Case Study - 1
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vasudevkrishnakumar2005Case Study - 1
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vasudevkrishnakumar2005Chapter 1
Real Numbers
1.Activity on Real Numbers
In a classroom activity on real numbers, the students have to pick a number card from a pile
and frame a question on it if it is not a rational number for the rest of the class. The number
cards picked up by the first 5 students and their questions on the numbers for the rest of the
class are shown below. Answer them.
(i) Suraj picked up √8 and his question was - Which of the following is true about √8?
(a) It is a natural number
(b) It is an irrational number
(c) It is a rational number
(d) None of these
Answer:(b)
Solution:
ere 8= 2 × 2 × 2= 2 2
H
product of rational and irrational numbers = irrational number
Hence, it is an irrational number.
Option b is correct.
(ii) Shreya picked up 'BONUS' and asked: Which of the following is not irrational?
(a) 3 − 4 5
(b) 7− 6
(c) 2 + 2 9
(d) 4 11− 6
nswer:(c)
A
Solution:
Here 9= 3 × 3= 3
o,2 + 2 9 = 2 + 6 = 8, which is not irrational.
S
Option c is correct.
(iii) Ananya picked up 15− 10 and her question was− 15− 10 is. number.
(a) a natural
(b) an irrational
(c) a whole
(d) a rational
Answer:(b)
Solution:
ere 15 and 10 are both irrational and difference of two irrational numbers is also
H
irrational.
Option b is correct.
1 1
(iv) Suman picked up and her question was− is _____________ number?
5 5
( a) a whole
(b) a rational
(c) an irrational
( d) a natural
Answer:(c)
Solution:
s 5 is irrational, so its reciprocal is alsoirrational.
A
Option c is correct.
(v) Preethi picked up 6 and her question was -Which of the following is not irrational?
(a)15 + 3 6
(b) 24− 9
5
(c) 150
(d) None of these
nswer:(d)
A
Solution:
We know that 6 is irrational.
So,15 + 3 6 is irrational.
Similarly, 24− 9 = 4 × 6− 9 = 2 6− 9 is irrational.
5 5 1
And 150 = = is irrational.
5 6 6
Option d is correct.
2. Exponential Laws
rikanth has made a project on real numbers, where he finely explained the applicability of
S
exponential laws and divisibility conditions on real numbers. He also included some
assessment questions at the end of his project as listed below. Answer them.
𝑛
(i) For what value of n,4 ends in 0?
(a) 10
(b) when n is even
(c) when n is odd
(d) no value of n
Answer:(d)
Solution:
𝑛 2𝑛
2𝑛
For a number to end in zero it must be divisible by 5, but4 =2 = 2 is never divisibleby
𝑛
. So,4 never ends in zero for any value ofn.
5
Option d is correct.
( ii) If a is a positive rational number and n is a positive integer greater than 1, then for what
value of n, a" is a rational number?
(a) when n is any even integer
(b) when n is any odd integer
(c) for all n>1
(d) only when n = 0
nswer:(c)
A
Solution:
We know that the product of two rational numbers is also a rational number.
2
So,𝑎 = 𝑎 × 𝑎 = rational number
3 2
𝑎 = 𝑎 × 𝑎 =rational number
4 3
= 𝑎 × 𝑎 = rational number
𝑎
—---------------------------------------------------
—-------------------------------------------------
𝑛 𝑛−1
= 𝑎 × 𝑎 =rational number.
𝑎
Option c is correct.
(iii) If x and y are two odd positive integers, then which of the following is true?
(a) x² + y² is even
(b) x² + y² is not divisible by 4
(c) x² + y² is odd
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer:(d)
Solution:
Let𝑥 = 2𝑚
+ 1𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑦
= 2
𝑘 + 1
Then x² + y²= (2m + 1)² + (2k + 1)²
= 4m² + 4m + 1 + 4k² + 4k + 1
= 4(m² + k² + m + k) + 2
So, it is even but not divisible by 4.
Option d is correct.
(iv) The statement 'One of every three consecutive positive integers is divisible by 3' is
(a) always true
(b) sometimes true
(c) always false
(d) None of these
Answer:(a)
Solution:
Let three consecutive positive integers be n,
n+1 and n + 2.
We know that when a number is divided by 3, the remainder obtained is either 0, 1, or 2. So,
𝑛 = 3 𝑝𝑜𝑟3𝑝 + 2, where p is some integer.
+ 1𝑜𝑟3𝑝
If𝑛 = 3 𝑝, then n is divisible by 3.
If𝑛 = 3 𝑝 + 1, then𝑛 + 2 = 3𝑝 + 1 + 2 = 3𝑝 + 3 = 3( 𝑝 + 1) is divisibleby 3.
If𝑛 = 3 𝑝 + 2, then𝑛 + 1 = 3 𝑝
+ 2 + 1 = 3𝑝
+ 3 = 3(𝑝 + 1)
is divisible by 3.
So, we can say that one of the numbers among n, n + 1, and n + 2 is always divisible by 3
Option a is correct.
(v) If n is any odd integer, then n² - 1 is divisible by
(a) 22
(b) 55
( c) 88
(d) 8
nswer:(d)
A
Solution:
Any odd number is of the form of (2k+1), where k is any integer.
