 8 4 2 2 0
2 8 8 4 1 7 3 9 6 8 5 3

Multiplication with Regrouping

h Multiplicationof a 2-digit/3-digit/4-digit number
(1) By 1-digit number
On multiplying 2-digit number by 1-digit number with regrouping we follow the below steps :
Multiply 32 by 6
Step 1 : Arrange the digit in specific columns. T O
3 2
× 6
1
Step 2 : Multiply the ones digit and regroup. T O
2 × 6 = 12 ones = 1 tens 2 ones 3 2
× 6
Write 2 in ones column and carry 1 to the tens column. 2

Step 3 : Multiply tens digit and add the carry over. 1

T O
3 × 6 = 18 tens
3 2
and 18 tens + 1 tens (carry over) = 19 tens × 6
1 9 2
For example:
1 1 2 1
H T O Th H T O
3 2 1 4 1 3 2
× 7 × 8
2 2 4 7 3 3 0 5 6
(2) By 2-digit number
On multiplying 2-digit number by 2-digit number with regrouping we follow the below steps :
Multiply 92 by 36
Step 1 : Arrange the digits in specified columns. T O
9 2
× 3 6
Step 2 : Multiply the number by the ones digit i.e., 6  T O

9 2
92 × 6 ones = 552 ones
× 3 6
and write 552 in the first row 5 5 2 Row 1

Step 3 : Multiply the number by the tens digit i.e., 30 T O

92 × 3 tens = 276 tens = 2760 9 2
× 3 6
and write 2760 in the second row.
5 5 2 Row 1
2 7 6 0 Row 2
 Step 4 : Add both the rows. T O
9 2 Olympiad Bite
552 + 2760 = 3312
× 3 6 When a number is multiplied by 10,
So, 92 × 36 = 3312 5 5 2 20, 30, ..., 90, we multiply the given
+ 2 7 6 0 number by 1, 2, 3, ...., 9 respectively
3 3 1 2 and place one zero to the right of the
For example : product.
T O H T O Th H T O To multiply a given number by 100, 200,
3 8 1 4 9 2 3 6 9 300, ..., 900. We multiply the number
× 1 2 × 2 5 × 3 4 by 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 respectively and place
7 6 7 4 5 9 4 7 6 two zeroes to the right of the product.
+ 3 8 0 + 2 9 8 0 + 7 1 0 7 0
4 5 6 3 7 2 5 8 0 5 4 6

SELF TEST - 4
1. 400 × 5 = ________. 3. Fill in the blank.
(A) 80 545 × 13 = 13 × _______
(B) 900 (A) 343 (B) 545
(C) 2000 (C) 505 (D) 430
(D) 400 4. 800 × 0 = _______.
2. What is the missing number in the box given (A) 800 (B) 8000
below? (C) 0 (D) 100
7 × 6 = 42 5. If 3 children can sit on one bench, then how
17 × 6 = 42 + many children can sit on 45 such benches?
(A) 6 (B) 60 (A) 90 (B) 105
(C) 50 (D) 30 (C) 135 (D) 125

2.5 DIVISION
Division means equal sharing and equal grouping. It is also called the process of repeated subtraction.

Division By Equal Grouping

A teacher has 20 pens. She want to put the equal pens in 5 pen holders, then number of pens in each
pen holder is 4.

20 Pens 5 groups of 4 pens each

Division by Repeated Subtraction
Since, total number of pens are 20 and we have to put them in 5 pen holders, So we subtract 5 repeatedly
from 20 till we get 0.
Step 1 : 2 0 Number of pens
– 5 Number of pen holders
1 5
Step 2 : – 5
1 0
Step 3 : – 5
5
Step 4 : – 5
0
Since, we can subtract 5 from 20, four times. So, each pen holder has 4 pens.
Hence, 20 ÷ 5 = 4

