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Carewell Pharma - A Family of Learning

Universal Human Values& Professional Ethics 5-1Y (CC-Sem-3 & 4)

of Holistic
5
UNIT
Implications
Understanding
Harmony on
of
Professional Ethics

CONTENTS
Part-1 : Natural Acceptance of ... .. 5-2Y to 5-3Y
Human Values

Part-2 : Definitiveness of Ethical .... 5-4Y to 5-6Y

Human Conduct and Basis
for Humanistic Education,
Humanistie Constitution and
Humanistic Universal Order

Part-3 Competence in Professional Ethics ...5-6Y to 5-12Y

Part-4 : Case Studies of Typical Holistic. ....5-12Y to 5-16Y

Technologies, Management
Models and Production Systems

Part-5 Strategy for Transition from the ...5-16Y to 5-20Y

Present State to
Universal Human Order

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Implications of Holistic Understanding 5-2Y(CC-Sem-3 & 4)

LPART-11
Natural Acceptance of Human Values.

Questions-Answers
Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions

Que 5.1. What are the values in interaction of human beings

with the material things ? Give one example of each.
|
AKTU 2018-19TV), Marks 07
OR
What is utility value and artistic value ? How are both important in
human life ? Explain with example.
OR
When there is no utility, there is no scope for art too'. Explain.

Answer
1. Competence of living in accordance with universal human values or the
participation of a unit in the larger order- its natural characteristics or
Svabhava.
2. Values are a part of our ethical conduct. They are the natural outcome
of realization and right understanding, which are always definite.
3. Values need not to be imposed through fear, greed or blind belief.
4. The vastu mulya (values of Human Being in the Interaction with the
Rest of the Nature) is the participation of the human being with the rest
of the nature. It is further categorized as:
i. Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya): The participation of human being in
ensuring the role of physical facility in nurture, protection and providing
means for the body.
ii. Artistic value (kala mulya) : The participation of a human being in
ensuring the role of physical facility to help and preserve its utility.
5. For example, the utility value of a pen is that it aids in writing. This
provides a means to the body.
Providing a cap to the pen so that the ink does not spill, a proper design
for holding of the pen while writing, ete., preserve the utility of the pen.
6.
6. A shirt has the utility that it protects the body. This is its utility value.
Designing the shirt so that it can be easily put on is the artistic value.

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Universal Human Values & Professional Ethics 5-3 Y (CC-Sem-3 &4)

Que 5.2. List some suggestions to make value education more

effective in the present scenario. AKTU 2017-18(IID, Marks 07

Answer
Ways for Promoting Value Education:
. The value orientation should become the main focus of our educational
system. In providing education for values whole of the society should be
involved. The emphasis should be on moral development of the students.
2. Value education cannot be provided through proper text book but with
inspiration and initiative of the teachers, the can be taught in a proper
way. There are some ways for providing value education for the students.
These are as follows.
3. Social and ethical values, examples from day-to-day situations, extracts
from sayings of great even, incidents and problems which develop values
judgments among the pupils, poems, religious stories etc., can be taught
to the students.
4. In school yoga and other religious activities like pray to god, social
-

service etc. can be taught to the students in the classrooms. Group

activities ike cleaning the school camps, visiting slums, service campus,
visits to hospitals, visits to place of worship of different faiths should
form part of content in value education.
5. Personality Development Retreats' could be held to enable the students
to develop self-control, punctuality, sharing and caring respect for other
faiths, cooperation ete.
6. There should be an integrated approach in the value oriented educational
programme. There should be foundation courses both at the secondary
schools and universities among at giving the children basic knowledge
about India its people and cultural tradition.
7. Special schools designed for value oriented education should be
established. Every state should have at least one institution which may
impart value-oriented education from nursery to the post graduate level.
8. Special teacher orientation programmes should be taken up at the state
level to train teachers in the effective methods of development of value
among students and teachers.
9. Television which isa craze for the young of today should also be used to
present value based programmes through skits, cartoon scripts and
such other means. There need not be any special classroom lectures on
moral value based education. These values need to be taught through
mutual interaction and inter communication.
10. It is never needed to identify any particular religion or faith - god is one
and we are all children of the same God that is the basic lesson that
-

needs to be given.

