Business Mathematics

Grade 11 Week 4: Module 3

First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Hyacinth A. Mapanao

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team Illustrator:
Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Erlinda M. Dela Peña, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Mathematics
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
Business Mathematics
Week 4: Module 3
 Target

Different kinds of proportion or proportional relationships are solved in distinct ways.

In your previous module, you have learned the different kinds of proportion and how are
they applied in real-life situations.

This module will delve more concepts of proportion. It contains comprehensive

lessons on how to solve problems involving the different kinds of proportion, and set
of activities to help you practice your skills.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
1. solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive
proportion (ABM_BM11RP-If-4).

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic. Answer the
activities on the next page.

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 Jumpstart

Are you ready to unlock concepts? Do the following activities to get started. Good
luck and have fun!

Activity 1: Write it!

Directions: Read the problems below and write a proportional equation for each.

1. An inheritance of 2.5 million pesos is to be divided among Hannah, Sanny,

and Tyzer with the ratio 2:3:5. How much does each receive?

2. If 35 men can reap the rice field in 8 days, how many days can 20 men reap
the same rice field?

3. If 15 bottles of hand wash cost Php 375.00, how much do 4 dozens of bottles
cost?

Activity 2: Find k!
Directions: Examine the given table and determine if the relationship is proportional. If
yes, determine the constant of proportionality.

Pack of Oatmeal ( ) 4 7 5 3 8

Grams of Protein (y) 460 805 575 345 920

Discover

In your previous module, you have learned the different types of proportion, which are
as follows:

Types of Proportion
1. Direct Proportion
Two variables ( and ) vary such that as increases, also increases, or as decreases,
also decreases proportionally. Or that is, the ratio is always

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 the same. The same holds true with the ratio .
2. Indirect/Inverse Proportion
Two variables ( and ) vary such that as increases, decreases, or as decreases,
increases proportionally. Or that is, the product of and is always the same.
3. Partitive Proportion
In this type of proportion, a whole is divided into parts.

Now, let’s talk about Constant of Proportionality. Another way to prove if a given
proportion is true is through constant proportionality . The value of the constant of
proportionality depends on the kind of proportion we have between two quantities.

For direct proportion, or that is, is directly proportional to , then we have where is
the constant of proportionality.

For indirect/inverse proportion, or that is, is inversely proportional to , then we have

where is the constant of proportionality.

The previous module provided you examples of problems/situations involving each

kind of proportion. Now, let’s recall those examples and solve them one by one,
applying the cross product rule to solve for the missing terms, and the constant of
proportionality in order to prove that we have a proportion.

Previous Examples:
1. Two pots of cactus cost Php 130.00. How much do 5 pots of cactus cost? What
type of proportion is this?
Solution: Let be the missing term or the cost of 5 pots of cactus. That is,
. Applying cross product rule, we have, s h. Or that is, . The

th
more pots, the higher the cost. That is, both quantities are increasing. Therefore, this
is an example of direct proportion.
To check, let’s apply the constant of proportionality. Since we have identified this
problem as direct proportion, our equations will be in the form . That is, and
t . Or that is, and , respectively. Since we have an equal value of , we can conclude
that this is a proportion.

2. Two men can finish planting rice in a hectare of rice field for four days. At the
same rate, how many days will it take for 8 men to do the job? What type of
proportion is this?
Solution: Let be the missing term or the days it will take for 8 men to finish the
job. That is, . Or we have, . The more number of workers, the lesser

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 number of days to finish the job. That is, as one quantity increases, the other
quantity decreases. Therefore, this is an example of indirect/inverse proportion.

To check, let’s apply the constant of proportionality. Since we have identified this
problem as indirect/inverse proportion, our equations will be in the form
. That is, and . Or that is, and , respectively. Since we have an equal
value of , we can conclude that this is a proportion.

3. A cash incentive worth Php 30,000.00 is to be divided by 3 families with the ratio
t k, how much does each family receives? What type of proportion is this?
Solution: The ratio t k indicates that h t h k i portions. Therefore, Php 30,000.00 is
to be divided into 8 portions. That is, . Or that is, Php 3,750.00 per
portion.

This shows division of whole into parts. Therefore, this is an example of partitive
proportion.

Explore

You’re now ready to level up! Here’s another set of fun activities to practice your
skills!

Activity 1: Color Me Proportionally!

Direction: Solve for the missing term in each proportion. Color all the spaces having
the value of your answer with the indicated color in each number.

Solve for Color it…

(Show your solution.)

1. green

2.
violet

3. blue

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4. orange

5. violet

6.
green
t kt

7. blue

8. yellow

9. t s
yellow

10. orange

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Activity 2: Write and Solve!
Directions: Read the following problems, Write a proportion for each and solve for the
value of .

1. A boy who is 3 feet tall can cast a shadow on the ground that is 7 feet long. How tall
is a man who can cast a shadow that is 14 feet long?