Dividend Divisor Quotient

Relationship Between Multiplication and Division
Division is the inverse of multiplication. Knowledge of division depends upon the knowledge of
multiplication.
For example,
3 times 7 is 21 can be written as 3 × 7 = 21.
Now, if 21 is divided into 7 equal parts, then how many are there in each part?
21 ÷ 7 = ?
We observe that
21 ÷ 7 = 3
3 × 7 = 21 (multiplication)
21 ÷ 3 = 7
(division)

Properties of Division
h Division by 1:
When a number is divided by 1, the quotient is the same as the dividend.
18 ÷ 1 = 18
h Division by 0:
Division by zero is not defined. So, the divisor can never be zero.
h Division of 0:
When zero is divided by any number, the quotient is always zero.
0 ÷ 35 = 0
h Division of a number by itself:
When a number is divided by itself, the quotient is always 1.
42 ÷ 42 = 1
Long Division Method
Long division method is another method to divide the numbers.
For example,
If 36 books are divided equally among 9 students, then each student will get 4 books we can express
the above fact as :
4 Quotient
Divisor 9 3 6 Dividend
– 3 6
0 Remainder

Long Division without Remainder

When a number is divided into equal parts and nothing is left over, then remainder is 0.
For example: 5
5 2 5
– 2 5
0 Remainder

Long Division with Remainder Olympiad Bite

If a number is divided into equal parts and
We can check long division by using the
something is left over, then this left over number
given formula;
is called remainder.
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
For example: 6 Remainder is always smaller than the
7 4 8
– 4 2 divisor and greater than or equal to zero.
6 Remainder

Division of a 2-digit and 3-digit number by 1-digit number

On dividing a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number, we follow the below steps :
Step 1 : Arrange the two numbers as below
3 9 5
Step 2 : Compare the divisor and tens digit of dividend. If divisor is less than tens digit of dividend,
we divide it by the divisor.
Here 3 < 8. So, divide 8 by 3.
Since 3 × 2 = 6 < 8. So, write 6 just below 8 and subtract it from 8. Also, copy the ones digit of dividend
as shown.
2
3 8 5
–6
2 5
Step 3 : Now, again compare the divisor and tens digit of result (i.e., 25). Since tens digit of number
25 is less than divisor, we consider both digits of 25 and divide 25 by 3.
2 8
3 8 5
–6
2 5
– 2 4
1 Remainder
 187 Quotient
For example: Divisor 2 3 7 5 Dividend
–2
1 7
– 1 6
1 5
– 1 4
1 Remainder

