WBCS(

ANTHROPOLOGYOPTI
ONAL)SYLLABUS
PAPER-I

1.I
ntr
oducingant
hropol
ogy
:Meani
ngandscopeofant
hropol
ogy
.Maj
orbr
anchesof
ant
hropol
ogy:

1.
1Mai
nbr
anchesofAnt
hropol
ogy
,thei
rscopeandr
elev
ance:

(
a)Soci
al-
cul
tur
alAnt
hropol
ogy
,

(
b)Bi
ologi
cal
Ant
hropol
ogy
,

(
c)Ar
chaeol
ogi
cal
Ant
hropol
ogy
,

(
d)Li
ngui
sti
cAnt
hropol
ogy
.

1.2Bri
efoutl
ineoft
hegr
owt
hofant
hropol
ogy
.Enl
i
ght
enment
.Col
oni
ali
sm and
anthr
opology
.

2.Humanev
olut
ionandHomi
nizat
ionpr
ocess:

2.
1Theor
iesofor
gani
cev
olut
ion.Humanev
olut
ionandemer
genceofMan:

(
a)Bi
ologi
cal
andCul
tur
alf
act
orsi
nhumanev
olut
ion,

(
b)Theor
iesofOr
gani
cEv
olut
ion(
Pre-
Dar
wini
an,
Dar
wini
anandPost
-Dar
wini
an)
,

(c)Synt
het
ict
heor
yofev
olut
ion;
Bri
efout
li
neoft
ermsandconcept
sofev
olut
ionar
y
bi
ology.

2.
2Neut
ral
theor
yofmol
ecul
arev
olut
ion.

2.
3Conceptofev
olut
ionar
ybi
ology
:Skel
etal
changes,
(skul
l
,ver
tebr
alcol
umn,
pel
vi
c
gi
rdl
e,hi
ndli
mb).

2.
4Char
act
eri
sti
csofpri
mat
es,
Pri
matecl
assif
icat
ion(
gener
al)
,Feat
uresanddi
str
ibut
ion
ofNewWor
ldMonkey,Ol
dWorl
dMonkey,
AsianandAfri
canApes.

2.
5Theor
iesofhumanor
igi
n.

2.
6Geol
ogi
cal
timescal
ewi
thspeci
alr
efer
encet
oPl
eist
oceneepoch.

2.
7Di
str
ibut
ion,
char
act
eri
sti
csandphy
logenet
icst
atus:

(
a)Par
api
thecus

(
b)Dr
yopi
thecus,
Siv
api
thecus

(
c)Aust
ral
opi
thecusaf
ri
canus,
Aust
ral
opi
thecusaf
arensi
s,Homohabi
l
is
(
d)Homoer
ect
us(
Jav
aMan,
Peki
ngMan)

(
e)Ar
chai
cHomosapi
ens

(
f)Neander
thal
Man–La-
chapel
l
e-Aux-
Sai
nts,
TabunMan

(
g)Anat
omi
cal
l
yModer
nHomosapi
ens–Cr
omagnon,
Gri
mal
di,
Chancel
ade

3.HumanGenet
ics:

3.
1Met
hods–Mendel
i
sm,
Twi
n-st
udy
,Cy
togenet
ics,
Popul
ati
ongenet
ics.

3.2Bi
ologi
calbasi
sofinheri
tance:DNAstr
uctureandrepli
cat
ion,Restr
ict
ionFr
agment
Lengt
hPol ymorphi
sm (RFLP),Var
iabl
eNumberofTandem Repeat (
s)(VNTRs)
,Shor
t
Tandem Repeat
(s)(
STRs)pr ot
einsynt
hesi
s,gene,al
l
ele,cel
ldivi
sion.

3.3ConceptofHumanGenome: nucl
eargenome,mi
tochondri
algenome, Chromosome
andchromosomal aber
rat
ionsi
nman( Numer i
cal
andstruct
uralaber
rat
ions,point
mutati
on),Sat
ell
i
teDNA.

3.
4Patt
ernsofinheri
tance–autosomal
,sex-
chr
omosomal
,mul
ti
fact
ori
al,
pol
ygeni
c,sex
det
ermi
nati
on,sexinfl
uenced.

