LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ICT

ICT– Information and Communication-

• It deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones, telephone, Internet to
locate, save, send and edit information
• Is a study of computers as data processing tools. It introduces students to the fundamental of using computer
systems in an internet environment.

ICT in the Philippines

• Philippines is dub as the ‘’ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge growth of ICT-related jobs, one of which is
BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.
• ICT Department in the Philippines is responsible for the planning, development and promotion of the
country’s information and communications technology (ICT) agenda in support of national development.

Computer– an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it
in a variable program.
Internet– is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol suite (TCIP/IP) to link
billions of devices worldwide.
• Means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and
servers.
• Sometimes called simply ‘’the Net’’, is a worldwide system of computer networks- a network of networks in
which the users at any one computer can get information from any other computer.
 World Wide Web
• An information system on the internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by
hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.
• Is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by
hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
• Invented by Tim-Berners Lee

Web Pages
• Web page is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web. It is a document that is suitable for the
World Wide Web.
The different online platforms of World Wide Web:
1. Web 1.0 – refers to the first stage in the World Wide Web, which was entirely made up of the Web pages
connected by hyperlinks.
2. Web 2.0 – is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic pages. The user is able to see a website differently
than others.
– Allows users to interact with the page; instead of just reading the page, the user may be able to comment or create user
account.

3. Web 3.0 – this platform is all about semantic web.

– Aims to have machines (or servers) understand the user’s preferences to be able to deliver web content.

Static Web Page- is known as a flat page or stationary age in the sense that the page is ‘’as is’’ and cannot be manipulated
by the user. The content is also the same for all users that is referred to as Web 1.0

Dynamic Web Pages– web 2.0 is the evolution of web 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages. The user is able to see website
differently than others e.g. social networking sites, wikis, video sharing sites.
FEATURES OF WEB 2.0
1. Folksonomy- allows user to categorize and classify information using freely chosen keywords e.g. tagging by
FB, Twitter, use tags that start with the sign #, referred to as hashtag.
2. Rich User Experience – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input
3. User Participation- The owner of the website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are able to
place a content of their own by means of comments, reviews and evaluation e.g. Lazada, Amazon.
4. Long Tail– services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the internet.
5. Software as a services- users will be subscribe to a software only when needed rather than purchasing them
e.g. Google docs used to create and edit word processing and spread sheet.
6. Mass Participation– diverse information sharing through universal web access. Web 2.0’s content is based on
people from various cultures.
TRENDS IN ICT
 1. Convergence– is the synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal or task. For example,
besides using your personal computer to create word documents, you can now use your smartphone.

2. Social Media– is a website, application, or online channel that enables web users web users to create , co-
create, discuss modify, and exchange user generated content.

Six types of Social Media:

• Social Networks – These are sites that allows you to connect with other people with the same interests or
background. Once the user creates his/her account, he/she can set up a profile, add people, share content, etc
Example: Facebook and Google+

• Bookmarking Sites – Sites that allow you to store and manage links to various website and resources. Most of the
sites allow you to create a tag to others. (e.g: Stumble Upon, Pinterest)

c) Social News – Sites that allow users to post their own news items or links to other news sources. The users can also
comment on the post and comments may also be rank. Ex. Reddit and Digg
d) Media Sharing – sites that allow you to upload and share media content like images, music and video.
Ex. Flickr, YouTube and Instagram

e) Microblogging – focus on short updates from the user. Those that subscribed to the user will be able to receive these
updates. Ex. Twitter and Plurk

f) Blogs and Forums – allow user to post their content. Other users are able to comment on the said topic.
Ex. Blogger, WordPress and Tumblr

3. Mobile Technologies– The popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years. This
is largely because of the devices capability to do the tasks that were originally found in PCs. Several of these
devices are capable of using a high-speed internet. Today the latest model devices use 4G Networking (LTE),
 which is currently the fastest.

MOBILE OS
• iOS – use in apple devices such as iPhone and iPad
• Android – an open source OS developed by Google. Being open source means mobile phone companies use
this OS for free.
• Blackberry OS – use in blackberry devices
• Windows phone OS – A closed source and proprietary operating system developed by Microsoft.
• Symbian – the original smartphone OS. Used by Nokia devices
• WebOS- originally used in smartphone; now in smart TVs.
• Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs

4. Assistive Media– is a non- profit service designed to help people who have visual and reading impairments.

A database of audio recordings is used to read to the user.