Checking of division : 2 × 187 + 1 = 374 + 1 = 375 = Dividend

SELF TEST - 5
1. Fill in the blank. (B) Subtraction
821 = 117 × 7 + ? (C) Multiplication
(A) 0 (B) 2 (D) None of these
(C) 5 (D) 8
4. Find the value of 8204 ÷ 1.
2. 46 players are divided into 6 teams. How many
(A) 0 (B) 1
players are there in each team? How many players
(C) 8204 (D) 820
are left?
(A) 7, 4 (B) 4, 8 5. When the largest 3-digit number is divided by
(C) 6, 3 (D) 7, 2 3, we get _______ as a quotient.
3. Division is the repeated process of ________. (A) 33 (B) 333
(A) Addition (C) 300 (D) 100
 EXERCISE
1. Sonia and Sneha are talking about a large (A) 10 (B) 8
number, they are studying in the Maths class, which (C) 11 (D) 15
is 2100 more than 3259. Which of the following is
the number? 9. Study the given number bond carefully. Find
(A) 1159 (B) 5462 the value of P + Q.
(C) 5359 (D) 4359 2×9
2. Which of the following options has a value
3×P 18
greater than 1000 – 850?
(A) 10 + 85 (B) 85 + 15 Q×1
(C) 85 + 85 (D) 100 – 85
(A) 30 (B) 18
3. There are 15 chairs in a classroom. The total
(C) 28 (D) 24
number of legs of the chairs in the classroom is
___________, if each chair has 4 legs. 10. The difference between the place values of digit
(A) 42 (B) 84 8 in 1892 and 2785 is _____.
(C) 60 (D) 105 (A) 800 (B) 720
4. When largest 4-digit number is divided by the (C) 80 (D) 0
largest 3-digit number, then 11. What is the missing number in the box?
(A) Quotient = 10, Remainder = 9
9345 – 2569 = + 4000
(B) Quotient = 100, Remainder = 99
(C) Quotient = 10, Remainder = 99 (A) 2776 (B) 2105
(D) Quotient = 100, Remainder = 9 (C) 2716 (D) 1976
5. If zero is subtracted from 4530, then the 12. Form the smallest 4-digit odd number by using
difference is ________. all the digits 3, 1, 0, 5, then subtract 105 from it.
(A) 0 (B) 4520 What is the result?
(C) 4530 (D) 5000 (A) 810 (B) 948
6. Find the missing number. (C) 930 (D) 920
? ×5 +8 ÷6 –5 = 3 13. Raghav has a bag of toffees. He distributed
(A) 4 (B) 8 850 toffees to the students and 350 toffees to the
(C) 10 (D) 12 teachers. He is left with 90 toffees in the bag. How
7. Manish is reading a 1800 pages book. He has many toffees did Raghav have at first?
already read 500 pages. If he reads 50 pages on each (A) 1200 (B) 1290
day, then how long did he take to read the rest of (C) 1300 (D) 1390
the book? 14. Pooja bought 8 packets of sugar. Each packet
(A) 20 days (B) 32 days of sugar costs ` 35. Which expression could be
(C) 25 days (D) 26 days used to find the total amount (in `) Pooja spent
8. Sahil bought 40 white shirts and 48 black shirts. on sugar?
He tied all the shirts into bundles of 8 equally. How (A) 35 ÷ 8 (B) 35 + 8
many bundles did he have in all? (C) 35 × 8 (D) 35 – 8
15. Shurti has 30 packets and her brother has 50 23. What number should be added to 9990 to get
packets of marbles. If each packet contains 5 marbles, the largest four digit even number?
then how many marbles they have altogether? (A) 8 (B) 9
(A) 400 (B) 600 (C) 10 (D) 0
(C) 800 (D) 1000 24. Compare and fill the box.
16. Find the value of L + M + N, if 4863 + 3689 – 2105 6254 + 2100 – 1005
L = 50 ÷ 5; M = 30 × 5; N = 8 + 4. (A) > (B) <
(A) 1250 (B) 1500 (C) = (D) Can’t be determined
(C) 180 (D) 172
25. Which number sentence describes the given
17. Which of the following two numbers when number of birds?
added will give the result 8215?
P - 5667    Q - 2548    R - 2105
(A) P and Q (B) P and R
(C) Q and R (D) None of these
18. Smriti sold 983 apples on first day. Next day,
she sold 120 less apples she sold on the first day. (A) 4 × 3 = 12 (B) 4 + 3 = 7
How many apples did she sold on both the days? (C) 4 × 5 = 20 (D) 2 × 4 = 8
(A) 1966 (B) 983 26. A 2-digit number is multiplied by a 1-digit
(C) 863 (D) 1846 number. The maximum number of digits in the
product is _______.
19. Amit bought 4296 . Kapil bought 250 (A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
more than Amit. Find the number of stamps
27. A fishermen caught 3216 in the morning
bought by Kapil. and 1245 in the evening. How many
(A) 4585 (B) 4046 he caught on that day?
(C) 4256 (D) 4546 (A) 4251 (B) 3000
20. A number between 50 and 62 is exactly divisible (C) 4461 (D) 4000
by 9. What is the result when 7 is subtracted from 28. The difference between the greatest and the
that number? smallest 4-digit numbers formed by using the digits
(A) 40 (B) 47 4, 0, 2 and 5 (without repetition) is _____.
(C) 56 (D) 63 (A) 3333 (B) 5175
21. Find the product of the sum of 430 and 6 and (C) 3375 (D) 3275
the remainder of 920 ÷ 7. 29. Find the value of X and Y respectively.
(A) 442 (B) 592 4 1 8 2
(C) 1308 (D) 1452 × 5
22. The value of 2 0 Y X 0
(A) 1, 2 (B) 1, 9
(C) 1, 8 (D) 9, 1
– = ? 30. The product of 5 and X is 600. Find the value
Th H T O Th H T O of X ÷ 3.
(A) 9 tens (B) 9 ones (A) 45 (B) 40
(C) 91 hundreds (D) 913 ones (C) 48 (D) 30
 34. If + = 623; +