3.5Appli
cati
onofhumangenet ics–consanguini
ty,
inbr
eeding,genet
icload,genet
ic
counsel
li
ng,forensi
canthropology,
personal
identi
fi
cati
on,pater
nityi
denti
ficat
ion,
DNA
fi
ngerpr
int
ing,dermatogl
yphics.

4.Humanv
ari
ati
on:

4.
1ConceptofRace,
raci
sm.

4.
2Basi
sofvar
iat
ion–Morphol
ogical
(hai
r,ey
e)metr
ic(st
atur
e,headshape),
Pol
ymor
phi
c(geneti
cmar
ker)–bloodgroup(ABO,
Rh),Hb,PGM,HP, Y-
chromosomeSTR,
mtDNA.

4.
3ConceptofHumanphy
siqueandsomat
oty
pe.

4.
4Conceptofet
hni
cgr
oups–Mongol
oid,
Caucasoi
d,Negr
oid,
Aust
ral
oid.

5.HumanGr
owt
handNut
ri
ti
on:

5.
1Conceptofhumangr
owt
h,st
agesofgr
owt
h–Pr
e-nat
al,
Post
-nat
al,
Adol
escent
.

5.2Factor
saff
ect
ingt
hegr
owt
handdev
elopment–genet
ic,
env
ironment
al,
nut
ri
ti
onal
,
soci
o-economi
c.
5.
3Met
hodol
ogyofgr
owt
hst
udy
.

6.ConceptofHeal
thanddi
sease:

6.
1ConceptofCommuni cabl
eandNon-Communicabl
ediseases.(
Mal
ari
aandTy
pe-
2
di
abet
esrespect
ivel
y).Nut
ri
ti
onDef
ici
encyrel
ateddi
seases.

6.
2Nut
ri
ti
on–conceptofMacr
oandMi
cronut
ri
ent
sandDef
ici
ency
.

7.Humanadapt
ati
on:

7.
1ConceptofHumanadapt
ati
onandaccl
i
mat
izat
ion–hot
,col
dandhi
ghal
ti
tude.
Ber
gman’sandAll
en’
sRul
es.

7.
2Anthropomet
ryandit
susesinunderst
andi
nghumanadapt
ati
on(BMIandCI
),
Physi
ologi
cal
var
iabl
e(bl
oodpressur
e,pul
serat
e),
Bodycomposi
ti
on(f
atpat
ter
ning)
.

8.Cul
tur
alev
olut
ion:

8.
1Tool
typol
ogyandt
echnol
ogyoft
ool
manuf
act
uri
ng.

8.
2Excav
ati
on,
Expl
orat
ion,
Sit
esur
vey
,Appl
i
cat
ionofGI
S

8.
3ConceptofDat
ing:
Absol
ute(
C14,
K-Ar
)Rel
ati
ve(
Dendr
ochr
onol
ogyandSt
rat
igr
aphy
).

8.
4Feat
uresanddi
str
ibut
ionofpr
ehi
stor
iccul
tur
eswi
thr
efer
encet
oIndi
aandEur
ope:

(
a)Pal
eol
i
thi
c

(
b)Mesol
i
thi
c

(
c)Neol
i
thi
c

(
d)Chal
col
i
thi
c

(
e)I
ronAge.

9.Theor
iesandconceptofcul
tur
eandsoci
ety:

9.
1Briefoutl
i
neofAnthropol
ogical
Theori
es:Ev
olutioni
sm,Dif
fusi
onism,Funct
ional
i
sm,
St
ruct
urali
sm, Sy
mboli
sm andInter
pret
ati
veApproach,Post
-st
ruct
urali
sm andPost-
modernism–Hermeneut
icsandPhenomenologi
cal Anthr
opol
ogy.

9.
2Concept(
bri
efout
li
ne)
:Soci
alst
ruct
ure,
Soci
alor
gani
zat
ion,
Gender
,Inst
it
uti
on,
Group,
Communit
y.
10.Cul
tur
eandci
vi
li
zat
ion:

10.
1Def
ini
ti
onandf
eat
uresofcul
tur
eandci
vi
li
zat
ion.

10.
2Cult
ural
rel
ati
vi
sm,
Accul
tur
ati
on,
Encul
tur
ati
on,
Dif
fusi
on,
Cul
tur
all
ag,
Wor
ldv
iew,
Symbol
.

10.
3Ant
hropol
ogi
cal
appr
oachest
othest
udyofci
vi
li
zat
ion.