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Implications of Holistic Understanding 5-4Y (CC-Sem-3 & 4)

|PART-2
Definitiveness of Ethical Human Conduct and Basis
for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and
Humanistic Universal Order.

Questions-Answers

Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions

Que 5.3.What is ethical human conduct ? Explain in terms of

values, policies and character with appropriate examples.
|AKTU 2018-19(TV), Marks 07
OR
What do you mean by ethical human conduct? Explain its relevance.
AKTU 2014-15(II), Marks 04
OR
Explain any five values which are necessary for ethical human
conduct. AKTU 2016-17(II), Marks 05
OR
What do you mean by definitiveness of ethical human conduct?
How can it be ensured ? AKTU 2018-19(I), Marks 07|
OR
How does realization and understanding lead to definiteness of
human conduct ? AKTU 2015-16(I), Marks 10|
Answer
Ethical Human Conduct: Ethical human conduct can be defined as
the combined representation of values, policy and character which is
acquired through right understanding and self-exploration. It is universal
in nature and is in combination with universal human values. It is also
called definite human conduct. When we acquire right understanding
we are able to bridge the gaps between our present conduct and ethical
human conduct. We can say a person is conducting himself/herself
ethically. Also when they:
1. Respect humanity, not be in conflict with societal norms, not steal, kill,
and should be honest.

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2. Do not have conflict with the self"I" at an individual level.

3. When they have established right understanding and are in harmony
with the rest of the orders of the universe such as essential equality of
all men and women, human or natural rights, obedience to the law of
land concern, safety etc.
4. Work towards enrichment of the rest of the nature.
But unless we have the right understanding, we are not able to identify
the definitiveness of ethical human conduct. It can be understood in
terms of the following:
i. Values (Mulya) : Competence of living in accordance with universal
human values or the participation of a unit in the larger order- its
natural characteristics or svabhava is known as values. Values are a
part of our ethical conduct.
ii. Policy (Niti) : poliey is the decision (plan, program, implementation,
results, evaluation) about the enrichment, protection and right utilization
of the resources (self, body and wealth mana, tana and dhana).
iii. Character (Charitra) : The definiteness of my desire, thought and
selection gives definiteness to my living. Definitiveness of character is
the outcome of the definiteness of my behaviour and work.
5. Five values which are necessary for ethical human conduct are
i. Love: Unconditional and unselfish care.
ii. Peace: Control the mind.
ii. Truth: Indispensableethical discipline.
iv. Non-violence : It means respect for life and recognition of rights of|
others.
V. Right conduct: Truth in action is right conduct.

Que 5.4. Discuss what you mean by universal human order.

OR
What is holistic alternative ?
OR
What do you understand by Svarajya ?

Answer 1
Universal Human Order or Holistic Alternative of Svarajya:
1. Our surroundings include air, water, space, plants and animals. The
total existence has a togetherness and co-existence. This togetherness
in an organized manner where every individual serves a function and
is ready to help and support others is known as universal human order
or holistic alternative or Svarajya.
2. For the understanding of harmony and undivided society human
endeavour in form of education, health, production, justice, exchange

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Implications of Holistic Understanding 5-6Y (CC-Sem-3 & 4)

is necessary. A correct appraisal of our surrounding will lead to help us

to find a viable alternative of prevailing pattern of human living.
3. Human beings need to move from family to world family to achieve
this harmony.
Family

Family Cluster

Village/Community
Village Cluster

World Family

Que 5.5.Discuss Humanistic education and Humanistic

Constitution.
Answer
Humanistic Education:
1. The basis for humanistic education is the transformation from animal
consciousness to human consciousness.
2. Now a days man has exploited the natural resources, so much that
there is danger of human survival and national resources are over
exploited.
.
3. By human consciousness we can think that our actions should be checked
and we should take action in such a way that nature is source and earth
should be a good place to live.
Humanistic Constitution:
1. It is the set of policies for humans to follow for the welfare of mankind.
It makes possible the co-ordination and fulfillment of the human order.
With the other three orders viz., material order, pranic order and animal
order. Human constitution is the human framework living harmonious
life with himself and with entire existence.
2.
2. Thus these are the basics for humanistic education and humanistic
constitution.