31. Read the given information carefully. = 557 and + + = 976, then
• A number is less than
90 but more than 60. find the value of .
• It is divisible by 8.
(A) 200 (B) 204
• Sum of the digits of
(C) 206 (D) 208
the number is 9.
35. Select the CORRECT statement.
When the number is added to 10, then what will
P : Kavya painted 1060 candles to sell during the
be the resulting number?
Diwali mela. If she puts them in packets of
(A) 82 (B) 63
4 each, then 265 packets will be made.
(C) 72 (D) 48
Q : There are 27 roses in a bouquet. If Meena sold
32. Match the following: 108 such bouquets. Then she sold 2916 roses.
Column A Column B (A) Only P (B) Only Q
(C) Both P and Q (D) Neither P nor Q
(a) Kanika has 3162 mango (p) 4343
candies and 2184 orange SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
candies. Total number of
candies she has, is 1. Mr Arjun wants to divide 108 sweets among
(b) In a plane, there are 1234 (q) 5346 9 students. Which of the following can be used to
find how many sweets will each student get?
first class seats and 2946
second class seats. The (A) 108 + 9 (B) 108 – 9 
total number of seats in (C) 108 × 9 (D) 108 ÷ 9 (Level-1)
the plane is 2. Five hundred sixty three – Three hundred
(c) Sahil bought 4489 bats. (r) 4180 seventy five = ? .
Sneha bought 146 bats less
than Sahil. The number of
bats Sneha bought is (A) (B)
(A) (a) → (q), (b) → (r), (c) → (p)
(B) (a) → (q), (b) → (p), (c) → (r) H T O H T O
(C) (a) → (p), (b) → (q), (c) → (r)
(D) (a) → (r), (b) → (q), (c) → (p)
33. Fill in the blanks and select the correct option. (C) (D)
(a) 5260 × 0 = P
(b) 8200 ÷ 41 = Q tens H T O H T O
(c) 7652 = 588 × 13 + R  (Level-1)
P Q R 3. 833 apples were packed in 7 cartons. If each
(A) 0 2 8 carton contains same number of apples, then how
(B) 5260 20 7 many apples are kept in each carton?
(C) 5260 10 7 (A) 19 (B) 119
(C) 109 (D) 5831 (Level-1)
(D) 0 20 8
4. There are 462 people in a train. 98 people
deboarded the train. If 29 more people boarded the 11. If + + + +
train, then how many people are there in the train
now?
(A) 531 (B) 631 = 35, × = 21 and
(C) 393 (D) 383 (Level-1)

