Mathematics SM0015/CM0014

Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial

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TUTORIAL 1: NUMBER SYSTEM

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1. Given S = {-3, 0,√7, 3, e, 4, 8…}, identify the set of
(a) natural numbers = {4, 8}
(b) whole numbers ={0, 4, 8}
(c) integers = {-3, 0, 4, 8}
1
(d) rational numbers = {-3, 0, 3, 4, 8…},
(e) irrational numbers = {√7, e, …},
1
(f) real numbers = {-3, 0,√7, 3, e, , 4, 8…},

2.
(a) [−2, 3]
(a) −2 3
(b) (−4, 4)
(b) −4 4
(c) (−, 5]
(c) 5
(d) [−1, )
(d) −1
(e) (−3, 6]
(e)
−3 6
(f) [−2, 3)
(f)
−2 3
(g) (−2, 0)  (3, 6)
(g)
−2 0 3
(h) [−6, 2)  [−3, 6
(h)
7)
−3 2

3. (a) 2(22𝑥 ) − 5(2𝑥 ) + 2 = 0

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥
2𝑢2 − 5𝑢 + 2 = 0
(2𝑢 − 1)(𝑢 − 2) = 0
1
∴ 𝑢 =  𝑜𝑟 𝑢 = 2
2
2𝑥 = 2−1 2𝑥 = 21
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1
(b) 32𝑥+1 − 26(3𝑥 ) − 9 = 0
3. 32𝑥 − 26(3𝑥 ) − 9 = 0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 3𝑥
3𝑢2 − 26𝑢 − 9 = 0
(3𝑢 + 1)(𝑢 − 9) = 0

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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−1
𝑢=  𝑜𝑟 𝑢 = 9
3
1
3𝑥 = − (𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒) 3𝑥 = 32
3
𝑥=2

(c) 4𝑥 − 6(2𝑥 ) − 16 = 0
22𝑥 − 6(2𝑥) − 16 = 0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑢2 − 6𝑢 − 16 = 0
(𝑢 − 8)(𝑢 + 2) = 0
𝑢 = 8, 𝑢 = −2
2𝑥 = 23 𝑜𝑟 2𝑥 = −2(𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒)

𝑥=3
2𝑥 𝑥
d) 𝑒 +𝑒 −2=0
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑢2 + 𝑢 − 2 = 0
(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 − 1) = 0
𝑢 = −2,1
𝑒 𝑥 = −2 𝑜𝑟 𝑒 𝑥 = 1
𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒0

𝑥=0

4 (a) √2(3 − 2√2) = 3√2 − 2(√2)2 = 3√2 − 4

(b) (√2 − 1)(√2 + 1) = (√2)2 + √2 − √2 − 1 = 2 − 1 = 1

(c) (√3 − 2)(√3 − 1) = (√3)2 − √3 − 2√3 + 2 = 5 − 3√3

(d) (2√5 + 3)(3√5 − 2) = 6(√5)2 − 4√5 + 9√5 − 6 = 24 + 5√5

1 1 √8 √8 2√2 1
5 (a) = × = = = 4 √2
√8 √8 √8 8 8

3 3 2+√3 6+3√3
(b) = 2−√3 × 2+√3 = 4+2√3−2√3−(√3)2 = 6 + 3√3 = 3(2 + √3)
2−√3

1 1 3−2√5 3−2√5 3−2√5 2√5−3

(c) = × = = =
3+2√5 3+2√5 3−2√5 9−4(√5)2 −11 11

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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1 1 √6+√5 √6+√5
(d) = × = 6+√6√5−√6√5−5 = √6 + √5
√6−√5 √6−√5 √6+√5

1 1 (√2−1)+(√2+1) 2√2 2√2

(e) + = = (√2)2 −1 = 2−1 = 2√2
√2+1 √2−1 (√2+1)(√2−1)

91
6. a) 100
5
b) 1
21 71
c) 225 = 25
2
d) 3
73
e) 1000

7. (2 √3 + √2)(2 √3 − √2)= 4(3) − 2 √3 √2 + 2 √3 √2 − 2

=12 − 2
= 10
2 2 2 √3− √2
a) = ×2
2 √3+ √2 2 √3+ √2 √3− √2
4√3− 2√2
=
10
2√3− √2
= 5
√3 √3 2 √3+ √2
b) = 2 ×2
2 √3− √2 √3− √2 √3+ √2
6− √6
= 10
8.
a) 0. 3̇1̇2̇
Let 𝑥 = 0. 3̇1̇2̇ (1)
(1) × 1000, 1000𝑥 = 312. ̅̅̅̅̅
312  (2)
(2) − (1), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 999𝑥 = 312
312
𝑥=
999
104
𝑥=
333

b) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 0.41̇6̇8̇  (1)