2
o,𝑛² − 1 = (2𝑘
S + 1) − 1 = 4𝑘 ² + 4𝑘
For𝑘 = 1, 4𝑘 ² + 4𝑘 = 8, which is divisible by 8.
Similarly, for𝑘 = 2, 4𝑘 = 24, which is divisibleby 8.
² + 4𝑘
And for𝑘 = 3, 4𝑘 ² + 4𝑘 = 48, which is also divisibleby 8.
So,4𝑘² + 4
𝑘 is divisible by 8 for all integersk, i.e., n² - 1
is divisible by 8 for all odd values of n.
3. Daily Life Situations
eal numbers are extremely useful in everyday life. That is probably one of the main
R
reasons we all learn how to count add and subtract from a very young age. Real numbers
help us to count and measure quantities of different items in various fields like retail, buying,
catering, publishing, etc. Every normal person uses real numbers in his daily life. After
knowing the importance of real numbers, try and improve your knowledge about them by
answering the following questions on real-life situations.
( i) Three people go for a morning walk together from the same place. Their steps measure
80 cm, 85 cm, and 90 cm respectively. What is the minimum distance traveled when they
meet for the first time after starting the walk assuming that their walking speed is the same?
(a) 6120 cm
(b) 12240 cm
(c) 4080 cm
(d) None of these
Answer:(b)
Solution:
4 2
ere 80 =2 × 5, 85 = 17 x 5 and 90 = 2 x3 x 5
H
L.C.M of 80, 85, and 90 = 24 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 17 = 12240
Hence, the minimum distance each should walk when the first time is 12240 cm.
( ii) In a school Independence Day parade, a group of 594 students need to march behind a
band of 189 members. The two groups have to march in the same number of columns. What
is the maximum number of columns in which they can march?
(a) 9
(b) 6
(c) 27
(d) 29
nswer:(c)
A
Solution:
Here 594 = 2 × 33 × 11 and 189 = 33× 7
HCF of 594 and 189 = 33=
27
Hence, the maximum number of columns in which they can march is 27.
( iii) Two tankers contain 768 liters and 420 liters of fuel respectively. Find the maximum
capacity of the container which can measure the fuel of either tanker exactly.
(a) 4 litres
(b) 7 litres
(c) 12 litres
(d) 18 litres
Answer:(c)
Solution:
Here 768 = 28x 3 and 420 = 22 x 3 x 5 x 7
HCF of 768 and 420 = 22 x 3 = 12
So, the container that can measure the fuel of either tanker exactly must be 12 liters.
( iv) The dimensions of a room are 8 m 25 cm, 6 m 75 cm, and 4 m 50 cm. Find the length of
the largest measuring rod that can measure the dimensions of the room exactly.
(a) 1 m 25 cm
(b) 75 cm
(c) 90 cm
(d) 1 m 35 cm
Answer:(b)
Solution:
Here, Length = 825 cm, Breadth = 675 cm and Height = 450 cm
Also, 825 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 11,
675 = 5 x 5 x 3 x 3 x 3
and 450 = 2 x 3 x3x5x5
HCF = 5 x 5 x 3 = 75
Therefore, the length of the longest rod which can measure the three dimensions of the
room exactly is 75 cm.
( v) Pens are sold in packs of 8 and notepads are sold in packs of 12. Find the least number
of packs of each type that one should buy so that there is an equal number of pens and
notepads.
(a) 3 and 2
(b) 2 and 5
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 4 and 5
Answer:(a)
Solution:
LCM of 8 and 12 is 24.
24
ஃ The least number of packs of pens = 8
= 3
24
ஃ The least number of packs of note pads = 12 = 2
4. Decimal Expansion
The decimal form of rational numbers can be classified into two types.
● Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then x can be
𝑝
expressed in form 𝑞 , where p and q are co-primeand the prime factorization of q is
of form 2m.5n, where n and m are non-negative integersand vice-versa.
𝑝
● Let x =𝑞 be a rational number, such that theprime factorization of q is not of form
m
2 .5n, where n and m are non-negative integers. Thenx has a non-terminating
repeating decimal expansion.
(i) Which of the following rational numbers has a terminating decimal expansion?
125
(a) 441
77
(b) 210
15
(c) 1600
129
(d) 2 2 2
(2 ×5
×7 )
nswer:(C)
A
Solution:
(c) Here, the simplest form of given options is
25
1 53
441
= 2 2
(3 ×7 )
77 11
210
= (2×
3
×
5
)
15 3
1600
= 6
(2 ×
5)
ut of all the given options, the denominator of the option
O
(c) alone has only 2 and 5 as factors. So, it is a terminating decimal.
23
(ii) 3 2 =
(2 ×
5
)
(a)0.575
(b)0.115
(c)0.92
(d) 1.15
Answer:(b)
Solution:
23 23
3 2 = 200
= 0. 115
(2 ×
5
)
441
(iii) 2 7 2 is a decimal.
(2 ×
5
×
7
)
(a) terminating
( b) recurring
(c) non-terminating and non-recurring
(d) None of these
Answer:(a)
Solution:
441 9
2 7 2 = 2 7 , which is a terminating decimal.