5. Ishaan has 3865 marbles and Dhristi has 378

+ = 11, then =?
less marbles than Ishaan. Find the total number of
marbles they have altogether.
(A) 9 (B) 8
(A) 7352 (B) 3487 (C) 7 (D) 6 (Level-1)
(C) 8108 (D) 4243 (Level-1)
12. Radhika made 10 dozen cupcakes. She gave 22
6. Find the missing digit in the box, if remainder cupcakes to her mother and ate 6 cupcakes. How
is equal to 2. many cupcakes are left with her?
4 9
(A) 6 (A) 92 (B) 96
1 4 9
(B) 2 (C) 82 (D) 86 (Level-2)
(C) 3
13. Put the correct signs in the boxes below in
(D) 4 (Level-1)
the same order as in the options so that the given
7. Which of the following signs will replace the statement becomes true.
(?) in the box? 84 8 62 3 = 33
56 × 2 = 106 ? 6 (A) –, +, + (B) +, +, –
(A) + (B) – (C) –, +, – (D) +, –, + (Level-2)
(C) × (D) ÷ (Level-1)
14. Find the value of (P + S) – (R + Q).
8. Manoj sells 26 packets of 6 mangoes each and
is left with 430 mangoes. How many mangoes did
Manoj have at first?
(A) 586 (B) 155 2437 + 3321 2197 – 1927
(C) 117 (D) 585 (Level-1)
P Q
9. Priyanka buys 21 cupcakes for her friends every
day. How many cupcakes does she buy in the month
of December?
(A) 652 (B) 741
(C) 651 (D) 630 (Level-1) 1420 + 2410 4310 – 1024
10. Identify the four digit number. R S
(A) 4944 (B) 4020
Its ones digit is the smallest one
(C) 3784 (D) 4140 (Level-2)
digit odd number.
Its hundreds digit is 96 ÷ 12. 15. 3465 are to be packed. If 4 are
Its tens digit is 4 times its ones digit. to be packed in one packet, then how many packets
Its thousands digit is two more will be there and how many will be left?
than its tens digit.
(A) 866, 1 (B) 866, 0
(A) 6841 (B) 6542 (C) 867, 0 (D) 867, 2 (Level-2)
(C) 8641 (D) 9482 (Level-1)
16. Aaryan thought of a four digit number. Find (A) 37 (B) 22
the number, using the given clues. (C) 28 (D) 29 (Level-2)
 Its ones digit is largest one-digit odd
number. 19. Find the missing number in the box.
? × 12 + 42 ÷ 6
Its tens digit is difference of 22 tens and
 
220. – 20 = 707
Its hundreds digit is tens digit of 12 × 6.
  (A) 360 (B) 280
Its thousands digit is unit digit of greatest
  (C) 320 (D) 380 (Level-2)
4-digit even number.
(A) 8609 (B) 8709
20. If × = 100, ÷2=
(C) 8708 (D) 8789 (Level-2)
17. Which of the following options gives the and + + +
maximum value?
(A) 3 hundreds + 42 tens
(B) 1 thousand + 60 ones + = 100 ÷ , then
(C) 9 hundreds + 2 tens
(D) 7 hundreds + 56 tens (Level-2)
18. Aman has 8 jars to keep candies. Each jar can find the value of .
contain 14 candies. If Aman has 140 candies, then
how many candies will be left after keeping the (A) 25 (B) 10
candies in 8 jars? (C) 5 (D) 4 (Level-2)
 HINTS & EXPLANATIONS
SELF TEST - 1 Sum of 6245 and 3104 = 6245
1. (A) :   2 1 6 5 + 3104
9349
+ 5 4 5 9 Now, 8425 < 9349.
  7 6 2 4 4. (B) : Total number of books Karan had = 7520
So, x = 5
Total number of books he gave to children and
2. (C) :   1 4 8 1 library together = 1765 + 2978 = 4743
+ 3 2 1 4 So, number of books left with him
  4 6 9 5  = 7520 – 4743 = 2777
4695 is written as four thousand six hundred 5. (C) : Sum of 3210 + 4200 = 7410.
ninety five Let X be the required number.
3. (B) : 7384 + 0 = 7384 So,  7410 – X = 1295
4. (B) : Since, the number can be added in any ⇒  7410 – 6115 = 1295
order, the sum does not change. So,  X = 6115
So, 9863 + 2357 = 2357 + 9863
SELF TEST - 4
5. (B) : Addition of two numbers is always
greater than both the numbers. 1. (C) : 400 × 5 = 2000
2. (B)
SELF TEST - 2
3. (B) : 545 × 13 = 13 × 545
1. (B) : 9453 – 1234 = 8219
In 8219, digit 2 is at the hundreds place. 4. (C) : 800 × 0 = 0
2. (B) : 4323 – 2053 = 2270 5. (C) : Number of children can sit on 1 bench = 3
And, 2270 = 227 tens. Number of children can sit on 45 benches = 3 × 45
3. (A) : 7497 – 4501 = 2996 = 135
\  4501 is 2996 less than 7497. SELF TEST - 5
4. (C) : Total number of steps to climb = 515 117
Number of steps Priya climbed = 420 1. (B) : 7 8 2 1
Number of more steps she has to climb –7
 = 515 – 420 = 95 1 2
– 7
5. (B) : If 0 is subtracted from a number, the 5 1
difference is the number itself. – 4 9
2
SELF TEST - 3
So, 821 = 117 × 7 + 2
1 5 13
1. (B) : 6 2 4 5 and 8 5 6 3 7

