CHAPTER – 10

CONGRUENT TRIANGLES
Exercise 10.1
Page number 10.15

Question 1: In figure, the sides BA and CA have been produced such

that BA = AD and CA = AE. Prove that segment DE ∥ BC.

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Solution:
Sides BA and CA have been produced such that BA = AD and CA = AE.
To prove: DE ∥ BC
Consider △ BAC and △DAE,
BA = AD and CA = AE (Given)
∠BAC = ∠DAE (vertically opposite angles)
By SAS congruence criterion, we have
△ BAC ≃ △ DAE
We know, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal
So, BC = DE and ∠DEA = ∠BCA, ∠EDA = ∠CBA
Now, DE and BC are two lines intersected by a transversal DB s.t.
∠DEA = ∠BCA (alternate angles are equal)
Therefore, DE ∥ BC. Proved.

Question 2: In a PQR, if PQ = QR and L, M and N are the mid-points

of the sides PQ, QR and RP respectively. Prove that LN = MN.

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Solution:

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Draw a figure based on given instruction,

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In △PQR, PQ = QR and L, M, N are midpoints of the sides PQ, QP and

RP respectively (Given)
To prove: LN = MN
As two sides of the triangle are equal, so △ PQR is an isosceles triangle
PQ = QR and ∠QPR = ∠QRP ……. (i)
Also, L and M are midpoints of PQ and QR respectively
QR
PL = LQ = QM = MR =
2

Now, consider Δ LPN and Δ MRN,

LP = MR
∠LPN = ∠MRN [From (i)]
∠QPR = ∠LPN and ∠QRP = ∠MRN

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PN = NR [N is midpoint of PR]

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By SAS congruence criterion,
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Δ LPN ≃ Δ MRN
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We know, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal.
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So LN = MN
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Proved.
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Question 3: Prove that the medians of an equilateral triangle are

equal.
Solution:
Consider an equilateral △ABC, and Let D, E, F are midpoints of BC, CA
and AB.
Here, AD, BE and CF are medians of △ABC.
Now,
D is midpoint of BC ⇒ BD = DC
Similarly, CE = EA and AF = FB
Since ΔABC is an equilateral triangle
AB = BC = CA …... (i)
……(ii)

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BD = DC = CE = EA = AF = FB

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And also, ∠ ABC = ∠ BCA = ∠ CAB = 60° …… (iii)
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Consider Δ ABD and Δ BCE
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AB = BC [From (i)]

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BD = CE [From (ii)]
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∠ABD = ∠BCE [From (iii)]

By SAS congruence criterion,
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Δ ABD ≃ Δ BCE
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⇒ AD = BE ……. (iv)
[Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal in measure]
Now, consider Δ BCE and Δ CAF,
BC = CA [From (i)]
∠BCE = ∠CAF [From (ii)]
CE = AF [From (ii)]
By SAS congruence criterion,
Δ BCE ≃ Δ CAF
⇒ BE = CF ……… (v)
[Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
From (iv) and (v), we have
AD = BE = CF
Median AD = Median BE = Median CF
The medians of an equilateral triangle are equal.
Hence proved

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Question 4: In a Δ ABC, if ∠A = 120° and AB = AC. Find ∠B and ∠C.
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Solution:
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To find: ∠ B and ∠ C.
Here, Δ ABC is an isosceles triangle since AB = AC
∠B=∠C ……… (i)
[Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]
We know, sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
∠A + ∠B + ∠B = 180° (using (i)
1200 + 2∠B = 1800
2∠B = 1800 – 1200 = 600
 ∠ B = 30o
Therefore, ∠ B = ∠ C = 30∘

Question 5: In a Δ ABC, if AB = AC and ∠B = 70°, find ∠A.

Solution:
Given: In a Δ ABC, AB = AC and ∠B = 70°
∠B = ∠C

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[Angles opposite to equal sides are equal]

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Therefore, ∠B = ∠C = 70∘
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Sum of angles in a triangle = 180∘
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∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180o

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∠A + 70o + 70o = 180o

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∠A = 180o – 140o
∠A = 40o
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Question 6: The vertical angle of an isosceles triangle is 100°. Find its

base angles.
Solution:
Suppose in the isosceles triangle ΔABC it is given that ∠𝐴 = 100°
We have to find the base angle.

Now vertical angle ∠𝐴 = 100° (given)

And AB = AC
Since AB = AC then ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
Now
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° (By property of triangle)
So
100° + 2∠𝐵 = 180°
2∠𝐵 = 180° − 100°

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2∠𝐵 = 80°
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∠𝐵 = 40°
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Hence the base angle is ∠𝐵 = 40°.

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Question 7: In the given figure, AB = AC and ∠ACD = 105°, find

∠BAC.
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Solution:
It is given that
AB = AC
∠ACD = 105°
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We have to find ∠BAC.

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∠𝐶 = ∠𝐵
NO A D (Isosceles triangle)

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Now

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∠𝐵 = 180° − 105°
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Since exterior angle of isosceles triangle is the sum of two internal base
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angles
∠𝐵 = 75°
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Now
∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 75°
So, ∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° (By property of triangle)
∠𝐴 + 75° + 75° = 180°
∠𝐴 = 180° − 150°
∠𝐴 = 30°
Hence ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 = 30°.

Question 8: Find the measure of each exterior angle of an equilateral

triangle.
Solution:
We have to find the measure of each exterior angle of an equilateral
triangle.