(2 ×
5
×
7
) (2 ×5 )
251
(iv) For which of the following value(s) of p, 3 is a non-terminating recurring decimal?
(2 ×𝑝
²)
( a) 3
(b) 7
(c) 15
(d) All of these
Answer:(d)
Solution:
he fraction form of a non-terminating recurring decimal will have at least one prime number
T
other than 2 and 5 as its factors in denominator.
So, p can take either 3, 7, or 15.
241
(v) 5 3
______________ isa decimal.
(2 ×
5
)
( a) terminating
(b) recurring
(c) non-terminating and non-recurring
(d) None of these
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
Here denominator has only two prime factors i.e., 2 and 5 and hence it is a terminating
decimal.
Chapter 2
Polynomials
1.Construction of Humps
BC construction company got the contract of making speed humps on roads. Speed humps
A
are parabolic in shape and prevent overspeeding, minimize accidents and give a chance for
pedestrians to cross the road. The mathematical representation of a speed hump is shown in
the given graph.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The polynomial represented by the graph can be polynomial.
(a) Linear
(b) Quadratic
(c) Cubic
(d) Zero
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
Since the given graph is parabolic in shape, therefore it will represent aquadratic
polynomial.
[∴Graph of a quadratic polynomial is parabolic in shape]
(ii) The zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph are
(a) 1,5
(b) -1,5
(c) 1,-5
(d) -1,-5
Answer:(b)
Solution:
Since, the graph cuts the x-axis at -1, 5.
So the polynomial has 2 zeroes i.e., -1 and 5.
(iii) The sum of zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph are
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 7
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
Sum of zeroes = -1 + 5 = 4
( iv) Ifα andβ are the zeroes of the polynomialrepresented by the graph such that β > a,
then 8α + β =
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Sinceα𝑎𝑛𝑑β
are zeroes of the given polynomialandβ > α
α = - 1 andβ = 5.
8α + β = 8(-1) + 5 = |-8+5| = |-3| = 3.
(v) The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph is
(a) -x²-4x-5
(b) x²+4x+5
(c) x²+4x-5
(d) -x²+4x+5
Answer:(d)
Solution:
Since the zeroes of the given polynomial are - 1 and 5.
ஃ Required polynomial p(x)
= 𝑘{𝑥² − (− 1 + 5) 𝑥 + (− 1) (5) }
= 𝑘(𝑥² − 4
𝑥 − 5
)
For𝑘 = − 1, we get
+ 5, which is the required polynomial.
𝑝(𝑥) = − 𝑥² + 4𝑥
2.Honeycomb
hile playing in the garden, Sahiba saw a honeycomb and asked her mother what is that.
W
She replied that it's a honeycomb made by honey bees to store honey. Also, she told her
that the shape of the honeycomb formed is parabolic. The mathematical representation of
the honeycomb structure is shown in the graph.
ased on the above information, answer the following questions.
B
(i) Graph of a quadratic polynomial is in shape.
(a) straight line
(b) parabolic
(c) circular
(d) None of these
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
The graph of a quadratic polynomial is parabolic in shape.
(ii) The expression of the polynomial represented by the graph is
(a) x²-49
(b) x²-64
(c) x²-36
(d) x²-81
Answer:(c)
Solution:
Since the graph of the polynomial cuts the x-axis at (-6, 0) and (6, 0).
So, the zeroes of the polynomial are -6 and 6.
∴ The required polynomial is
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥² − (− 6 + 6) 𝑥 + (− 6) (6) = 𝑥
² − 36
(iii) Find the value of the polynomial represented by the graph when x = 6.
(a) -2
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) 1
Answer:(c)
Solution:
We have, p(x) = x² - 36 Now,
2
𝑝(6) = 6 − 3
6 = 36 − 3
6 = 0
(iv) The sum of zeroes of the polynomial x² + 2x – 3 is
(a) -1
(b) -2
(c) 2
(d) 1
Answer:(b)
Solution:
Let𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥² + 2
𝑥 Then,
– 3
𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝑓𝑥 −2
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 =− 𝑐 𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑥²
= 1
=− 2
( v) If the sum of zeroes of polynomial at² + 5t + 3a is equal to their product, then find the
value of a.
(a) -5
(b) -3
5
(c)3
5
(d)− 3
Answer:(d)
Solution:
he given polynomial is𝑎𝑡² + 5𝑡 + 3𝑎
T
Given, sum of zeroes = product of zeroes
−5 3𝑎
⇒ 𝑎
= 𝑎
−5
⇒𝑎 = 3
3. Just before the morning assembly, a teacher of a kindergarten school observes some
louds in the sky and so she cancels the assembly. She also observes that the
c
clouds have the shape of a polynomial. The mathematical representation of a cloud
is shown in the figure.
(i) Find the zeroes of the polynomial represented by the graph.
−1 7
(a) ,
2 2
1 7
(b) 2 , − 2
1
7
(c)− 2 , − 2
1 7
(d) 2 , 2
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
Since the graph of the polynomial intersect
1 −7
the x-axis at𝑥 = 0. 5, − 3. 5𝑜
𝑟𝑥 = 2
, 2 ,therefore required zeroes of
1 −7
the polynomial are 2 , 2
(ii) What will be the expression for the polynomial represented by the graph?