2. 3 gallons of paint cover 900 square feet. How many gallons will cover 300 square
feet?
3. A particular cookie recipe calls for 225 grams of flour for one batch of thirty cookies.
Jade would like to make as many cookies as possible for the upcoming block party,
and flour is his only constraint (he's got loads of sugar, eggs, etc.). If he has 1.206
kilograms of flour, and assuming that all cookies are the same size, approximately
how many cookies can he make? (Round to an appropriate whole number.)

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Activity 3: The Proportional Story
Direction: Look for proportions that were mentioned in the story below and list 5 in
the space provided.
Sara and Dina are neighbors and are best friends. Both were from a family
who runs business. Sara’s family has a plant shop. They sell 4 pots of mini cactus
for Php 200.00. I wonder how much do 17 pots cost. Also, Sara can finish repotting
and decorating 150 succulents in a week. I think, Sara and her two siblings, at the
same rate, can do the repotting faster. On the other hand, Dina and her family run
a fried chicken business. Dina, together with her brother, can fry 500 pieces of
chicken in two days. I guess, it will take Dina more days to fry 500 pieces in the
same rate alone. Dina’s mother sells one dozen of fried chicken for Php 300.00. I
wonder how much do 20 pieces of fried chicken cost. Sara’s family earns a net
income of Php 8,000.00 a month, to be divided into needs, wants, and savings with
the ratio 5:3:2 respectively. How much do you think will be allotted to each? On the
other hand, Dina’s family has a monthly income of Php 9,500.00 which will be
allotted to their needs, wants, and savings with the same ratio as Sara’s family.
How much do you think will be allotted to each?

Proportion (e.g. h
) Kind of Proportion Value of

Deepen

Congratulations! You’ve earned another badge! Here’s another fun activity to

strengthen your skills!

Activity: DIY in Proportion!

Directions: Read the following and do as instructed.

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 A. A rectangular table for two measures 68 cm long and 42 cm wide. Suppose
you are going to make a table for your family (indicate your family size, e.g. 6)
in proportion to this, what will be the measurements? Show complete solution.

B. Suppose you can finish cleaning your whole house for 8 hours. How long will
it take you and your family members (indicate family size, e.g. 6) to clean your
whole house? Show complete solution.

C. Suppose you won one million pesos in a raffle draw and you’re going to divide
the prize with the ratio as follows: 2 portions for your father; 2 portions for
your mother; 1 portion for each of you and your siblings (indicate number of
siblings if there’s any). How much will each of you get?
Show complete solution.

Gauge

Congratulations! You’ve earned all the badges. Time to use your skills!

Directions: Read and analyze the following problems carefully. Use separate sheet
to solve for the values of . Show complete solution.

1. Jera and his sister can finish painting their whole house for 5 days. At the same
rate, how many days will it take them together with their mom and dad to finish
the job?
2. A copy machine can duplicate 2,400 copies in one hour. How many copies can it
make per minute?
3. Patient XYZ is receiving 1 liter of IV fluids every 8 hours. At that rate, how much
will he receive in 3 hours?
4. If it takes two weeks for 4 men to build a house, how many days will it take for 9
men to do the same job? What type of proportion is illustrated? Why do you think
so?
5. A liter of lemon juice is to be divided among the three kids, Ciara, Dane, and Nash
in the following portion: Dane’s share is thrice as Ciara’s while Nash’s share is
four times as Ciara’s. How many milliliters of juice will each one get?
6. Covy consumes 23 megabyte (MB) of mobile data in 30 minutes. How many
megabytes of mobile data can he consume in 8 hours?
7. If a 2-liter carbonated drink contains 60 kilocalories for every 200 ml, how many
kilocalories does it contain in total?

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 8. If it takes 125 days for 5 members to complete a research, how many members
are need to complete the same research in 25 days?
9. Three friends Judy, Shana, and Maria put up a tea shop. They agreed to divide
their monthly net income with the ratio 1:3:4 respectively, according to how much
they’ve contributed in the capital. If their net income for this month is Php
8,400.00, how much does each one gets?
10. If 8 men can deliver 500 parcels in one day, how many days will it take for 3 men
to deliver the same parcels?
11. In a recent election for SSG President, Inigo received 7 votes for every 5 votes that
Joao receives. How many votes did each of them received if 444 votes were cast?
12. Jase spends 7 hours a day using his gadgets. How many hours of using gadgets
did he spent for the month of July?
13. In an orchard of 2,700 trees, there are mangoes, duhat, and rambutan in a ratio
of 7:3:2. How many trees of each kind are there?
14. A 2000-watt water heater can boil water in 240 seconds. If the power is reduced
to 1000 watts, how long will it take to boil water?
15. The length of three ring light stands are in the ratio 1:2:4. If their total length is
4 meters, how long is each stand?
References
Huntington, M. (n.d.). Retrieved from Classroom:
https://classroom.synonym.com/handson-activities-ratios-
proportions8375148.html

Unit, K. t. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics. 4th
Floor, Commission on Higher Education, C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon
City: Commission on Higher Education.

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