Earth and Science
Earth and Science
Computer– an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program.
Internet– is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol
suite (TCIP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide.
Means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via
dedicated routers and servers.
Sometimes called simply ‘’the Net’’, is a worldwide system of computer networks- a
network of networks in which the users at any one computer can get information from any
other computer.
World Wide Web
An information system on the internet that allows documents to be connected to other
documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from
one document to another.
Is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by
URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
Invented by Tim-Berners Lee
Web Pages
Web page is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web. It is a document
that is suitable for the World Wide Web.
The different online platforms of World Wide Web:
1. Web 1.0 – refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of
the Web pages connected by hyperlinks.
2. Web 2.0 – is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic pages. The user is able to see a
website differently than others.
– Allows users to interact with the page; instead of just reading the page, the user may be able to
comment or create user account.
3. Web 3.0 – this platform is all about semantic web.
– Aims to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s preferences to be able to deliver
web content.
Static Web Page- is known as a flat page or stationary age in the sense that the page is ‘’as is’’
and cannot be manipulated by the user. The content is also the same for all users that is referred
to as Web 1.0
Dynamic Web Pages– web 2.0 is the evolution of web 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages. The
user is able to see website differently than others e.g. social networking sites, wikis, video sharing
sites.
FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
4. Folksonomy- allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen
keywords e.g. tagging by FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #, referred to as
hashtag.
5. Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input
6. User Participation- The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content.
Others are able to place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews and
evaluation e.g. Lazada, Amazon.
7. Long Tail– services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This
is synonymous to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you
spent in the internet.
8. Software as a services- users will be subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them e.g. Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spread sheet.
9. Mass Participation– diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web 2.0’s
content is based on people from various cultures.
TRENDS IN ICT
1. Convergence– is the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal or
task. For example, besides using your personal computer to create word documents, you can
now use your smartphone.
2. Social Media– is a website, application, or online channel that enables web users web users
to create , co-create, discuss modify, and exchange user generated content.
Six types of Social Media:
a)Social Networks – These are sites that allows you to connect with other people with the same
interests or background. Once the user creates his/her account, he/she can set up a profile, add
people, share content, etc
Example: Facebook and Google+
b)Bookmarking Sites – Sites that allow you to store and manage links to various website and
resources. Most of the sites allow you to create a tag to others.
Stumble Upon, Pinterest
c) Social News – Sites that allow users to post their own news items or links to other news
sources. The users can also comment on the post and comments may also be rank.
Ex. Reddit and Digg
d) Media Sharing – sites that allow you to upload and share media content like images, music
and video.
Ex. Flickr, YouTube and Instagram
e) Microblogging – focus on short updates from the user. Those that subscribed to the user will
be able to receive these updates.
Ex. Twitter and Plurk
f) Blogs and Forums – allow user to post their content. Other users are able to comment on the
said topic.
Ex. Blogger, WordPress and Tumblr
3. Mobile Technologies– The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over
the years. This is largely because of the devices capability to do the tasks that were originally
found in PCs. Several of these devices are capable of using a high-speed internet. Today the
latest model devices use 4G Networking (LTE), which is currently the fastest.
MOBILE OS
iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad
Android – an open source OS developed by Google. Being open source means mobile
phone companies use this OS for free.
Blackberry OS – use in blackberry devices
Windows phone OS – A closed source and proprietary operating system developed by
Microsoft.
Symbian – the original smartphone OS. Used by Nokia devices
WebOS- originally used in smartphone; now in smart TVs.
Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs
4. Assistive Media– is a non- profit service designed to help people who have visual and reading
impairments. A database of audio recordings is used to read to the user.
5. Yahoo!, Gmail, HotmailCloud computing-distributed computing on internet or delivery of
computing service over the internet.
INTERNET SAFETY- it refers to the online security or safety of people and their information
when using internet.
NETIQUETTE- is network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online communication.
Rule No. 1: Remember the human
You need to remember that you are talking to a real person when you are online.
The internet brings people together who would otherwise never meet.
Remember this saying when sending an email: Would I say this to the person’s face.
Rule No. 2: Adhere to the same standards online that you follow in real life.
You need to behave the same way online that you do in real life.
You need to remember that you can get caught doing things you should not be doing
online just like you can in real life.
You are still talking to a real person with feelings even though you can’t see them.
Rule no. 3: Know where you are in cyberspace.
Always take a look around when you enter a new domain when surfing the web.
Get a sense of what the discussion group is about before you join it.
Rule no. 4: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.
Remember people have other things to do besides read your email. You are not the center
of their world.
Keep your post and emails to minimum by saying what you want to say.
Remember everyone won’t answer your questions.
Rule no. 5: Make yourself look good online.
Be polite and pleasant to everyone.
Always check your spelling and grammar before posting.
Know what you are talking about and make sense saying it.
Rule no. 6: Share expert knowledge
Ask questions online
Share what you know online.
Post the answers to your questions online because someone may have the same question
you do.
Rule no. 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Netiquette does not forgive flaming.
Netiquette does however forbid people who are flaming to hurt discussion groups by
putting the group down.
Rule no. 8: Respect other people’s privacy.
Do not read other people’s mail without their permission.
Going through other people’s things could cost you, your job or you could even go to jail.
Not respecting other people’s privacy is bad netiquette.
Rule no. 9: Don’t abuse your power.
Do not take advantage of other people just because you have more knowledge or power
than them.
Treat others as you would want them to treat you if the roles were reversed.
Rule no. 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes.
Do not point out mistakes to people online.
Remember that you were once the new kid on the block.
You still need to have good manners even though you are online and cannot see the
person face to face.