(a)𝑝(𝑥) = 12𝑥² − 4𝑥 − 7
(b)𝑝(𝑥) =− 𝑥² − 12𝑥 + 3
(c)𝑝(𝑥) = 4𝑥
² + 12𝑥 + 7
(d)𝑝(𝑥) =− 4𝑥 ² − 12𝑥 + 7
Answer:(d)
Solution:
1 −7
∵ 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2
are the zeroes of the polynomial.
1 −7
So, at𝑥 = 2
, 2
the value of the polynomial will be 0. From options, required polynomial is
𝑝(𝑥) = − 4𝑥
² − 1
2𝑥 + 7
(iii) What will be the value of the polynomial represented by the graph, when x = 3?
(a) 65
(b) -65
(c) 68
(d) -68
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
We have,𝑝(𝑥) = − 4𝑥 ² − 1
2𝑥 + 7
when x = 3
∴𝑝( 𝑥) = − 4 × 3² − 12 × 3 + 7
= − 36 − 3 6 + 7 = − 65
4 4
(iv) Ifα andβ are the zeroes of the polynomialf(x) = x² + 2x - 8, thenα + β =
(a) 262
(b) 252
(c) 272
(d) 282
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥² + 2
𝑥 − 8𝑎𝑛𝑑α, β𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑠𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠.
α + β =− 2 andαβ =− 8
4 4 2 2 2 2
Now,α + β = α + β ( ) − 2α
β
2
= ((α + β) ² − 2
αβ)² − 2( αβ)
2
= ((− 2) ² − 2 ×− 8) ² − 2( − 8)
= (4 + 16)² − 2 × 64
= 400 − 128 = 272
( v) Find a quadratic polynomial where the sum and product of its zeroes are 0 and, √7
respectively.
(a) k(x²+√7)
(b) k(x²-√7)
(c) k(x²+√5)
(d) none of these
Answer:(a)
Solution:
𝑊𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑜𝑓𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 = 0𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑝
𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑧 𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑒𝑠 = √7
𝑜, 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘( 𝑥² − 0. 𝑥 + √7)
𝑆
= 𝑘(𝑥² + √
7)
4. Soccer Match
In a soccer match, the path of the soccer ball in a kick is recorded as shown in the following
graph.
ased on the above information, answer the following questions.
B
(i) The shape of path of the soccer ball is a
(a) Circle
(b) Parabola
(c) Line
(d) None of these
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
The shape of the path of the soccer ball is a parabola.
(ii) The axis of symmetry of the given parabola is
(a) y-axis
(b) x-axis
(c) line parallel to the y-axis
(d) line parallel to the x-axis
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
The axis of symmetry of the given curve is a line parallel to y-axis.
(iii) The zeroes of the polynomial, represented in the given graph, are
(a) -1,7
(b) 5, -2
(c) -2,7
(d) -3,8
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
The zeroes of the polynomial, represented in the given graph, are -2 and 7, since the curve
cuts the x-axis at these points.
(iv) Which of the following polynomials has -2 and -3 as its zeroes?
(a) x²-5x-5
(b) x² + 5x-6
(c) x²+6x-5
(d) x² +5x+6
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
A polynomial having zeroes -2 and -3 is
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑥² − (− 2 − 3) 𝑥 + (− 2) (− 3)
= 𝑥² + 5
𝑥 + 6
(v) For what value of 'x, the value of the polynomial f(x) = (x - 3)2 + 9 is 9?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:(c)
Solution:
2
𝑒ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3
𝑊 ) + 9
Now,
2
= (𝑥 − 3) + 9
9
⇒𝑥 − 3 = 0
⇒𝑥 = 3
Chapter 3
Pair of Equations in two variables
1. Hostel Monthly Charges
part of monthly hostel charges in a college is fixed and the remaining depends on the
A
number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student Anu takes food for 25
days, she has to pay 4500 as hostel charges, whereas another student Bindu who takes
food for 30 days, has to pay 5200 as hostel charges.
onsidering the fixed charges per month by ₹x and the cost of food per day by ₹y, then
C
answer the following questions.
(i) Represent algebraically the situation faced by both Anu and Bindu.
(a) x+25y = 4500, x + 30y = 5200
(b) 25x+y=4500, 30x + y = 5200
(c) x-25y=4500, x-30y=5200
(d) 25x-y=4500, 30x - y = 5200
Answer:(a)
Solution:
or student Anu:
F
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑𝑐 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑓𝑜𝑟25𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 4500
𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑥 + 25𝑦 = 4500
For student Bindu:
𝐹𝑖𝑥𝑒𝑑𝑐 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑓𝑜𝑟3
0𝑑
𝑎𝑦𝑠 = 5
200
𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 5200
(ii) The system of linear equations, represented by the above situations has
(a) No solution
(b) Unique solution
(c) None of these
(d) Infinitely many solutions
Answer:(b)
Solution:
rom above, we have a₁ = 1, b₁ = 25, C₁ = -4500
F
and a₂ = 1, b2 = 30, C2 = -5200
𝑎1 𝑏1 5
2 𝑐1 −4500 5
4
𝑎2
= 1, 𝑏2
= 30
, 𝑐2
= −5200
= 52
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
Thus, system of linear equations has unique solution.