PART-3
Competence in Professional Ethics.

Questions-Answers

Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions

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Universal Human Values & Professional Ethics 5-7 Y (CC-Sem-3 &4)

Que 5.6. How will you define work ethics? Discussthe guidelines
for work ethics. AKTU 2014-15(IV), Marks 04
Answer
Work ethics: Work ethics can be defined as the moral benefit we can
derive from hard work and diligence. Work ethic not only includes ones
feeling or opinion about their occupation and the workplace, it also
involves their attitude towards their professional responsibilities
communication skills, interactive skills and their devotion to their
profession. Work ethic demonstrates the inherent qualities of the
professional's character.
Guidelines for work ethics
1. Maintaina friendly relationship with clients, consultants, contractoors
and other people associated with the company.
2. Should abide by the legal norms applicable to their business ventures.
3. Should not take bribe or offer bribe in forms of meals, gifts or
entertainments.
4. Should guard all confidential and propriety information.
5. Should not have conflict of interest with the employer, and must remain
faithful.
6. Should cautiously use the employer's assets.

Que 5.7. What do you understand by professional ethics ?

Explain. AKTU 2018-19TV), Marks 07

Answer
Professional Ethics:
. Professional ethics refers to the code of conduct, moral ideals and policies,
any professional should follow.
2. It is the ethical obligation that people in a profession have to follow, due
to their professional status.
3. It is the activity and discipline aimed at understanding the moral values
associated with any particular profession.
4. Every oceupation has its own set of ethical obligation.
5. For the engineering profession it can also be termed as engineering
ethics. It is not a fixed text to be learnt once. One has to review it
constantly against changing standards.

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Que 5.8. What are the reasons of unethical practices in profession

today ? What is the real solution to the above problems ? Give your
opinion. AKTU 2018-19(III), Marks 07
OR
Critically examine the issues in professional ethics in the current
scenario. List any five unethical practices in profession today and
the methods being tried to curb them.
OR
Elaborate on any two practices that are unethical but still quite
prevalent in profession today. Suggest few measures to solve the
problems in a sustainable way.
OR
Mention some of the unethical practices in society today. How do
the prevailing world views lead to such unethical practices?
Answeer
L. The driving ethos in the present times has the thrust upon wealth
accumulation and profit maximization. It is a widespread tendency to
consider these as the parameters of happiness and prosperity.
2. Now a days people consider happiness in terms of maximization of sensory
enjoyment therefore the motivation is that of wealth accumulation.
This is resulting in hazardous consequences.
3. The present trend is to have narrow world view and care for interests of
personal gain and forgetting the benefit and interests of world family
and nature.
4. Some of the major unethical practices prevailing in today's world are:
1. Corruption in various forms also hawala and benami transactions.
ii. Misappropriation of funds and tax evasion.
ii. Cut throat competition and exploitation at various levels.
iv. Misleading propaganda by way ofunethical advertisement.
V.Activities contributing to global warming and other natural disasters,
like oil leakage in sea, Bhopal gas tragedy, etc.
vi. Hunger, poverty, illiteracy.
vii. Endangering health and public safety.
5. We can feel the malaise of these actions all around us. We can take
some measures to control the situation which is running out of hands.
For example:
i. We need to emphasis on the importance of professional ethics and create
more awareness.
i. Prescribe stricter code of conducts for specific profession and teach
people that profession should be looked upon essentially as a service.

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Universal Human Values & Professional Ethics 5-9Y (CC-Sem-3 &4)

ii. Organizations should set up more monitoring activities.
iv. Promoting for transparency in the systems.
V. Filing public interest litigations.
6. We can only curb the ill effects by the above mentioned methods. But
the root cause behind all these malaises can be treated only by change in
the world view. We have to create awareness so that people do not
follow the wrongly perceived notions of happiness and prosperity. This
can only be achieved through right understanding.