11.El
ement
sofsoci
alor
gani
zat
ion:

11.
1Fami
l
y–Def
ini
ti
on,
Types,
funct
ions,
recentchanges.

11.
2Marri
age–Def i
nit
ion,Types,functi
ons,r
ecentchanges.Marr
iagepay
ments(dowr
y
andbr
ideweal
th)
.Incestregulat
ion,Pref
erent
ialandprescr
ibedf
ormsofmarr
iage.

11.
3Kinshi
p-Def
ini
ti
onofki
nshi
psy
stem.I
mpor
tance,
Typesofki
nshi
psy
stems,
kint
erm
cl
assi
fi
cati
on.

11.
4Rul
esofDescentandal
l
iance,
Rul
esofr
esi
dence,
Descentgr
oups.

12.Economi
cAnt
hropol
ogy:

12.
1Conceptandappr
oaches.

12.
2Maj orway
sofsubsi
stence–Hunt
ing-
gat
her
ing,
Past
oral
i
sm,
Hor
ti
cul
tur
eandSet
tl
ed
Agr
icul
ture.

12.
3Pr oduct
ion,
Dist
ri
but
ion(
Reci
proci
ty,
Mar
ketexchange,
Re-
dist
ri
but
ion)
,Consumpt
ion,
Gif
texchange.

12.
4Peasant
.

13.Pol
it
icalant
hropol
ogy:

13.
1Def
ini
ti
onandappr
oach.

13.
2Power
,aut
hor
it
y,soci
alcont
rol
,l
aw,
soci
alsanct
ion,
gov
ernance.

13.
3Concept
sofBand,
Tri
be,
Chi
efdom andSt
ate.

13.4Poli
ti
calmovement-Appr
oachesofstudy,Typesofsoci
o-pol
i
tical
mov
ement
s
(Revi
tal
i
zati
on,Messi
anic,
Soci
alsol
idar
it
y,regi
onalandEthni
c).

13.
5Et
hni
ci
ty–Def
ini
ti
on,
conceptofet
hni
cboundar
y.
14.Ant
hropol
ogyofr
eli
gion:

14.
1Def
ini
ti
onofr
eli
gion,
funct
ionsofr
eli
gion.

14.
2Approachest
othest
udyofr
eli
gion(
int
ell
ect
ual
,psy
chol
ogi
cal
,funct
ional
,
i
nter
pret
ati
ve).

14.
3Concepts:Myth,
magi
c,wi
tchcr
aft
,sor
cer
y,t
aboo,
tot
em,
div
inat
ion,
rit
ual
s,
symbol
i
sm inrel
igi
on.

14.
4Rel
i
giousspeci
ali
sts–shaman,
wit
ch-
doct
or,
pri
est
.

15.Soci
alst
rat
if
icat
ion:

15.
1Def
ini
ti
onandf
eat
ures.

15.
2Theor
ies/
appr
oaches.

15.
3Ty
pes–Cast
eandcl
ass.

15.
4Concept
s:St
atus,
rol
e,age-
set
/age-
grade,
soci
almobi
l
ity
.

16.Ecol
ogi
calant
hropol
ogy:

16.
1Def
ini
ti
on,
scopeandappr
oaches/
met
hodsofecol
ogi
cal
ant
hropol
ogy
.

16.
2Conceptofcul
tur
eecol
ogy
.

17.Emer
gingf
iel
dsofsoci
al-
cul
tur
alant
hropol
ogy:

17.
1Dev
elopmentant
hropol
ogy–Def
ini
ti
onandscope,
dev
elopment
,gl
obal
i
zat
ion.

17.
2Legal
ant
hropol
ogyandHumanRi
ght
s.

17.
3Ant
hropol
ogyofcommuni
cat
ion–v
isual
ant
hropol
ogy
,massmedi
a,popul
arcul
tur
e.

17.
4Ant
hropol
ogyofgender
.

18.Basi
cmet
hodsofdat
acol
lect
ionandi
nter
pret
ati
on:

18.
1Qual
i
tat
iveandquant
it
ati
veappr
oaches,
ethnogr
aphy
,fi
eldwor
k.

18.
2Basicmet
hods/
techni
quesofdat
acol
l
ect
ion–obser
vat
ion(
speci
alr
efer
ence
par
ti
cipant
obser
vat
ion)
,int
erv
iew,
casest
udy
,schedul
e,quest
ionnai
re,
geneal
ogy
,PRAandRRA.