(iii) The cost of food per day is
(a) ₹120
(b) ₹130
(c) ₹140
(d) ₹1300
Answer:(c)
Solution:
e have,𝑥 + 25𝑦 = 4500…………….....(i)
W
and𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 5200………………….....(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get
5𝑦 = 700, 𝑦 = 140
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑑𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑖𝑠₹140.
(iv) The fixed charges per month for the hostel is
(a) ₹1500
(b) ₹1200
(c) ₹1000
(d) ₹1300
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
We have,𝑥 + 25𝑦 = 4500
𝑥 = 4500 − 25×140
⇒𝑥 = 4500 − 3
500 = ₹1000
Fixed charges per month for the hostel is ₹1000.
(v) If Bindu takes food for 20 days, then what amount does she have to pay?
(a) ₹4000
(b) ₹3500
(c) ₹3600
(d) ₹3800
Answer:(d)
Solution:
We have, x = 1000, y = 140 and Bindu takes food for 20 days.
Amount that Bindu has to pay
𝑥 + 20𝑦 = (1000 + 20 × 140) = ₹
3800
2. Ticket Counter on Bus Stand
rom Bengaluru bus stand, if Riddhima buys 2 tickets to Malleswaram and 3 tickets to
F
Yeswanthpur, then the total cost is 46; but if she buys 3 tickets to Malleswaram and 5 tickets
to Yeswanthpur, then the total cost is 74.
onsider the fares from Bengaluru to Malleswaram and that to Yeswanthpur as x and y
C
respectively and answer the following questions.
(i) 1st situation can be represented algebraically as
(a)2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 74
(b)2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 74
(c)2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 46
(d)2𝑥 + 3𝑦
= 46
Answer:(d)
Solution:
st situation can be representedalgebraically
1
as
2𝑥 + 3𝑦
= 46
(ii) 2nd situation can be represented algebraically as
(a) 5x+3y=74
(b) 5x-3y=74
(c) 3x + 5y = 74
(d) 3x-5y=74
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
2nd situation can be represented algebraically as3𝑥 + 5𝑦
= 74
(iii) Fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram is
(a) ₹6
(b) ₹8
(c) ₹10
(d) ₹2
Answer:(b)
Solution:
We have,2𝑥 + 3𝑦
= 46…………………(i)
= 74…………………………….(ii)
3𝑥 + 5𝑦
Multiplying (i) by 5 and (ii) by 3 and then subtracting, we get
10 × 9𝑥 = 230 − 222
𝑥 = ₹8
Fare from Bengaluru to Malleswaram is 8.
(iv) Fare from Bengaluru to Yeswanthpur is
(a) ₹10
(b) ₹12
(c) ₹14
(d) ₹16
Answer:(a)
Solution:
Putting the value of x in equation (i), we get
3𝑦 = 46 − 2×8 = 30⇒𝑦
= 10
Fare from Bengaluru to Yeswanthpur is ₹10.
(v) The system of linear equations represented by both situations has
(a) infinitely many solutions
(b) unique solution
(c) no solution
(d) none of these
Answer:(b)
Solution:
e have, a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, c₁ = -46 and
W
a2 = 3, b2 = 5, C2 = -74
𝑎1 𝑏
2 𝑐 1
3 −46 3
2
𝑎2
= , 1
3 𝑏2
= ,
5 𝑐2
= −74
= 37
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
Thus system of linear equations has unique solution.
3. Book Store
rom a shop, Sudhir bought 2 books of Mathematics and 3 books of Physics of class X for
F
850 and Suman bought 3 books of Mathematics and 2 books of Physics of class X for₹900.
Consider the price of one Mathematics book and that of one Physics book be x and y
respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Represent the situation faced by Sudhir, algebraically.
(a) 2x + 3y = 850
(b) 3x + 2y = 850
(c) 2x-3y=850
(d) 3x-2y=850
Answer:(b)
Solution:
ituation faced by Sudhir can be
S
represented algebraically as
2𝑥 + 3𝑦
= 850
(ii) Represent the situation faced by Suman, algebraically.
(a) 2x + 3y = 90
(b) 3x+2y=900
(c) 2x-3y = 900
(d) 3x - 2y = 900
Answer:(b)
Solution:
Situation faced by Suman can be represented algebraically as
3𝑥 + 2𝑦
= 900
(iii) The price of one Physics book is
(a) ₹80
(b) ₹100
(c) ₹150
(d) ₹200
Answer:(c)
Solution:
We have2𝑥 + 3𝑦
= 850……………...(i)
and3𝑥 + 2𝑦
= 900…………………..(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and subtracting, we get
5𝑦 = 750
𝑦 = 150
Thus, price of one Physics book is ₹150.