Que 5.9. What are the characteristies of people-friendly & Eco

friendly production system which is sustainable ?
AKTU 2017-18(TV), Marks 07

Answer
A. Characteristics of People-Friendly Production System:
1. Resilience: The art of pushing through even when things get a bit
dark.
2. Empathy: The ability to connect compassionately and identify with the
unique experiences of others.
3. Patience: Keeping cool when things don't automatically go your way.
4. Sacrifice: Forgoing your own satisfaction for someone else's.
5. Politeness: Learning manners and being considerate of others.
6. Humour: Seeing the funny side of situations and being able to laugh at |

oneself.
7. Self-awareness: Being acountable for your actions by being connected
to who you are.
8. Forgiveness: Cutting others slack and excusing errors when possible.
9. Hope: The belief in all the great things that are yet to come, and
knowing that there is something better on the horizon.
10. Confidence: Having the ability to believe in yourself and taking risks.
B. Characteristies of Eco-Friendly Production Systemn:
1. Reduction in cO, Emissions: Rengo is activelyintroducing energy-
efficient facilities and adopting less harmful, clean energy sources, as
part of its efforts to reduce CO, emissions, which have a significant
impact on the global environment.
2. Waste Reduction: Trimming waste, the most common type of waste
generated by corrugated plants, is recycled back into containerboard at
Rengo's paper mills.
3. Prevention of Air and Water Pollution: Water is a vital resource
used in the production of paperboard. We have long been looking into
ways to utilize water effectively at our paper mills, where water is
currently used for ten cycles on average.

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Implications of Holistic Understanding 5-10 Y (CC-Sem-3 &4)

Que 5.10. |What do you mean by competence in professional ethics?

Elaborate with examples. AKTU 2016-17(TV), Marks 15

OR
What do you mean by competence in professional ethics? Give two
examples of its implication in industry.
AKTU 2018-19(II), Marks 07

Answer
Competence in Professional Ethics
I. Professional ethics means to develop professional competence with
ethical human conduct.
2. Developing ethical competence to the individual (profession) is the
only effective way to ensure professional ethics. The development of
ethical competence is a long term process to be achieved through
appropriate value education. As profession is only a subset of the life
activities, the competence in profession will only be the manifestation
of one's right understanding.
3. The salient features characterizing this competence can be summarized
asfollows
i. Clarity about comprehensive human goal: Samadhan - Samndhi-
Abhay Sah-astitva and its fulfillment through universal human order.
ii. Confidence in oneself: Based on the right understanding of oneself
and the rest of existence.
ii. Mutually fulfilling behaviour: Clarity and confidence in ethical
human conduct and its correlation with sustained personal as well as
collective happiness and prosperity.
iv. Mutually enriching interaction with nature : Self-sufficiency in
fulfillment of physical needs; ability to assess the needs for physical
facilities for the family and their fulfillment through production systems
ensuring harmony in the nature. In the light of the above, one acquires
the ability to identify and develop appropriate (people-friendly and eco-
friendly) technologies, production systems ete.

Que 5.11. |What is ethical competence or value competence of an

individual ?
Answer
Ethical Competence or Value Competence : Ethical competence or
value competence is a manifestation of one's right understanding. It is a
long-term process which can be achieved through appropriate value
education. Ethical competence can be achieved through:

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Universal Human Values & Professional Ethics 5-11 Y(CC-Sem-3 & 4)

1. Clarity about comprehensive human goal.

2. Confidence in one self and believe in harmony and co-existence. Faith
in the concept of family to world family.
3. Confidence and clarity in ethical human conduct and competence in
mutually fulfilling behaviour.
4. Competence of mutually enriching interaction with nature.
5. Competence of one's understanding in real life.

Que 5.12. | How do human values affect the life of professionals ?

|
Illustrate. AKTU 2015-16TV), Marks 05|

Answer
1. Quality of life is largely affected by the work by which we earn our
livelihood. Our work shapes our attitudes and personality. We often
have conflicts between individual value and value in work life. These
conflicts can be categorized under the following:
i. Attitudes to work
ii. Work ethics and quality of work life
ii. Organizational values
iv. Pursuit of excellence.
i. Attitudes To Work: Why do we work? We work to earn our living and
support our family. Work is a necessity, rather it is a compulsion. At the
second level work means gaining social prestige, esteem and authority.
Farmers, artisans, labourers have a lower social status than managers,
business owners, bureaucrats and politicians who enjoy a higher status
in the society. At the third level through work we use our talent, sharpen
our skills and develop our creativity and get opportunity to learn, grow
and improve our knowledge, skills and human relationship. It is said,
Work is Worship meaning, our work in reality, is an offering (PUJA) to
Good.
ii. Work Ethics And Quality of Work Life: A worker is paid his salary/
wages and in return he is expected to contribute his best to the
organization. Without such an ethical consideration the employer/
employee relationship becomes exploitative with little trust and
cooperation between them. The second dimension of work ethics isa
sense of loyalty to the organization. A loyal employee does not promote
his personal interest at the cost of the organization. The third dimension
is that the organization must have a written, as well as, an unwritten
rules/norms and ways of working. Team working and team spirit are
the essential strengths of a successful organization. Personal honesty
and integrity are most important. The following attitudes must be avoided:
a. Misrepresentation of facts