5. e.g. Yahoo!, Gmail, HotmailCloud computing-distributed computing on internet or delivery of computing
service over the internet.

-Instead of running an e-mail program on your computer, you log in to a Web

e-mail account remotely. The software and storage for your account doesn’t exist

on your computer – it’s on the service’s computer cloud.

It has three components

1. Client computers – clients are the device that the end user interact with cloud.
2. Distributed Servers – Often servers are in geographically different places, but server acts as if they are
working next to each other.
3. Datacenters – It is collection of servers where application is placed and is accessed via Internet.

TYPES OF CLOUDS
PUBLIC CLOUD allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. Public cloud may be less secured
because of its openness, e.g. e-mail
PRIVATE CLOUD allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because
of its private nature.
COMMUNITY CLOUD allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations.
HYBRID CLOUD is a mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud
while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud.

LESSON 2: ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY AND RULES OF NETIQUETTE

INTERNET SAFETY- it refers to the online security or safety of people and their information when using internet.
NETIQUETTE- is network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online communication.

TEN RULES OF NETIQUETTE

Rule No. 1: Remember the human

• You need to remember that you are talking to a real person when you are online.
• The internet brings people together who would otherwise never meet.
• Remember this saying when sending an email: Would I say this to the person’s face.
Rule No. 2: Adhere to the same standards online that you follow in real life.

• You need to behave the same way online that you do in real life.
• You need to remember that you can get caught doing things you should not be doing online just like you
can in real life.
• You are still talking to a real person with feelings even though you can’t see them.
Rule no. 3: Know where you are in cyberspace.

• Always take a look around when you enter a new domain when surfing the web.
• Get a sense of what the discussion group is about before you join it.
Rule no. 4: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.

• Remember people have other things to do besides read your email. You are not the center of their world.
• Keep your post and emails to minimum by saying what you want to say.
• Remember everyone won’t answer your questions.
Rule no. 5: Make yourself look good online.

• Be polite and pleasant to everyone.

• Always check your spelling and grammar before posting.
• · Know what you are talking about and make sense saying it.
Rule no. 6: Share expert knowledge

• Ask questions online

• Share what you know online.
• Post the answers to your questions online because someone may have the same question you do.
Rule no. 7: Help keep flame wars under control

• Netiquette does not forgive flaming.

• Netiquette does however forbid people who are flaming to hurt discussion groups by putting the group down.
Rule no. 8: Respect other people’s privacy.

• Do not read other people’s mail without their permission.

• Going through other people’s things could cost you, your job or you could even go to jail.
 • Not respecting other people’s privacy is a bad netiquette.
Rule no. 9: Don’t abuse your power.

• Do not take advantage of other people just because you have more knowledge or power than them.
• Treat others as you would want them to treat you if the roles were reversed.
Rule no. 10: Be forgiving of other people’s mistake.

• Do not point out mistakes to people online.

• Remember that you were once the new kid on the block.
• You still need to have a good manner even though you are online and cannot see the person face to face.

Internet security
Security Requirement Triad

ConfidentIality
Data confidentiality
Privacy
• Integrity
Data integerity System integrity
• Availability
Threat Consequence Threat Action ( Attack)

Exposure: Sensitive data are directly released to an

unauthorized entity.
Interception: An unauthorized entity directly accesses
sensitive data traveling between authorized sources and
destinations.
Inference: A threat action whereby an unauthorized
entity indirectly accesses sensitive data by reasoning
Unauthorized Disclosure from characteristics or byproducts of communications.
A circumstance or event whereby an entity Intrusion: an unauthorized entity gains access to
gains access to data for which the entity is sensitive data by circumventing a system’s security
not authorized. protections.