(iv) The price of one Mathematics book is
(a) ₹80
(b) ₹100
(c) ₹150
(d) ₹200
Answer:(d)
olution:
S
From equation (i) we have,
2𝑥 + 3×150 = 850
⇒2𝑥
= 850 − 450 = 400
⇒𝑥 = 2
00
Hence, cost of one Mathematics book = ₹200
(v) The system of linear equations represented by the above situation, has
(a) unique solution
(b) no solution
(c) infinitely many solutions
(d) none of these
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
From above, we have
a₁ = 2, b₁ = 3, C₁ = -850
and
a₂ = 3, b2 = 2, C2 = - 900
𝑎1 𝑏
2 1 𝑐 1
3 −850 7
1
𝑎2
= ,
3 𝑏2
= ,
2 𝑐2
= −900
= 18
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
𝑎2
≠ 𝑏2
≠ 𝑐2
Thus system of linear equations has unique solution.
Chapter 4
Quadratic Equations
1. Nature of Roots
quadratic equation can be defined as an equation of degree 2. This means that the highest
A
exponent of the polynomial in it is 2. The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax² + bx +
c = 0, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a≠0. Every quadratic equation has two roots
depending on the nature of its discriminant, D = b² - 4ac. Based on the above information,
answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following quadratic equations have no real roots?
(a) -4x²+7x-4=0
(b) -4x²+7x-2=0
(c) -2x²+5x-2=0
(d) 3x²+6x+2=0
Answer:(a)
Solution:
To have no real roots, discriminant
2
(𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎
𝑐)𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑏𝑒 < 0
2
(𝑎)𝐷 = 7 − 4(− 4) (− 4) = 49 − 64 = − 15 < 0
2
(𝑏)𝐷 = 7 − 4( − 4) (− 2) = 4
932 = 1
7 > 0
2
(𝑐)𝐷 = 5 − 4(− 2) (− 2) = 25 − 16 = 9 > 0
2
(𝑑)𝐷
= 6 − 4( 3) (2) = 36 − 24 = 1
2 > 0
(ii) Which of the following quadratic equations have rational roots?
(a) x²+x-1=0
(b) x²-5x+6=0
(c) 4x²-3x-2=0
(d) 6x2- x+11=0
Answer:(b)
Solution:
2
o have rational roots, discriminant(𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎
T 𝑐)
should be > 0 and also a perfect square.
(iii) Which of the following quadratic equations have irrational roots?
(a) 3x²+2x+2=0
(b) 4x2- 7x+3=0
(c) 6x2-3x-5=0
(d) 2x2+
3x-2=0
Answer:(c)
Solution:
2
To have irrational roots, discriminant(𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎
𝑐) should be > 0 but not a perfect square.
2
(a)𝐷 = 2 − 4( 3)(2) = 4 − 24 =− 20 < 0
2
(b)𝐷 = ( − 7) − 4( 4) (3) = 49 − 48 = 1 > 0
𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑙𝑠𝑜𝑎
𝑝
𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒.
2
(c)𝐷 = (− 3) − 4( 6) (− 5) = 9
+ 1
20 = 129 > 0𝑎
𝑛𝑑𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒.
2
(d)𝐷 = 3
− 4( 2) (− 2) = 9 + 16 = 25 > 0𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎
𝑙𝑠𝑜𝑎
𝑝
𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒.
(iv) Which of the following quadratic equations have equal roots?
(a) x²-3x+4=0
(b) 2x²-2x+1=0
(c) 5x2-10x + 1 = 0
(d) 9x² + 6x + 1 = 0
Answer:(d)
Solution:
2
To have equa lroots, discriminant(𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎
𝑐) should be = 0
2
(a)𝐷 = (− 3) − 4(1) (4) = 9 − 16 = − 7 < 0
2
(b)𝐷 = ( − 2) − 4( 2) (1) = 4 − 8 = − 4 < 0
2
(c)𝐷 = (− 10) − 4(5) (1) = 100 − 20 = 80 > 0
2
(d)𝐷 = 6
− 4(9) (1) = 36 − 3
6 = 0
(v) Which of the following quadratic equations has two distinct real roots?
(a) x2+
3x+1=0
2
(b) -x +3x-3=0
(c) 4x²+8x+4=0
(d) 3x²+6x+4=0
Answer:(c)
Solution:
2
To have two distinct real roots, discriminant(𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎
𝑐) should be > 0.
2
(a)𝐷 = 3 − 4(1)(1) = 9 − 4 = 5 > 0
2
(b)𝐷 = 3 − 4(− 1)(− 3) = 9–12 = − 3 < 0
2
(c)𝐷 = 8 − 4(4)(4) = 64–64 = 0
2
(d)𝐷 = 6 − 4(3)(4) = 36–48 =− 12 < 0
2. Quadratic in Day-to-Day Life
In our daily lives, we use quadratic formulas as for calculating areas, determining a product's
profit or formulating the speed of an object, and many more.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the roots of the quadratic equation are 2, -3, then its equation is
(a) x²-2x+3=0
(b) x²+x-6=0
(c) 2x²-3x + 1 = 0
(d) x²-6x-1=0
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
Roots of the quadratic equation are 2 and -3.
The required quadratic equation is
(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 3 ) = 0
⇒𝑥² + 𝑥
− 6
= 0
(ii) If one root of the quadratic equation 2x² + kx + 1 = 0 is -1/2, then k=
(a) 3
(b) -5
(c) -3
(d) 5
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
We have,2𝑥² + 𝑘𝑥 + 1 = 0 Since, -1/2 is the root of the equation,
so it will satisfy the given equation.