+ 2 3 1 8 – 1 0 4 5 2. (A) : 6 4 6
8 5 6 3 7 5 1 8 – 4 2
4
2. (A) : Sum of 200 and 845 = 200 + 845 = 1045
\ Required difference = 1500 – 1045 = 455 So, there are 7 players in each of 6 teams and 4
8 12 players are left.
3. (B) : Difference between 9245 and 820 = 9 2 4 5
– 820 3. (B)
8425 4. (C) : 8204 ÷ 1 = 8204
5. (B) : Largest 3-digit number = 999 10. (B) : Place value of 8 in 1892 = 800
333 Quotient Place value of 8 in 2785 = 80
3 9 9 9 Required difference = 800 – 80 = 720
–9
0 9 11. (A) : 9345 – 2569 = + 4000
– 9 ⇒ 6776 = + 4000
0 9
– 9 or, 6776 = 2776 + 4000
0 So, missing value is 2776.
EXERCISE 12. (C) : Smallest 4-digit odd number formed from
1. (C) : Required number = 2100 more than 3259 the digits 3, 1, 0, 5 = 1035
= 3259 + 2100 = 5359 \ Required number = 1035 – 105 = 930
2. (C) : Since 1000 – 850 = 150 13. (B) : Number of toffees distributed to students
(A) 10 + 85 = 95 < 150  = 850
(B) 85 + 15 = 100 < 150 Number of toffees distributed to teachers = 350
(C) 85 + 85 = 170 > 150 Total number of toffees distributed = 850 + 350
(D) 100 – 85 = 15 < 150    = 1200
3. (C) : Number of chairs in the classroom = 15 Number of toffees left in the bag = 90
Number of legs 1 chair has = 4 So, number of toffees Raghav have at first
So, number of legs 15 chairs have = 15 × 4 = 60  = 1200 + 90 = 1290
4. (A) : Largest 4-digit number = 9999 14. (C) : Number of packets of sugar bought = 8
Largest 3-digit number = 999 Cost of each packet = ` 35
10 Quotient So, total amount spent on sugar = ` (35 × 8)
999 9 9 9 9 15. (A) : Number of packets of marbles Shruti has
– 9 9 9 = 30
0 9 Remainder Number of packets of marbles Shruti’s brother
5. (C) : Subtracting zero from any number does has = 50
not change the number. \ Total number of packets they both have
\  4530 – 0 = 4530  = 30 + 50 = 80
×5 +8 ÷6 –5 Number of marbles in one packet = 5
6. (B) : 8 40 48 8 3
So, missing number = 8 So, number of marbles in 80 packets = 5 × 80 = 400
7. (D) : Number of pages in the book = 1800 16. (D) : We have, L = 50 ÷ 5 = 10, M = 30 × 5 = 150
Number of pages already read = 500 N = 8 + 4 = 12,
Number of pages left to be read \  L + M + N = 10 + 150 + 12 = 172
= 1800 – 500 = 1300 17. (A) : (A) P + Q = 5667 + 2548 = 8215