Incapacitation: prevents or interrupts system operation

by disabling a system component.
Corruption: Undesirably alters system operation by
Disruption adversely modifying system functions or data.
A circumstances or even that interrupts or Obstruction: A threat action that interrupts delivery of
prevents the correct operation of system system services by hindering system operation.
services and functions. Masquerade: An unauthorized entity gains access to a
system or performs a malicious act by posing as an
Deception authorized entity.
A circumstance or event that may result in Falsification: False data deceive an authorized entity.
an authorized entity receiving false data Repudiation: An entity deceives another by falsely
and believing it to be true. denying responsibility for an act.
 Usurpation
A circumstances or event that results in Misappropriation: An entity assumes
control of system services or functions by unauthorized logical or physical control of a
an unauthorized entity. system resource.
Misuse: Causes a system component to perform a function or service that is detrimental to system security.
Types of System Intruders
• Masquerader
• Hackers
• Clandestine user

Parts of Virus
• Infection mechanism
• Trigger
• PayloaD
Virus stages
• Dormant phase Virus is idle.
• Propagation phase Virus places
an identical copy of itself into other programs or into certain system areas on t the disk.
• Triggering phase Virus is
activated to perform the function for which it was intended. Caused by a variety of
system events
• Execution phase Function
is performed
Key Terms
Cyber crime- a crime committed or assisted through the use of the Internet.
Privacy Policy/Terms of Services (ToS) – tells the user how the website will handle its data.
Malware- stands for malicious software.
Virus- a malicious program designed to transfer from one computer to another in any means possible.
Worms– a malicious program designed to replicate itself and transfer from one file folder to another and also transfer to other
computers.
Trojan-a malicious program designed that is disguised as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves your
PC unprotected and allows hacker to get your information.
Spyware– a program that runs in the background without you knowing it. It has the ability to monitor what you are currently
doing and typing through key logging.
Adware- a program designed to send you advertisement, mostly pop-ups.
Spam– unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers.
Phishing- acquires sensitive personal information like passwords and credits card details.
Pharming- a more complicated way of phishing where it exploits the DNS system.
Copyright- a part of law, wherein you have the rights to work, anyone who uses it w/o your consent is punishable by law.
Fair Use- means that an intellectual property may be used w/o consent as long as it is used in commentaries, criticism,
parodies, research and etc.
Keyloggers- used to record the keystrokes done by user. This is done to steal passwords or any other sensitive information.
Rogue security softwares– is a form of malicious software and internet fraud that misleads users into believing there is a
virus on their computer, and manipulates them into paying money for a fake malware removal tool.
Four search strategies
• Keyword searching
Enter terms to search
Use quotation marks to search as a phrase and keep the words linked together

Common words are ignored (That, to, which, a, the …)

+ and – can be used to include or exclude a word

• Boolean
AND – enter words connect with AND- it will include sites where both words and found
Uses: joining different topics (i.e. global warming AND California)

OR – requires at least one of the terms is found.

Uses: join similar or synonymous topics (i.e. global warming OR greenhouse effect)

NOT – searches for the first term and excludes sites that have the second term.
(i.e. Washington NOT school)

• Question
a question may be entered in the search field of search engine
• Advanced Features are offered on many engines by going to an “Advanced search” page and making
selections. Effective in narrowing search returns to a specific topic or phrase.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Types of Software

a. System Software – a program designed to run a computer's hardware and applications and manage its resources,
such as its memory, processors, and devices. (Utility, Firmware, Translators) usually attached to Operating System.
b. Application Software - is a type of computer program that performs a specific personal, educational, and business
function. (e.g.: Productivity Tools, Web Browsers, Editing Tools)

LESSON 3: Advanced Word Processing Skills

Lesson Discussion
In the professional world, sending out information to convey important information is vital. Because of ICT, things are now
sent much faster than the traditional newsletters or postal mail. You can now send much faster than the traditional
newsletters or postal mail. You can now use the Internet to send out information you need to share. What if we could still do
things much faster – an automated way of creating and sending uniform letters with different recipients? Would that not be
more convenient?

I. Mail Merge and Label Generation

A. Mail Merge
One of the important reasons in using computers per se is its ability to do recurring tasks automatically. But this ability
has to be honed by learning the characteristics and features of the software you use with your computer. After all, no matter
how good or advance your computer and software may be, it can only be as good as the person using it.

In this particular part of our lesson, we will learn one of the most powerful and commonly used features of Microsoft
Word called Mail Merge. As the name suggests, this feature allows you to create documents and combine or merge them
with another document or data file. It is commonly used when sending out advertising materials to various recipients.