2
(
2 − )
1
2 (
+ 𝑘 − 2 ) + 1 = 0
1
1 𝑘
2 × 4
− 2 + 1 = 0
1 𝑘
2
− 2
+ 1 = 0
− 𝑘
1 + 2 = 0
𝑘 = 3
(iii) Which of the following quadratic equations, has equal and opposite roots?
(a) x²-4=0
(b) 16x2-9=0
(c) 3x²+5x-5=0
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:(d)
olution:
S
If the roots of the quadratic equations are opposites to each other,
then coefficient of x (sum of roots) is 0.
So, both (a) and (b) have the coefficient of x = 0.
2
(iv) Which of the following quadratic equations can be represented(𝑥 − 2) + 19 = 0 ?
(a) x² + 4x + 15 = 0
(b) x²-4x + 15 = 0
(c) x²-4x + 23 = 0
(d) x² + 4x + 23 = 0
Answer:(c)
Solution:
2
he given equation is(𝑥 − 2) + 19 = 0
T
𝑥² − 4𝑥 + 4 + 19 = 0
𝑥² − 4𝑥
+ 23 = 0
1+ 5
(v) If one root of a quadratic equation is 7
, then its other root is
1+ 5
(a) 7
1− 5
(b) 7
−1+
5
(c) 7
−1−
5
(d) 7
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
If one root of a quadratic equation is irrational,
then its other root is also irrational and also its conjugate
i.e., if one root is𝑝 + 𝑞, then its other rootis𝑝 − 𝑞.
3. Formation of Quadratic Equation
uadratic equations started around 3000 B.C. with the Babylonians. They were one of the
Q
world's first civilizations and came up with some great ideas like agriculture, irrigation, and
writing. There were many reasons why Babylonians needed to solve quadratic equations.
For example to know what amount of crop you can grow on
the square field.
Based on the above information, represent the following questions in the form of a quadratic
equation.
(i) The sum of squares of two consecutive integers is 650.
(a) x²+2x-650 = 0
(b) 2x²+2x-649 = 0
(c) x²-2x-650 = 0
(d) 2x²+ 6x-550 = 0
Answer:(b)
Solution:
𝑒𝑡𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑏𝑒𝑥, 𝑥
𝐿 + 1
.
Given,𝑥² + (𝑥 + 1) ² = 650
2𝑥² + 2𝑥 + 1 − 650 = 0
2𝑥² + 2𝑥
− 649 = 0
3
(ii) The sum of two numbers is 15 and the sum of their reciprocals is10 .
( a) x²+10x-150 = 0
(b) 15x2-x+150 = 0
(c) x²-15x+50=0
(d) 3x² - 10x + 15 = 0
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Let the two numbers be x and 15 - x.
Given,
1 1 3
𝑥
+ 15−𝑥
= 10
0(15 − 𝑥 + 𝑥
1 ) = 3𝑥
( 15 − 𝑥)
150 = 3 𝑥
( 15 − 𝑥 )
50 = 15𝑥 − 𝑥²
𝑥² − 15𝑥 + 5 0 = 0
(iii) Two numbers differ by 3 and their product is 504.
(a) 3x2- 504=0
(b) x²-504x+3=0
(c) 504x²+ 3 = x
(d) x2+
3x-504 = 0
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Let the numbers be𝑥 and𝑥 + 3.
Given,𝑥(𝑥 + 3) = 5 04
𝑥² + 3𝑥
− 504 = 0
(iv ) A natural number whose square diminished by 84 is thrice of 8 more of a given number.
(a) x²+ 8x-84 = 0
(b) 3x²-84x+3=0
(c) x²-3x-108 = 0
(d) x²-11x + 60 = 0
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Let the number be x.
According to question,𝑥² − 8 4 = 3
(𝑥 + 8
)
𝑥² − 84 = 3𝑥
+ 2
4
𝑥² − 3𝑥
− 108 = 0
(v) A natural number when increased by 12, equals 160 times its reciprocal.
(a) x²-12x+160 = 0
(b) x²-160x + 12 = 0
(c) 12x2- x-160=0
(d) x²+ 12x - 160 = 0
Answer:(d)
olution:
S
Let the number be x.
1
According to question,𝑥 + 12 = 160 × 𝑥
𝑥² + 12𝑥 − 160 = 0
hapter 5
C
Arithmetic Progression
1. Pathology Lab
In a pathology lab, a culture test has been conducted. In the test, the number of bacteria
taken into consideration in various samples is all 3-digit numbers that are divisible by 7,
taken in order.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) How many bacteria are considered in the fifth sample?
(a) 126
(b) 140
(c) 133
(d) 149
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Here the smallest 3-digit number divisible by 7 is 105.
So, the number of bacteria taken into consideration is 105, 112, 119, ...., 994
So, first term (a) = 105, d = 7 and last term = 994
𝑡5 = 𝑎 + 4𝑑
= 105 + 28 = 133
(ii) How many samples should be taken into consideration?
(a) 129
(b) 128
(c) 130
(d) 127
Answer:(b)
Solution:
et n samples be taken under consideration.