(1) × 10, 10𝑥 = 4. ̅̅̅̅̅
168  (2)
(2) × 1000, 10000𝑥 = 4168. ̅̅̅̅̅
168  (3)
(3) − (2), 9990𝑥 = 4164
694
∴, 𝑥 =
1665

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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b) 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 0.35̇ (1)
(1) × 10, 10𝑥 = 3. 5̇  (2)
(2) × 10, 100𝑥 = 35. 5̇ (3)
(3) − (2), 90𝑥 = 32
32
∴, 𝑥 =
90
16
𝑥=
45

9.

if y = a x then loga y = x
b) 72 = 49
a) 53 = 125
log7 49 = 2
log5 125 = 3
c)
5
42 = 32 d) e2t = 3 – x
ln (3 – x) = 2t
5
log4 32 = 2

e) e0.1t = x + 2
ln (x + 2) = 0.1t

10 a) log5 625 = 4 if loga y = x then y = ax

54 = 625

b) log3 27 = 3
33 = 27

c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔1 4 = −2
2
1 −2
(2) =4

d) ln 100 = 4.6052
e4.6052 = 100

e) ln 3 = 1.0986
e1.0986 = 3

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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11. Evaluate:
a) 2 log (x – 2) = log (2x – 5)
log (x – 2)2 = log (2x -5)
(x – 2)2 = (2x -5)
x – 4x + 4 = 2x - 5
2

x2 – 6x + 9 = 0
(x - 3)(x – 3) = 0
x=3

b) log (x2 + 6) – log (x – 1) = 1

log (x2 + 6) – log (x – 1) = log 10
𝑥2 + 6
𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 0
𝑥−1
𝑥2 + 6
( ) = 10
𝑥−1
( x2 + 6) = 10 (x – 1)
x2 + 6 = 10x -10
x2 – 10x +16 = 0
( x – 8)( x – 2) = 0
x = 8 or x = 2
after checking , ∴x = 8 , x = 2

c) log2(2x – 4) = 2 + log2 (x2 – 6)

log2 ( 2x -4) – log2(x2 – 6) = log2 22
2𝑥 − 4
𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( 2 ) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 4
𝑥 −6
2𝑥 − 4
( 2 )=4
𝑥 −6
2x – 4 = 4 (x2 – 6)
2x – 4 = 4x2 – 24
4x2 – 2x – 20 = 0
(2x + 4)(2x – 5) = 0
4 5
x = − 2 or x=2
=-2
5
after checking , ∴ x = 2

d) log3x – 2logx3 = 1
log3x – logx32 = 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 32
log3x - =1 , let log3x = y
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
2
y-𝑦=1
y2 – 2 = y
y2 – y – 2 = 0

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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(y – 2) ( y + 1) = 0
y=2 or y = -1 , substituting y = log3x
log3x = 2 , log3x = -1
2
x=3 , x = 3-1
1
x=9 , x=3
1
after checking , ∴ x = 9 , x = 3

e) 9 logx 5 = log5 x
logx 59 = log5x
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 59
= log5x , let log5x = y
𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥
9
=y
𝑦
9 = y2
y=3 or y = -3 , substituting y = log5 x
log5x = 3 log5x = -3
x = 53 x = 5-3
1
x = 125 x = 125
1
after checking , ∴ x = 125 , x = 125

f) 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( 2𝑥+1 − 32√2) = 𝑥

𝑙𝑜𝑔2 ( 2𝑥+1 − 32√2) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 2𝑥
(2𝑥+1 − 32√2) = 2𝑥
2 .2 –2 .2 =2
x 1 5 1/2 x
, let 2x = a
2a – a = 211/2
a = 211/2
2x = 211/2
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∴x= 2

g) log16 x = (log4 x )2 , x > 1

𝑙𝑜𝑔4 𝑥
= (log4 x )2 , let log4 x = y
𝑙𝑜𝑔 42
4
𝑦
= 𝑦2
2
2y2 – y = 0
y (2y -1) = 0
1
y = 0 or y = 2 , substituting y = log4 x
1
log4 x = 0 log4 x = 2
0
x=4 x = 41/2
x=1 x=2
because of x > 1, therefore x = 2

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 Mathematics SM0015/CM0014
Topic 1 : Number System – Tutorial
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h) 2 ln x = ln 3 + ln (6 – x)
ln x2 = ln [3(6-x)]
x2 = 18 – 3x
x2 + 3x -18 = 0
(x + 6) (x – 3) = 0
x = -6 or x = 3
because of ln negative undefined , ∴ x = 3

i) ln x = 2 + ln(1-x)
ln x – ln (1 – x) = 2
𝑥
𝑙𝑛 (1−𝑥) = 2

𝑥
= 𝑒2
(1 − 𝑥)
x = e2 (1 – x)
x + e2x = e2
x (1 + e2 ) = e2
𝑒2
x = (1+𝑒 2)

j) eln (1 – x) = 2x
1-x = 2x
3x = 1
1
x=3