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Implications of Holistic Understanding 5-12 Y (CC-Sem-3 &4)

b. Going back on words and promises

C. Promoting selfish or hidden agenda
d. Corruption and bribery
e. Scams, frauds, kick-backs, accepting gifts, favors, even donation for
charities etc.
iii. Organizational Values: Organizations are Social and Human units.
Purpose of a business is not just making profit; the fundamental value
lies in the special worth of its products/services and its impact on quality
of life. Man must eat to live but man does not live only to eat. A good
organization should be good to the corporate citizen. It should obey laws,
pay taxes, preserve the environment, help solve community problems,
have due regard to national problems and priorities and share its earning
and resources with the less fortunate sections of the society. Equity,
justice and fair play are the essential values in promoting good work
culture. We must discourage vices like jealousy, back biting, destructive
competitiveness ete.
iv. Pursuit of Excellence : Excellence means achievement of exceptional
accomplishments or success and getting excellent result from life as a
whole. Chances of failure are always there. Hence, desire for success is
always associated with anxiety. In reality at times achieving a goal
becomes so important that any means fair or foul are adopted. Foul
means include Bending rules/regulation, Cutting corners, Exploiting
other, Offtering bribes etc.

|
PART-4
Case Studies of Typical Holistic Technologies, Management
Models and Production Systems.

Questions-Answers

Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions

Que 5.13.| Analyze the importance of holistic technology in the

current scenario with different examples.
AKTU 2016-17II), Marks 05

Answer
Importance of Holistic Technology:
1. A holistic model is inherently conductive to the comprehensive human
goal.

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Universal Human Values& Professional Ethics 5-13 Y (CC-Sem-3 & 4)

2. The three broad criteria to guide the development of such technologies

and system are:
i. In accordance to appropriate needs and life styles.
i. People-friendly
ii. Eco-friendly
3. Evaluation Criteria for Technologies : The technology adopted
must fulfill the following criteria:
i. It should satisfy the real human needs.
ii. Compatible with nature.
ii. It must promote the use of renewable resources of energy.
iv. Low cost and energy efficient.
V. Safe and people friendly.
vi. It must not harm health.
vii. The products must be recyclable.
ix. Effective utilization of human body, plants, animals and material.
4 Some of the technologies and production systems which are based on
Holistic systems are asfollows:
i. Solar energy devices.
ii. Green building materials and techniques.
111. Water shed management.
iv. Bio-mass based energy technologies.
V. Eco-friendly agriculture.
vi. Eco-sanitation technologies

Que 5.14. | How does the career interest of a professional be

reconciled with organizational values?
AKTU 2015-16(IV), Marks 05

Answer
1. The policies, character and general conduct of our day to day life is
reflected in our professional life as well. An individual should adhere to
the rules and regulations set by the organization they are employed in.
Professional ethics are learnt by reviewing a person's behaviour against
constantly changing surroundings and standards. A good professional
should:
Maintain a friendly relationship with clients, consultants, contractors
and other people associated with the company.
i. Should abide by the legal norms applicable to their business ventures.

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|
i. Should not take bribe or offer bribe in forms of meals, gifts or
entertaiments.
iv. Should guard all confidential and propriety information.
V. Should not have conflict of interest with the employer, and must remain
faithful.
vi. Should cautiously use the employer's assets.
2. A professional should not feel hurt if he or she acknowledges that he or
she needs help. A professional carries additional moral responsibilities
towards their employer. As professionals are trained people they have
to take decisions and make informed choice when situations demand.
They are people vested with authority and power. They are
representatives of the organization they are working with. A good
professional always realizes that he is working with the client's trust.
Therefore he/she always works upto their full potential. Therefore
he/she is sensitive, responsive, energetic, tireless and dynamic in
profession, passionate to commitment and loyal to his/her team and
associates.

