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ADM Assignment

This document is an assignment response about Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) and human factors in aviation. It discusses that ADM is a methodical approach for pilots to determine the best course of action given a set of conditions, and involves perceiving information, processing it, and then performing an action. The 3-P model is introduced. Human factors considers how humans can best interact with technology in aviation, and examples of roles and an accident caused by human factors are provided.

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Sharjeel Rafaqat
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74 views4 pages

ADM Assignment

This document is an assignment response about Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) and human factors in aviation. It discusses that ADM is a methodical approach for pilots to determine the best course of action given a set of conditions, and involves perceiving information, processing it, and then performing an action. The 3-P model is introduced. Human factors considers how humans can best interact with technology in aviation, and examples of roles and an accident caused by human factors are provided.

Uploaded by

Sharjeel Rafaqat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Aeronautical

Decision
Making
Name: Sharjeel Rafaqat

Roll No: 205219

Assignment No: 01

Subject: Aeronautical Decision Making

Submitted To: Sir Saeed


Q1. What is ADM and discuss its background, application in aviation?

What is ADM?

Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) is decision-making in the context of aviation. It is a methodical


approach to pilots' mental processes for consistently determining the optimal course of action in response
to a particular set of conditions.

Many general and commercial aviation mishaps are caused by pilots' inability to make educated decisions.
It might be a rejection of a perceived risk, a desire to fly in situations beyond a pilot's competence, or a
lack of knowledge to make an educated decision about that trip. ADM provides a methodical approach to
pilots' cognitive processes in order to continuously determine the best course of action in response to a
specific set of conditions. In other words, ADM is what pilots anticipate doing based on the most recent
information.
From preflight until tie-down, ADM is a continuous procedure. Pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight
ADM are the three primary categories. Each has a distinct set of considerations. Recognize that good risk
management involves much reflection, patience, and practice.

3-P Modele
The FAA established the 3-P Model to assist pilots in effectively using ADM principles (Perceive,
Process, Perform). This three-step procedure provides a straightforward, methodical approach to
completing each ADM job throughout all phases of flight.

• Perceive: This entails acquiring all pertinent information about your flight. This helps you to gain
an understanding of the mission and the environment in which it will be flown. This procedure
starts during preflight and continues during the flight.

• Process: Analyzing the information you collect, assess its influence on flight safety, and decide
on the best course of action. This analysis will continue during the journey whenever fresh
information is received.

• Perform: Deliver by taking the best course of action. Performance outcomes are transformed into
data that may be viewed and examined. Pilots will determine whether to continue with the activity
or make a change based on the outcomes.
The ADM Process
A few key factors to consider while working through the ADM process are the ability to:

• Recognize when a change has occurred (or has not occurred)


• Be honest with yourself and your ability
• Set personal minimums
• Resist external pressures (perceived saving time/money)
• Prepare an alternative
• Continuously evaluate the outcome

Resources:
https://www.faasafety.gov/gslac/ALC/course_content.aspx?cID=28&sID=108&preview=true
Q2. What is human factor and what is its implications in aviation industry? give
examples?
The expression "human factors" has increased in popularity as the air transport sector has discovered that
most aircraft accidents and incidents are caused by human mistake rather than technical breakdown.
Human factors is frequently used interchangeably with crew resource management (CRM) or
maintenance resource management (MRM) (MRM). However, it has a considerably greater knowledge
base and reach. Gathering knowledge on human skills, limits, and other traits and applying it to
machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and settings to generate safe, pleasant, and successful human usage
is what human factors is all about. Human factors in aviation is concerned with better understanding
how humans may be integrated with technology in the most safe and efficient way possible. That
comprehension is then turned into design, training, policy, or processes to improve human performance.
Examples of individuals and groups interacting in the aviation environment include:

• Pilots
• Air Traffic Controllers
• Airline Passengers
• Mechanics and Machinists
• Flight Attendants
• Baggage Handlers
• Aviation Security
• Airline Dispatchers
Despite rapid technological advancements, humans are ultimately accountable for the aviation industry's
performance and reliability. Industry can no longer rely on experience and intuition to drive human
performance decisions. Instead, a solid scientific foundation is required for understanding the
consequences of human performance in design, training, and operations.

Example:
Consider the disaster of Southwest Airlines Flight 1455. Southwest Airlines Flight 1455 flew from Las
Vegas to Burbank, California on March 5, 2000. During the landing approach, cockpit warning lights
informed the captain and first officer that the flying speed and angle of descent were significantly beyond
the glide path. These warnings went unheeded. As a consequence, the jet flew over the runway, smashed
through a fence and a wall, and came to rest in a residential area—a close call with gas station pumps.
This is a perfect illustration of how various human variables may combine to make an already perilous
situation much more lethal.

Resources:
https://www.casa.gov.au/operations-safety-and-travel/safety-advice/human-factors
https://www.aviationhunt.com/human-factors-in-aviation/

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