The simplest solution for the scenario above is to create a document and just copy and paste it several times then
just replace the details depending on whom you send it to. But what if you have hundreds or thousands of recipients? Would
not that take too many hours? What if you have a small database of information where you can automatically generate
those letters?
Two Components of Mail Merge
1. Form Document
The first component of our mail merged document is the form document. It is generally the document that contains
the main body of the message we want to convey or send. The main body of the message is the part of the form document
that remains the same no matter whom you send it to from among your list.

Also included in the form document is what we call place holders, also referred to as data fields or merge fields. This
marks the position on your form document where individual data or information will be inserted. From our sample document,
the place holders are denoted or marked by the text with double-headed arrows (<< >>) on each side and with a gray
background. On a printed standard form, this will be the underlined spaces that you will see and use as a guide to where
you need to write the information that you need to fill out. In its simplest form, a form document is literally a “form” that you
fill out with individual information. A common example of a form document is your regular tax form or application form.
2. List or Data File
The second component of our mail merged document is the list or data file. This is where the individual information or
data that needs to be plugged in (merged) to the form document is placed and maintained. One of the best things about the
mail merge feature is that it allows data file to be created fro within the Microsoft Word application itself, or it gets data from
a file created in Microsoft Excel or other data formats. In this way, fields that needed to be filled up on the form document
can easily be maintained without accidentally altering the form or main document. You can also easily add, remove, modify,
or extract your data more efficiently by using other data management applications like Excel or Access and import them in
Word during the mail merge process.

B. Label Generation
Included in the mail merge feature on Microsoft Word is the Label Generator. It just makes sense that after you print
out your form letters, you will need to send it to individual recipients in an envelope with the matching address printed
directly on the envelope or on a mailing label to stick on. By using virtually the same process as a standard mail merge,
Microsoft Word will print individual addresses to a standard form that it has already pre-formatted. Simply put, it creates a
blank form document that simulates either a blank label or envelope of pre-defined size and will use the data file that you
selected to print the information, typically individual addresses. So even in generating labels, the two essential components
of creating a merged document are present: the form document and the data file. Only in this case, you did not have to type
or create the form document yourself because it was already created and pre-formatted in Microsoft Word. All you need to
do is select the correct or appropriate size for the label or envelope and select the data file that contains the addresses
(data) to be printed. You can also preview your merged labels before printing if you want to.
II. Integrating Images and External Materials
Integrating or inserting pictures in your document is fun and it improves the impression of your document. A common
use of inserting a picture on a document is when you are creating your resume. Though seemingly simple to do, your
knowledge on the different kinds of materials that you can insert or integrate in a Word document and its characteristics can
help you create a more efficient, richer document not only in content but also in physical form. A better understanding of the
physical form of your document as well as the different materials you would integrate in it would allow you to be more
efficient and versatile in using Microsoft Word.

A. Kinds of Materials
There are various kinds of materials Microsoft Word is capable of integrating to make the documents richer, more
impressive, and more informative.

1. Pictures
Generally, these are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have saved in any local storage device. There
are three commonly used types of picture files. You can identify them by the extension on their file names.
a. .JPG/JPEG
This is pronounced as “jay-peg“ and is the short form of .jpeg or Joint Photographic Experts Group. Like all the rest of
the image file extensions, it identifies the kind of data compression process that it uses to make it more compatible and
portable through the Internet. This type of image file can support 16.7 million colors that is why it is suitable for use when
working with full color photographic images. Unfortunately, it does not support transparency and therefore, images of this
file type can be difficult to integrate in terms of blending with other materials or elements in your document. But if you are
looking for the best quality image to integrate with your document then this is the image file type for you. .JPG does not
work well on lettering, line drawings, or simple graphics. .JPG images are relatively small in file size.

b. .GIF
This stands for Graphics Interchange Format. This type of image file is capable of displaying transparencies.
Therefore, it is good for blending with other materials or elements in your document. It is also capable of displaying simple
animation. Apparently, this may not be too useful on a printed document but if you are sending documents electronically or
through email, or even post documents into a website, then this could be quite impressive. The downside is that it can only
support up to 256 colors so it is good mostly on logos and art decors with very limited, and generally solid colors. .GIF is
much better for logos, drawings, small text, black and white images, or low-resolution files.