Que 5.15. | Which professional you will choose for his/her services,
a person with understanding of value education and living
accordingly or without it ? What about you when you will offer a
service to other? AKTU 2017-18TV), Marks 07
Answer
1 The real way to ensure ethical conduct of profession is to have a correct
understanding of profession, a correct understanding of happiness and
prosperity and then to develop the competence to fulfill this notion.
2. The whole purpose of value education is to enable the development of
this understanding and competence which is essential to ensure
professional ethics.
3. Hence we will choose a professional with understanding of value
education and living accordingly for his/her services.
4. When I will offer my services to other Iwill also offer it with understanding
of value education.

Que 5.16. | Discuss the features of an ideal management model.

Answeer
Features of an Ideal Management Model: The management should
always keep in mind that they not only need to keep the user satisfied
but also fulfill the needs of people involved in the production process. An
idealistic or humanistic management model should therefore have:

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1. Awhole-unit of workers working together with a feeling of brotherhood.

2. The management should be cooperative to the needs of the workers
and should motivate them to work better.
3. Regular and fair appraisal of hard work.
4. Consumer satisfaction should be the key goal and not profit maximization.
5. Continuous value addition to the working system.
6. Effective integration of individual competencies.
By improved management models we can attain rewards for all those
who were involved in the proces

Que 5.17. | Imag ne that you have joined at middle management

level in an organization where you find unethical practices
prevalent. How will you proceed to promote ethies among your
colleagues ? Mention a few steps you may take to improve the
situation without creating an atmosphere of opposition.
ARTU 2017-18(1I), Marks 07
Answer
1. Promoting ethics in the workplace creates a positive culture for
managers and employees, as well as a successful business. Businesses
with strong workplace ethics add value to the organization and support
an environment where employees feel safe and valued.
2. Following are the list of practices for management to help create a more
ethical workplace culture
i. Be a Role Model and Be Visible: Employees look at top managers to
understand what behaviour is acceptable. Senior management sets the
tone for ethics in the workplace.
ii. Communicate Ethical Expectations : An organizational code of
ethics can reduce ethical ambiguities. The code ofethics should state the
organization's primary values and the ethical rules that employees are
expected to follow. Managers should remember that a code of ethics is
worthless if leaders fail to model ethical behaviours.
iii. Offer Ethics Training: Managers should set up seminars, workshops
and similar programs to promote ethics in the workplace. Training
sessions reinforce the organization's standards of conduct, to clarify
what practices are and are not permissible, and to address possible
ethical dilemmas.
iv. Visibly Reward Ethical Acts and Punish Unethical Ones :
Performance appraisals ofmanagers should include evaluations of how
actions measure up against the organization's code of ethics. Appraisals
need to include how managers achieve these goals, as well as the goals
themselves.

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V. Provide Protective Mechanisms: The organization needs to provide

formal mechanisms that allow employees to discuss ethical dilemmas
and report unethical behaviour without fear of reprimand. This could
include developing roles for ethical counselors, ombudsmen or ethical
officers.
vi. Enhancing the Workplace: A better workplace requires leaders to
model behaviour in every aspect of their role. In your career, the ability
to demonstrate leadership with a sound ethical basis is essential to your
success for any role.

|PART-5|
Strategy for Transition from the Present State to
Universal Human Order.