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It is given that the triangle is equilateral

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So, AB = BC = AC and

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∠𝐴 = ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
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Since triangle is equilateral
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So,
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∠𝐴 = 60°
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∠𝐵 = 60°
∠𝐶 = 60°
Now we have to find the exterior angle.
As we know that exterior angle of the triangle is sum of two interior angles
Thus
Exterior angle = 60° + 60°
= 120°
Hence each exterior angle is 120°.
Question 9: If the base of an isosceles triangle is produced on both
sides, prove that the exterior angles so formed are equal to each other.
Solution:
It is given that the base of an isosceles triangle is produced on both sides.

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We have to prove that the exterior angles so formed are equal to each

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other.
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That is we need to show that ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∆𝐴𝐶𝐸
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Let the ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is isosceles having base BC and equal sides AB and AC
Then, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐶 and ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
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⇒ ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 (Isosceles triangles)
Now
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 − ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 180° .........(1)
And,
∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 − ∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 180° .......(2)
Thus
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 180° − ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 180° − ∠𝐵 ........(3)
Now from equation (2)
∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 180° − ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
∠𝐴𝐶𝐸 = 180° − ∠𝐶 .........(4)
Since ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶
Hence from equation (3) and (4)
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = 𝐴𝐶𝐸

Question 10: In the given figure, AB = AC and DB = DC, find the

ratio ∠ABD: ∠ACD.

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Solution:
It is given that
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AB = AC
DB = DC
We have to find the ratio ∠ABD: ∠ACD.

Since AB = AC
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵
And DB = DC
⇒ ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐷𝐶𝐵
So we have,
∠𝐴𝐵𝐶 − ∠𝐷𝐵𝐶 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 − ∠𝐷𝐶𝐵
⇒ ∠𝐴𝐵𝐷 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷
So
∠𝐴𝐵𝐷

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=1
∠𝐴𝐶𝐷

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Hence ∠ABD: ∠ACD = 1.
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Question 11: Determine the measure of each of the equal angles of a
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right-angled isosceles triangle.

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OR
ABC is a right-angled triangle in which ∠A = 90° and AB = AC. Find
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∠B and ∠C.
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Solution:
It is given that
ABC Is right angled triangle
And
∠A = 90°
AB = AC
We have to find ∠B and ∠C
Since AB = AC
∠B = ∠C (Isosceles triangle)
Now
∠𝐴 + ∠𝐵 + ∠𝐶 = 180° (Property of triangle)
⇒ 90° + 2∠𝐵 = 180° (∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶)
⇒ 2∠𝐵 = 90°
⇒ ∠𝐵 = 45°
So ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐶 = 45°

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Hence

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∠𝐵 = 45°
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∠𝐶 = 45°
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Question 12: In figure, PQRS is a square and SRT is an equilateral

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triangle. Prove that

(i) PT = QT (ii) ∠ TQR = 150
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Solution:
Given: PQRS is a square and SRT is an equilateral triangle.
To prove:
(i) PT =QT and (ii) ∠ TQR =15°
Now,
PQRS is a square:
PQ = QR = RS = SP …… (i)
And ∠ SPQ = ∠ PQR = ∠ QRS = ∠ RSP = 90o
Also, △ SRT is an equilateral triangle:
……. (ii)

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SR = RT = TS

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And ∠ TSR = ∠ SRT = ∠ RTS = 60°
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From (i) and (ii)
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PQ = QR = SP = SR = RT = TS ……(iii)

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From figure,
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∠TSP = ∠TSR + ∠ RSP = 60° + 90° = 150° and

∠TRQ = ∠TRS + ∠ SRQ = 60° + 90° = 150°
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…… (iv)
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⇒ ∠ TSR = ∠ TRQ = 1500

By SAS congruence criterion, Δ TSP ≃ Δ TRQ
We know, corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal
So, PT = QT
Proved part (i).
Now, consider Δ TQR.
QR = TR [From (iii)]
Δ TQR is an isosceles triangle.
∠QTR = ∠TQR [angles opposite to equal sides]
Sum of angles in a triangle = 180∘
⇒ ∠QTR + ∠TQR + ∠TRQ = 180°
⇒ 2 ∠TQR + 150° = 180° [From (iv)]
⇒ 2 ∠TQR = 30°
⇒ ∠TQR = 150
Hence proved part (ii).

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Question 13: AB is a line segment. P and Q are points on opposite
sides of AB such that each of them is equidistant from the

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points A and B (See Figure). Show that the line PQ is perpendicular

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bisector of AB.
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Solution:
It is given that
P and Q are equidistant from A and B that is
PA = PB, and AQ = QB
We are asked to show that line PO is perpendicular bisector of line AB.
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First of all, we will show that ΔAQP and ΔQBP are congruent to each

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other and ultimately we get the result.

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Consider the triangles AQP and QBP in which
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𝐴𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃, 𝐴𝑄 = 𝐵𝑄, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑄
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So by SSS property we have

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∆𝐴𝑃𝑄 ≅ ∆𝐵𝑃𝑄
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Implies that ∠𝐴𝑃𝑄 = ∠𝐵𝑃𝑄

Now consider the triangles ΔAPC and ΔPCB in which
AP = PB
∠𝐴𝑃𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝑃𝐶
And PC = PC
So by SAS criterion we find that,
∆𝐴𝑃𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐵𝑃𝐶
So this implies that AC = BC and ∠𝐴𝐶𝑃 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝑃
But
∠𝐴𝐶𝑃 + ∠𝐵𝐶𝑃 = 180
2∠𝐴𝐶𝑃 = 180
∠𝐴𝐶𝑃 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝑃 = 90
Hence PQ is perpendicular bisector of AB.

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