18.3Appli
cat
ionofstat
ist
ical
pri
nci
ples–Descr
ipt
ivest
ati
sti
cs–cent
ralt
endency(mean,
median,mode),st
andar
ddev i
ati
on,
standar
derr
or,
Testi
ngofhypot
hesi
s:t-
test
,chi
-squar
e
test
.

PAPER-I
I

1.Hi
stor
yandDev
elopmentofAnt
hropol
ogyi
nIndi
a:

1.
1Col
oni
ali
sm andAnt
hropol
ogyi
nIndi
a.

1.
2Phasesofdev
elopmentandmaj
ort
rendsofAnt
hropol
ogyi
nIndi
a

1.
3IdeaofI
ndiantr
adi
ti
onofAnthr
opology
.Contr
ibuti
onofIndi
anschol
ars:
S.C.
Roy
,N.
K.
Bose,
M.N.Sri
niv
as,D.
N.Majumdar,
T.C.Das,
S.C.SinhaandS.S.Sar
kar
.

2.Ev
olut
ionofI
ndi
ancul
tur
eandci
vi
li
zat
ion:

2.
1Pr
ehi
stor
iccul
tur
es:
Pal
aeol
i
thi
c,Mesol
i
thi
c,Neol
i
thi
c,Chal
col
i
thi
c,I
ronage.

2.
2IndusVal
leyCi
vili
zati
on(
ori
gin,
dist
ribut
ion,f
eatureswi
thspeci
alr
efer
encet
o
ar
chit
ect
ural
,soci
o-economi
candreli
gious;decl
ine;I
ndusscr
ipt
.)

2.
3Vedi
csoci
ety(
ear
lyandl
ate)
:Soci
ety
,economyandpol
i
ty.

2.
4Cont
ri
but
ionoft
ri
bal
cul
tur
est
oIndi
anci
vi
li
zat
ion.

2.
5Ethnoar
chaeol
ogyi
nIndi
awi
thspeci
alr
efer
encet
omor
tuar
ypr
act
icesandmegal
i
thi
c
bur
ial
s.

3.Emer
genceofmani
nIndi
aandcont
empor
aryv
ari
ati
on:

3.
1Fossi
lremai
nsi
nIndi
a:Ramapi
thecus,
Nar
madaman.

3.
2Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofI
ndi
anpopul
ati
on:
H.H.Ri
sley
,B.
S.GuhaandS.
S.Sar
kar
.

3.
3Contempor
arycl
assi
fi
cat
ionbasedonmor
phol
ogy
,ant
hropomet
ryandgenet
ic
marker
s(ABO,
Hb,HP,mtDNA).

4.Demogr
aphi
cPr
ofi
leofI
ndi
a:

4.
1Demogr
aphy
:concept
,theor
iesandmet
hods.

4.
2St
ruct
ureandf
eat
uresofI
ndi
anpopul
ati
on;
Rat
esandRat
ios:
Fer
ti
li
ty,
Mor
tal
i
ty;
Factorsi
nfl
uencingfer
ti
li
tyandmortal
i
ty.Dynamicsofdemogr
aphyi
nrur
al,
urbanand
tr
ibalcont
exts.Migr
ati
onandeffect
sofmi gr
ati
on.

4.
3Li
ngui
sti
cel
ement
sinI
ndi
anpopul
ati
on(
Gri
ersonandS.
K.Chat
ter
jee)
.

5.Ant
hropol
ogi
calappr
oachest
oIndi
anci
vi
li
zat
ion:

5.
1Cul
tur
alcat
egor
iesofanci
entI
ndi
a:Var
nashr
am,
Pur
ushar
tha,
Kar
maandRebi
rt
h.

5.
2Cast
esyst
em –ori
gin,featur
es,
funct
ionsandchangei
ncast
esy
stem,
Domi
nant
Cast
e,Jaj
mani sy
st em.

5.
3St
ruct
ureofI
ndi
anci
vi
li
zat
ion:
Theor
eti
cal
under
standi
ng(
R.Redf
iel
d,N.
K.Bose)
.

5.
4Conceptsforunder
standi
ngIndi
anci
vi
li
zat
ion:
Sanskr
it
izati
on,
Uni
ver
sali
zat
ion-
Par
ochial
i
zati
on,Tri
be-
peasant&Tri
be-
cast
econti
nuum,StateFor
mat
ionandSacred
Complex.