L
∴ Last term = 994
𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 = 994
105 + (𝑛 − 1) 7 = 994
⇒ n = 128
(iii) Find the total number of bacteria in the first 10 samples.
(a) 1365
(b) 1335
(c) 1302
( d) 1540
nswer:(a)
A
Solution:
Total number of bacteria in first 10 samples
𝑛
𝑠𝑛 = 2
[2𝑎
+ (𝑛 − 1)
𝑑]
10
𝑠10 = 2
[2 × 105 + (10 − 1)7]
𝑠10 = 1365
(iv) How many bacteria are there in the 7th sample from the last?
(a) 952
(b) 945
(c) 959
(d) 966
Answer:(a)
Solution:
𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ
𝑡7 𝑓
𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑑 = ( 128 − 7
+ 1) 𝑡 𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1
22 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑡122 = 105 + 1
21(7) = 952
(v) The number of bacteria in the 50th sample is
(a) 546
(b) 553
(c) 448
(d) 496
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
𝑡50 = 105 + 49×7 = 4
48
2. Discussion on A.P.
In a class the teacher asks every student to write an example of A.P. Two friends Geeta and
Madhuri write their progressions as -5, -2, 1, 4, ... and 187, 184, 181, respectively. Now, the
teacher asks various students of the class the following questions on these two
progressions. Help students to find the answers of the questions.
(i) Find the 34th term of the progression written by Madhuri.
(a) 286
(b) 88
(c) -99
(d) 190
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
Geeta's A.P. is -5, -2, 1, 4, ...
Here, first term (a₁) = -5 and common difference (d1)= -2 + 5 = 3
Similarly, Madhuri's A.P. is 187, 184, 181, ...
Here first term (a2) = 187 and common difference (d2) = 184 – 187 = -3
𝑡34 = 𝑎2 + 3
3𝑑2 = 187 + 3
3(− 3) = 8
8
(ii) Find the sum of the common difference between the two progressions.
(a) 6
(b) -6
(c) 1
(d) 0
Answer:(d)
olution:
S
Required sum = 3 + (-3) = 0
(iii) Find the 19th term of the progression written by Geeta.
(a) 49
(b) 59
(c) 52
(d) 62
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
𝑡19 = 𝑎1 + 1
8𝑑₁ = (− 5) + 1
8(3) = 49
(iv) Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the progression written by Geeta.
(a) 85
(b) 95
(c) 110
(d) 200
Answer:(a)
Solution:
𝑠10 =
10
2 [2𝑎 1 + (10 − 1) 𝑑1]
𝑠10 = 5[ 2 × (− 5) + 9 × 3]
𝑠10 = 85
(v) Which term of the two progressions will have the same value?
(a) 31
(b) 33
(c) 32
(d) 30
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
Let th terms of the two A.P's be equal.
− 5 + (𝑛 − 1) 3 = 187 + (𝑛 − 1) (− 3)
⇒6(𝑛 − 1) = 192
⇒𝑛 = 33
3. Shoe Shop
eena's mother started a new shoe shop. To display the shoes, she put 3 pairs of shoes in
M
the 1st row, 5 pairs in the 2nd row, 7 pairs in the 3rd row, and so on.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If she puts a total of 120 pairs of shoes, then the number of rows required are
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 10
Answer:(d)
olution:
S
Number of pairs of shoes in 1st, 2nd, 3rd row,.............. are 3, 5, 7, …
So, it forms an A.P. with first term𝑎 = 3
, 𝑑 = 5 − 3 = 2
Let n be the number of rows required.
𝑠𝑛 = 120
𝑛
2
[2 × 3 + (𝑛 − 1)
2] = 120
² + 2𝑛
𝑛 − 120 = 0
𝑛² + 12𝑛 − 10𝑛 − 120 = 0
(𝑛 + 12)(𝑛 − 10) = 0
⇒𝑛 = 10
𝑆𝑜, 10𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑡𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑡120𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠
(ii) The difference between pairs of shoes in the 17th row and 10th row is
(a) 7
(b) 14
(c) 21
(d) 28
Answer:(b)
olution:
S
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛17𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑤 = 𝑡 17 = 3 + 1
6(2) = 35
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛10𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑤 = 𝑡 10 = 3
+ 9( 2) = 21
∴𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑑
𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 3
5 − 2
1 = 14
(iii) On next day, she arranges x pairs of shoes in 15 rows, then x =
(a) 21
(b) 26
(c) 31
(d) 42
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
Here n = 15
∴𝑡15 = 3 + 14(2) = 3 + 28 = 31
(iv) Find the pairs of shoes in the 30th row.
(a) 61
(b) 67
(c) 56
(d) 59
Answer:(a)
olution:
S
No. of pairs in 30th row= 𝑡30 = 3 + 29(2) = 61
(v) The total number of pairs of shoes in the 5th and 8th rows is
(a) 7
(b) 14
(c) 28
(d) 56
Answer:(c)
olution:
S
No. of pairs in 5th row= 𝑡5 = 3 + 4( 2) = 1
1
No. of pairs in 8th row= 𝑡8 = 3 + 7( 2) = 17
∴𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 11 + 17 = 28
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