Number of pages read in 1 day = 50 (B) P + R = 5667 + 2105 = 7772 ≠ 8215
\ Number of days required to read the rest of the (C) Q + R = 2548 + 2105 = 4653 ≠ 8215
book = 1300 ÷ 50 = 26 18. (D) : Number of apples sold on first day = 983
8. (C) : Total number of shirts = 40 + 48 = 88 Number of apples sold on next day = 983 – 120 = 863
Number of shirts in 1 bundle = 8 So, number of apples sold on both the days
Number of bundles of 8 shirts each = 88 ÷ 8 = 11 = 983 + 863 = 1846
9. (D) : We have, 2 × 9 = 18 19. (D) : Number of stamps bought by Amit = 4296
3 × P = 18 or 3 × 6 = 18 Number of stamps bought by Kapil = 4296 + 250
So, P = 6 = 4546
Also, Q × 1 = 18 or 18 × 1 = 18 20. (B) : Between 50 and 62 only 54 is exactly
So, Q = 18 divisible by 9. After subtracting 7 from 54 we get
\ P + Q = 6 + 18 = 24 54 – 7 = 47.
21. (C) : 131 32. (A) : (a) Number of mango candies Kanika has
7 9 2 0 = 3162
–7 Number of orange candies she has = 2184
2 2
– 2 1 Total number of candies she has
1 0  = 3162 + 2184 = 5346
– 7 (b) Number of first class seats = 1234
3 Remainder
Number of second class seats = 2946
Sum of 430 and 6 = 430 + 6 = 436
Total number of seats = 1234 + 2946 = 4180
So, product of 436 and 3 = 436 × 3 = 1308
(c) Number of bats Sahil bought = 4489
22. (D) : 3436 – 2523 = 913 = 913 ones Number of bats Sneha bought = 4489 – 146 = 4343
23. (A) : Largest 4-digit even number = 9998 33. (D) : (a) 5260 × 0 = 0
Let x be the required number, then 9990 + x = 9998 (b) 8200 ÷ 41 = 200 = 20 tens
or, 9990 + 8 = 9998 588
(c) 13 7 6 5 2
⇒x=8 – 6 5
24. (B) : 4863 + 3689 – 2105 = 8552 – 2105 = 6447 1 1 5
and, 6254 + 2100 – 1005 = 8354 – 1005 = 7349 – 1 0 4
1 1 2
Now, 6447 < 7349 – 1 0 4
25. (A) 8 Remainder
26. (B) So, 7652 = 588 × 13 + 8
34. (B) : We have,
27. (C) : Number of caught in the morning
 = 3216 + = 623 ...(1)
Number of caught in the evening = 1245
Total number of fish caught on the day + = 557 ...(2)
= 3216 + 1245 = 4461
28. (C) : Greatest 4-digit number formed by using
4, 0, 2 and 5 (without repetition) = 5420 + + = 976 ...(3)
Smallest 4-digit number formed by using 4, 0, 2
Using (2) in (3), we get
and 5 (without repetition) = 2045
Required difference = 5420 – 2045 = 3375 ⇒ 557 + = 976
4 1
29. (B) :
4 1 8 2 ⇒ = 976 – 557 = 419