5.5I
deaoffol
kandf
olkcul
tur
e,f
olkl
ori
celementsinI
ndiancul
ture(pr
ov er
bs,f
olksong,
fol
kar
twit
hspeci
alr
efer
encetoWestBengal)
,fol
kl
oreandidenti
ty,
performances.

5.
6ImpactofBuddhi
sm,
Jai
nism,
Isl
am,
Chr
ist
iani
tyonI
ndi
ansoci
ety
.

6.Aspect
sofI
ndi
anv
il
lage:

6.
1Dev
elopmentofv
il
lagest
udyi
nIndi
aandi
tssi
gni
fi
cance.

6.
2Ty
pesofv
il
lage,
soci
alor
gani
zat
ionofI
ndi
anv
il
lage(
agr
icul
tur
al)
.

6.
3Concept
sdev
elopedt
hroughv
il
lagest
udi
esi
nIndi
a.

6.
4Changesi
nrur
alsoci
etyi
npost
-I
ndependentI
ndi
a.

7.Weakersect
ions:

7.
1ConceptsofSC,
ST,OBC,mi
nor
it
y,women,chi
l
dren,
aged–st
atus,
const
it
uti
onal
pr
ovi
sions,
probl
ems,pr
ogr
ammesofdevel
opment.

7.
2Li
ngui
sti
cmi
nor
it
yandi
tspr
obl
ems.

8.Tr
ibalsi
tuat
ioni
nIndi
a:

8.
1Ethni
cstrai
nsi
nIndi
anpopul
ati
on,
Geogr
aphi
cal
,Economi
candl
i
ngui
sti
cdi
str
ibut
ion
ofI
ndi
antri
bes.
8.
2Maj
orpr
obl
emsofI
ndi
ant
ri
beswi
thspeci
alr
efer
encet
oissuesofl
andandf
orest
.

8.
3Planandprogr
ammesf ort
hedev
elopmentoft
heSTs;
probl
ems/
cri
ti
queoft
ri
bal
devel
opment
;fi
veyearpl
ansandI
ndi
antri
bes–arevi
ew.

8.
4Const
it
uti
onal
saf
eguar
dsf
orSTs,
5thand6t
hSchedul
es.

8.5Socio-economicchangesintri
balmil
lieu–Impactofurbanizat
ion, i
ndust
ri
ali
zati
on,
forestpoli
cy,devel
opmentproject
sont r
ibalpeopl
e.Changesintri
bal soci
etyi
ncolonial
andpost -
Independentper
iods.Impactofmoder ndemocrat
icinsti
tut
ionsont r
adit
ional
polit
ical
sy st
em.

8.
6Tr ibal
movement(Natur
eanddist
ri
buti
on),
EmergenceofEthni
city
,IssuesofI
dent
it
y,
Tri
beandNation-
Stat
e,Indi
anNat
ionalMovementandIndi
antr
ibes,Regional
ism,
Jharkhandmovement,Sant
almov
ement .

9.Ant
hropol
ogyofdev
elopment
:

9.
1Cri
ti
que,appr
oaches,i
ssuesofwomendevel
opment,cul
tural
fact
orsofdevel
opment
,
di
spl
acementandrehabi
tat
ion,
sust
ainabl
edev
elopment
,alt
ernati
vetodevel
opment.

9.
2Rol
eofNGOi
ndev
elopment
.

9.
3Rol
eofant
hropol
ogyi
ndev
elopment
.

10.Emer
gingi
ssuesi
nIndi
anAnt
hropol
ogy
:

10.1HumanRight
sandadv
ocacyofant
hropol
ogyi
nthecont
ext
sofwomen,
chi
l
dren,
healt
handeducat
ion.

10.
2Social
-cul
tur
aldi
mensi
onsofheal
th:
Bio-
medi
cal
,medi
cal
ant
hropol
ogyandet
hno
medici
ne.

10.3Issuesi
ncontext:
Sect,
Cult,
Reli
gionspl
ural
i
sm inIndia,
Visual
imageandIndian
societ
y,Publ
icCul
tureinI
ndia,
Refugee,Ci
vi
lSoci
ety
,Violence,Tr
adit
ional
Knowledge.