Questions-Answers

Long Answer Type and Medium Answer Type Questions

Que 5.18. | What are strategies fortransition from the present state
to universal human order ? AKTU 2017-18(TV), Marks 07
Answer
1. Transition is a gradual change for the betterment. In the present situation
we need to strive for a better situation which may prove beneficial for
us. The main step towards transition is adequate realization of the need
for the self exploration.
2. We have learnt that we need to change the dominant world view which
is based on material comforts and sensory privileges. The consumerist
and profit making attitude will have to be left behind to make way for
comprehensive human goal to be implemented at all levels. This transition
can be achieved by the following steps
i. Promoting Mass Awareness and moving towards Humanistic
Education: Awareness has to be created so that people accept that we
need to work towards eco-friendly measures. Individual professionals
like engineers, doctors, business managers should take the responsibility
on them to put emphasis upon the importance of human value and
professional ethics. Journalists can also help in creating awareness
through their writings.
ii. Developing Holistic Model of Living: To bring about this transition
we need to develop holistic technologies, production systems and

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management models. For this engineers will have a huge responsibility
on their shoulders. They can work towards simple, cheap, efficient,
pollution free and renewable resources as source of energy. The
production systems can be environment friendly. The production
processes can be nmade safe for the workers, consumer and also for the
nature. Care should be taken to manage industrial waste.
iii. Implementing Strict Policies and Social System: With right
understanding the economic, social and political systems should be based
on the comprehensive human goal. Government officials and legislators
can pass strict laws for defaulters.
The problem we are facing is of urgent global concern. Delaying in
finding a solution can prove to be a threat to our own survival. If we
make a dedicated effort to bring about a change in the human
consciousness focus on humanistic education and right understanding
we should be able to make this world a better place to live.

Que 5.19. Critically examine the role of madness for profit' in

human being for the destruction of other three orders of nature.
AKTU 2014-15T), Marks 04
Answer
. The innate harmony and orderliness in the universe exists already, it
cannot be created by human beings.
2. When human beings tamper with certain natural phenomena they disturb
it and as a result this harmony is also disturbed. Earth's natural
environment has been under threat due to deforestation, pollution and
oil spills
3. Many birds and animals are getting extinct due to such activities. In
absence ofthe innate harmony and orderliness there will be no happiness
and prosperity.

Que 5.20.| What do you mean by sustainable development ?

Discuss. AKTU 2014-15(TV), Marks 04

AKTU 2017-18(I), Marks 10 |

Answer
Sustainable Development:
1. Sustainable development is often defined as 'wise use of resource such
that it meets the present need without disturbing future generation'.
2. Sustainable development adopts a number of guidelines that were
governed by local ecological condition and the environment as whole.

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3. For instance, sustainable agriculture involved a choice ofthe crop that
most suited a particular season, soil and water regime.
4. It also makes use of organic manure and organic pesticides.
5. It has shown the way to a system of producing food that is least
determined to the environment.
6. Hence, sustainable development works on the principle of ecological
eycle. It realizes the dynamic nature of ecosystems.
7. Hence, sustainable development works on the principle of ecological
cycle.
8. It realizes the dynamie nature of ecosystems.
9 Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human
development goals while at the same time sustaining the ability of natural
systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon
which the economy and society depend.
10. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and
resource use continue to meet human needs without undermining the
integrity and stability of the natural system.
11. Sustainable development can be classified as development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations.

Que 5.21. |Compare any three inputs that you got through this
course with your earlier pre-conditionings and explain how this
will help you play a meaningful role in the society at large after you
graduate. AKTU 2014-151ID, Marks 04
Answeer
1. The solution to this problem is to start verifying our desires, thoughts
and expectations on the basis of our natural acceptance. Since the
natural acceptance of each of us is constant and unchanging, this is
what we should be verifying our desires against. Once we access our
natural acceptance, we have the right understanding of the harmony at
all levels of our living. This results in us being able to see our 'true
nature and understand what we truly want. So our desires start getting
set on the basis of our right understanding. Since our right understanding
is based on harmony at all levels of being, which is definite, our thoughts,
desires and selection become aligned with this right understanding.
This puts an end to all conflicts, contradictions and unhappiness. Thus,
there is harmony within us, within our family, within society and nature
in general.
2. Realization and understanding are two very important aspects of this
state of harmony. Realization means the ability to 'see' the reality as it is.