× 5

2
0 9 1 0 So, from (1), + 419 = 623
So, X = 1, Y = 9
30. (B) : As, 5 × X = 600 ⇒ = 623 – 419 = 204
or, 5 × 120 = 600
⇒ X = 120 35. (C) : P: Total number of candles = 1060
Number of candles in each packet = 4
So, 120 ÷ 3 = 40
\ Number of packets made = 1060 ÷ 4 = 265
31. (A) : Numbers which are divisible by 8 and lies So, P is true
between 60 and 90 are, 64, 72, 80 and 88. Q. Number of roses in a bouquet = 27
Also, sum of digits of 72 = 7 + 2 = 9 Total number of bouquet sold = 108
So, required number = 72 \ Number of roses sold = 108 × 27 = 2916
Now, 72 + 10 = 82 So, Q is true
 SOF IMO 2019 QUESTIONS
1. (D) 11. (B) : + + + +
2. (C) : 563 – 375 = 188
= 35
3. (B) : Total number of apples = 833
Number of cartons = 7
So, number of apples in each carton ⇒5× = 35 or 5 × 7 = 35
= 833 ÷ 7 = 119.
4. (C) : Total number of people in the train
\ =7
= 462
Number of people deboarded the train = 98
So, number of people left in the train
 = 462 – 98 = 364 Also, × = 21
Also, 29 more people boarded the train.
So, total number of people in the train now
⇒7× = 21 or 7 × 3 = 21
= 29 + 364 = 393.
5. (A) : Number of marbles Ishaan has = 3865
Dhristi has 378 less marbles than Ishaan. \ =3
So, number of marbles Dhristi has
= 3865 – 378 = 3487
Now, + = 11
So, total number of marbles they both have
= 3865 + 3487 = 7352.
49 ⇒3+ = 11 or 3 + 8 = 11
6. (C) : 3 1 4 9
– 1 2
2 9 \ =8
– 2 7
2 Remainder
\ Missing digit is 3. 12. (A) : Number of cupcakes made by Radhika
7. (A) : 56 × 2 = 112  = 10 × 12 = 120
Also, 106 + 6 = 112 Number of cupcakes she gave to her mother = 22
8. (A) : Number of mangoes in each packet = 6 Number of cupcakes she ate = 6
Number of packets sold = 26 \ Number of cupcakes used = 22 + 6 = 28
\ Number of mangoes sold = 26 × 6 = 156 So, number of cupcakes left = 120 – 28 = 92
Number of mangoes left with Manoj = 430
13. (D) : 84 + 8 – 62 + 3 = 33
So, number of mangoes Manoj have at first
⇒ 92 – 62 + 3 = 33
 = 156 + 430 = 586
⇒ 30 + 3 = 33
9. (C) : Number of cupcakes bought on one day = 21
Number of days in December = 31 ⇒ 33 = 33 (correct)
\ Number of cupcakes bought in December 14. (A) : P = 2437 + 3321 = 5758
 = 21 × 31 = 651 Q = 2197 – 1927 = 270
10. (A) : Smallest one digit odd number is 1. R = 1420 + 2410 = 3830
\ Ones digit is 1. S = 4310 – 1024 = 3286
Tens digit = 4 × ones digit = 4 × 1 = 4
P + S = 5758 + 3286 = 9044
Hundreds digit = 96 ÷ 12 = 8
Thousands digit = 2 + tens digit = 2+ 4 = 6 and R + Q = 3830 + 270 = 4100
So, required number is 6841. So, (P + S) – (R + Q) = 9044 – 4100 = 4944
15. (A) : Total number of = 3465
20. (D) : We have, × = 100
Number of in one packet = 4
On dividing 3465 by 4, quotient is 866 and remainder or 10 × 10 = 100
is 1.
So, number of packets formed = 866 \ = 10
and number of left = 1
16. (B) : Largest one-digit odd number is 9 and ÷2=
\ Ones digit is 9
Tens digit = 22 tens – 220 = 220 – 220 = 0
Hundreds digit = Tens digit of (12 × 6) ⇒ 10 ÷ 2 =
= Tens digit of 72 = 7
Greatest 4-digit even number is 9998. ⇒ =5
Thousands digit = units digit of 9998 = 8
\ Required number is 8709. Also, + + +
17. (D) : (A) 3 hundreds + 42 tens = 300 + 420 = 720
(B) 1 thousand + 60 ones = 1000 + 60 = 1060
(C) 9 hundreds + 2 tens = 900 + 20 = 920 + = 100 ÷
(D) 7 hundreds + 56 tens = 700 + 560 = 1260 (maximum)
18. (C) : Number of candies Aman have = 140
Number of candies each jar can contain = 14 ⇒ 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 100 ÷
Number of candies 8 jars can contain = 14 × 8 = 112
\ Number of candies left = 140 – 112 = 28
19. (A) : 360 × 12 4320 + 42 4362 ÷ 6 727 ⇒ 25 = 100 ÷ or 25 = 100 ÷ 4
- 20 707
\ Missing number is 360. \ =4