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Fallacies

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keana florin
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12 views23 pages

Fallacies

Uploaded by

keana florin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fallacies and Biases

The best way to separate


truth from opinion is to look
for fallacies and biases in
the statements.
Fallacies are arguments that
are based on faulty
reasoning. Usually, fallacies
are intentional and are
designed to persuade or
convince.
Biases are tendencies and
influences of a person's
view and are not
necessarily errors in
reasoning.
Examples of Fallacies
ad hominem- attacking the
person presenting the
argument instead of the
issue itself.
appeal to force- using the
threat of force or an
undesirable event to
advance an argument.
“Tooth fairies are real; you
better believe me, or I will
punch you in the nose!”
appeal to emotion- using
emotions such as pity or
sympathy.
Young lovers are
trespassing and kissing on
a balcony but the security
guard leaves them alone
because they look so
happy.
appeal to the popular- the
idea is presented as
acceptable because a lot of
people accept it.
“Most people want to buy a
house, so it must be the
best investment. It's just
common knowledge.”
appeal to tradition- the idea
is acceptable because it has
been true for a long time.
“The idea that the earth is
flat is much older than the
idea of a round earth, so we
should bring it back.”
begging the question-
assuming the thing or idea
to be proven is true; also
known as a circular
argument.
Murder is always morally
wrong. Therefore abortion
is morally wrong.
cause-and-effect- assuming
a cause and effect
relationship between
unrelated events.
Every time I wash my car, it
rains.
fallacy of composition-
assuming that what is true
of a part is consistent for
the whole.
If a runner runs faster, he
can win the race. Therefore,
if all the runners run faster,
they can all win the race.
fallacy of division-
assuming that what is true
for the whole is true for its
parts.
The United States is the
richest country in the world.
Therefore, everyone in the
United States must be rich
and live well.

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