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Understanding means to be able to see the way all levels of our being
are linked together in a harmonious manner. So, working on the basis
of our natural acceptance in other words means working on the basis of
our realization and understanding. The process then is this: with
realization and understanding, our desires or imagination gets set
according to right understanding. Consequently, our analyzing takes
place according to the desires/imagination, which in turn leads to thought/
analysis becoming the basis for expectations or selection/taste. This
process leads to svatantrata or self-organization. This state of being self
organized leads to continuous happiness as we are able to understand
the harmony at all levels of our living and all desires, thoughts and
expectations become definite. Most importantly, both realization and
understanding help us to have certainty in our behaviour, which helps
to reduce contradictions and the resulting unhappiness.
3. Thus, living with definiteness is the direct result of realization and
understanding. But the problem is that both these activities are not yet
activated in most of us. Once we 'activate these two activities, the process
of self-exploration begins, which leads us to understand our natural
acceptance.
Que 5.22.|Explain Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.

AKTU 2018-19(1), Marks 07

Answer
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology
comprising a five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical
levels within a pyramid.
2. Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals
can attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards,
the needs are: physiological, satety, love and belonging, esteem and self
actualization.
3. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and
that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is
for physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our
behavior. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates
us, and so on.
Physiological needs : These are biological requirements for human
survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. If
these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally.
Maslow considered physiological needs the most important as all the
other needs become secondary until these needs are met.
ii. Safety needs: Protection from elements, security, order, law, stability,
freedom from fear.

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iii. Love and belongingness needs: After physiological and safety needs
have been fulfilled, the third level ofhuman needs is social and involves
feelings of belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships
motivates behavior. Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and
acceptance, receiving and giving aftection and love. Affiliating, being
part of a group (family, friends, work).
iv. Esteem needs: Which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem
for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence ) and (ii) the
desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).Maslow
indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for
children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
V. Self-actualization needs: Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment,
seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A desire "to become
everything one is capable of becoming".

Self
actuali-
zation: Self-fulfillment
needs
achieving one's
full potential,
including creative
activities
Esteem needs:
Prestige and feeling Psychological
of accomplishment needs
Belongingness and leave needs:
Intimate relationships, friends.

Safety needs:
Security, safety Basic
needs
Physiological needs:
Food, water, warmth, rest
Fig. 5.22.1.

VERY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Following questions are very important. These questions
may be asked in your SESSIONALS as well ass
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION.

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Universal Human Values& Professional Ethics 5-21 Y (CC-Sem-3 & 4)

Q.1. What are the values in interaction of human beings with

the material things? Give one example of each.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.1, Unit-5.

Q.2. What is ethical human conduct? Explain in terms ofvalues,

policies and character with appropriate examples.
Q.
Ans Refer 5.3, Unit-5.

Q.3. How will you define work ethics? Discuss the guidelines for
work ethics.
Ans Refer Q. 5.6, Unit-5.

Q.4. What are the reasons of unethical practices in profession

today ? What is the real solution to the above problems ?
Give your opinion.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.8, Unit-5.

Q.5. What are the characteristics of people-friendly & Eco

friendly production system which is sustainable ?
Ans. Refer Q. 5.9, Unit-5.

Q.6. What do you mean by competence in professional ethics?

Elaborate with examples.
Ans Refer Q. 5.10, Unit-5.

Q.7. How do human values affect the life of professionals ?

Illustrate.
Ans: Refer Q. 5.12, Unit-5.

Q.8. Analyze the importance of holistictechnology in the current

scenario with different examples.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.13, Unit-5.

Q.9. How does the career interest of a professional be reconciled

with organizational values ?
Ans. Refer Q. 5.14, Unit-5.

Q. 10. Imagine that you have joined at middle management level

in an organization where you find unethical practices
prevalent. How will you proceed to promote ethics among
your colleagues ? Mention a few steps you may take to
improve the situation without ereating an atmosphere of
opposition.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.17, Unit-5.

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Q.11. What are strategies for transition from the present state to |

universal human order ?

Ans. Refer Q. 5.18, Unit-5.

Q.12. Critically examine the role of'madness for profit' in human

being for the destruction of other three orders of nature.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.19, Unit-5.

Q.13. What do you mean by sustainable development ? Discuss.

Ans: Refer Q. 5.20, Unit-5.

Q.14. Compare any three inputs that you got through this course
with your earlier pre-conditionings and explain how this
will helpP you play a meaningful role in the society at large
after you graduate.
Ans. Refer Q. 5.21, Unit-5.

Q.15. Explain Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.

Ans: Refer Q. 5.22, Unit-5.

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