Example of a .gif format picture.

c. .PNG
This is pronounced as “ping“. It stands for Portable Network Graphics. It was built around the capabilities of .GIF. Its
development was basically for the purpose of transporting images on the Internet at faster rates. It is also good with
transparencies but unlike .GIFs, it does not support animation but it can display up to 16 million colors, so image quality for
this image file type is also remarkably improved. .PNG allows the control of the transparency level or opacity of images.

Example of .png format picture.

2. Clip Art
This is generally a .GIF type; line art drawings or images used as generic representation for ideas and objects that
you might want to integrate in your document. Microsoft Word has a library of clip arts that is built in or can be downloaded
and used freely. There are still other clip arts that you can either purchase or freely download and use that come from third-
party providers.

Clip Art Icon in Microsoft Office 2010.

3. Shapes
These are printable objects or materials that you can integrate in your document to enhance its appearance or allow
you to have some tools to use for composing and representing ideas or messages. If you are designing the layout for a
poster or other graphic material for advertising, you might find this useful.
 Shapes Icon under the Insert ribbon tab.
4. Smart Art
Generally, these are predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to form ideas that are organizational or
structural in nature. If you want to graphically represent an organization, process, relationships, or flow for infographic
documents, then you will find this easy and handy to use.

Smart Art
5. Chart
Another type of material that you can integrate in your Word document that allows you to represent data characteristics and
trends. This is quite useful when you are preparing reports that correlate and present data in a graphical manner. You can
create charts that can be integrate in your document either directly in Microsoft Word or imported from external files like
Microsoft Excel.

Chart – Used to illustrate and compare data.

6. Screenshot
Sometimes, creating reports or manuals for training or procedures will require the integration of a more realistic image of
what you are discussing on your report or manual. Nothing can get you a more realistic image than a screenshot. Microsoft
Word even provides a snipping tool for your screen shots so you can select and display only the part that you exactly like to
capture on your screen.

III. Image Placement

 Layout of text wrapping options.
A. In Line with Text

This is the default setting for images that are inserted or integrated in your document. It treats your image like a text font
with the bottom side totally aligned with the text line. This setting is usually used when you need to place your image at the
beginning of a paragraph. When placed between texts in a paragraph or a sentence, it distorts the overall appearance and
arrangement of the texts in the paragraph because it will take up the space it needs vertically, pushing whole lines of texts
upward.

B. Square

This setting allows the image you inserted to be placed anywhere with the paragraph with the text going around the image
in a square pattern like frame.

C. Tight

This is almost the same as the Square setting, but here the text “hug” or conforms to the general shape of the image. This
allows you to get a more creative effect on your document. This setting can mostly be achieved if you are using an image
that supports transparency like a .GIF or .PNG file.

D. Through

This setting allows the text on your document to flow even tighter taking the contours and shape of the image. Again, this
can be best used with .GIF or .PNG type of image.

E. Top and Bottom

This setting pushes the texts away vertically to the top and/or the bottom of the image so that the image occupies a whole
text line on its own.

F. Behind Text

This allows your image to be dragged and placed anywhere on your document but with all the texts floating in front of it. It
effectively makes your image look like a background.
G. In Front of Text

As it suggests, this setting allows your image to be placed right on top of the text as if your image was dropped right on it.
That means whatever part of the text you placed the image on, it will be covered by the image.

IV. Key Terms

• Mail Merge – a feature that allows you to create documents and combine or merge them with another
document or data file.
• Form Document – the document that contains the main body of the message we want to convey or send.
• Data File – includes the individual information or data or the recipient’s information.
• Merge Field/Place Holder – marks the position on your form document where individual data or information
will be inserted.
• .JPG – file extension for the Joint Photographic Experts Group picture file.
• .PNG – file extension for Portable Network Graphics image file.
• .GIF – file extension for the Graphics Interchange Format image file.
• Clipart – line art drawings or images used as a generic representation for ideas and objects.
• Smart Art – predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to form ideas that are organizational or
structural in nature.
• Text Wrap – adjusts how the image behaves around other objects or text.

LESSON 4: Advanced Spreadsheet Skills

1. What is a Spreadsheet Software? • allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform
calculations on the data • These rows and columns collectively are called worksheet.
2. Examples of Spreadsheet Software: • LibreOffice Calc • OpenOffice.org Calc • Google Sheets • Apple iWork
Numbers • Kingsoft Office Spreadsheets • StarOffice Calc • Microsoft Excel

3. MICROSOFT EXCEL
4. To open Microsoft Excel, Press “Windows Logo” + R then type “excel” then enter.
5. Key Terms in MS Excel: • Row – horizontal line of entries in a table • Column – vertical line of entries in a table
• Cell – the place was info. is held in a spreadsheet
6. Key Terms in MS Excel: • Active Cell – the selected cell • Column Heading – the box at the top of each column
containing a letter • Row Heading – the row number
7. Key Terms in MS Excel: • Cell Reference – the cell address of the cell usually combines letter and number (ex.
A1, B4, C2) • Merge – combining or joining two or more cells • Formula – is an expression which calculates the
value of a cell.
8. Key Terms in MS Excel: • Functions – are predefined formulas and are already available in Excel • Formula Bar
– the bar that displays the contents of a cell

9. FUNCTIONS
10. BASIC MATH OPERATIONS: • =SUM(x,y) or =SUM(range) – returns the sum of x and y or (all the numbers
within the range) • =PRODUCT(x,y) – returns the product of x and y • =QUOTIENT(x,y) – returns the quotient
of x divided by y • =x-y – returns the difference of x subtracted by y
11. BASIC MATH OPERATIONS: • =x+y – returns the sum of x and y • =x*y – returns the product of x and y • =x/y
– returns the quotient of x divided by y • =x-y – returns the difference of x subtracted by y
12. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =ABS(x) – returns the absolute value of x • =AVERAGE(x,y) – returns the average of x
and y • =CONCATENATE(x,y) – joins x and y
13. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =IF(Condition, x, y) – returns x if the condition is true, else it returns y • =ISEVEN(x) –
returns true if x is an even number • =ISODD(x) – returns true if x is an odd number
14. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =COUNT(range) – counts the number of cell containing a number within a range •
=COUNTIF(range, criteria) – count the number of cell that fits with the criteria within the range
15. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =ISNUMBER(x) – returns true if x is a number • =ISTEXT(x) – returns true if x is a text
• =LEN(x) – returns the length of characters in x • =PROPER(x) – returns the proper casing of x
16. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =LEFT(x,y) – returns the characters of x specified by y (from the left) • =RIGHT(x,y) –
returns the characters of x specified by y (from the right) • =PI() – returns the value of pi
17. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =MIN(x,y) – returns the smallest number between x and y • =MAX(x,y) – returns the
largest number between x and y • =MIN(range) – returns the smallest number within the range • =MAX(range)
– returns the largest number within the range
18. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =POWER(x,y) – returns the value of x raised to the power of y • =ROUND(x,y) –
rounds x to a specified number of digits (y) =COLUMN(x) – returns the column number of x • =ROW(x) –
returns the row number of x
19. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =SQRT(x) – returns the square root of x • =TRIM(x) – removes extra spaces in x •
=UPPER(x) – returns x in all capital form • =LOWER(x) – returns x in non- capital form
20. OTHER FUNCTIONS: • =TODAY() – returns the current date • =NOW() – returns the current date and time
21. EXERCISES
22. Consider this data: NAME MATH GRADE SCIENCE GRADE FILIPINO GRADE ENGLISH GRADE A.P
GRADE MARK 75 70 78 81 78 PETE 84 87 86 88 85 ANA 91 92 95 90 90 REA 73 75 74 75 70
23. Give the formulas to get : • Mark’s , Pete’s, Ana’s and Rea’s averages • The highest grade that Ana got • The
lowest grade that Mark got? • Sum of all Math Grade? Science? A.P.? • Sum of all Rea’s Grades • The Lowest
Number among all grades • The remarks (Passed or Failed)
24. Now, consider this data: FIRST NAME MIDDLE NAME LAST NAME MARK CURTIS WILLIAMS PETE
MCCLOEY HARRISON ANA MONROE FRITZ REA TAN COLLINS
25. Give the formulas to get : • Mark’s Full Name • Ana’s Full Name in Proper Case • Count the number of letters
that Pete’s Last Name has • “COLL” from Rea’s Last Name • “LOEY” from Pete’s Middle Name • Combining
“WILL” and “LINS” from Mark and Rea’s Last Names respectively