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Transfer Structures

Transfer structures are building elements that transfer vertical loads between structural systems. The document describes 11 types of transfer structures including simple transfer beams, transfer slabs, load sharing beams, vierendeel frames, transfer trusses, transfer decks, inclined columns, walking columns, funicular arches, and suspension systems. Diagrams provide examples of how each type can be used.

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485 views9 pages

Transfer Structures

Transfer structures are building elements that transfer vertical loads between structural systems. The document describes 11 types of transfer structures including simple transfer beams, transfer slabs, load sharing beams, vierendeel frames, transfer trusses, transfer decks, inclined columns, walking columns, funicular arches, and suspension systems. Diagrams provide examples of how each type can be used.

Uploaded by

Tuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

TRM 195

TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 1 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

INTRODUCTION

Transfer structures are required where vertical load carrying elements cannot be taken through
directly to foundations. There are many ways of achieving this, examples are illustrated below.

TRANSFER SYSTEMS

Simple transfer beam


Relies on flexural and shear strength and
consequently can be relatively deep and costly.

Two-way transfer beam


Both beams act as transfer beams.

Transfer slab
Deep structure usually at ground or first
floor level designed as a grillage or two-
way spanning structure.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 2 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Load sharing beams


A system of beams stacked above each other
designed to share load according to their
relative stiffnesses.

Vierendeel frame
Similar to the load sharing beam arrangement
but designed to take account of moment
connections between columns and beams.

Vierendeel truss
A storey height truss with a central vierendeel
bay. The vierendeel bay is designed to deal
with asymmetric geometry or loadings.
See figure 1.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 3 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

V frame
Used in building perimeters where diagonals can be
expressed in the elevations – all members are
designed for axial loads only, the diagonals in tension.

A frame
Similar to the V frame but diagonal members designed
for compression and usually taken through two
storeys.

Transfer truss
Storey height structure often used to
transfer column loads at offsets.
See figure 2.

Transfer deck
A whole floor level used to transfer
loads from one system of columns to
another and often accommodated
within mechanical equipment levels.
See figure 3.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 4 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Y columns
Checks must be undertaken to ensure out
of balance loads are dealt with.

Inclined column
A simple and efficient way of transferring
load.
See figures 4 and 5.

Walking column
Method of using inclined columns or fin
walls to offset column loads. The
structure must be designed for the
horizontal push and pull loads generated
by the transfer. Walking columns are
often used one above the other to
gradually transfer loads through multiple
storeys.
See figures 6 and 7.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 5 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

High level transfer


Architectural constraints may require the transfer
structure to be positioned at high level but this
arrangement can result in buildability problems.
The long load paths are inherently inefficient.

Multi-storey V frame
More efficient than the high level transfer but still
with the buildability and long load path
disadvantages.
See figure 8.

Funicular arch
Used where very large spans are
required.
See figures 9 and 10.

Suspension system
Again only used where very large spans are
required.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 6 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Figure 1. Vierendeel truss (London Wall, London).

Figure 2. Transfer truss.

Figure 3. Transfer deck.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 7 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Figure 4. Inclined columns.

Figure 5. Inclined columns


(City Thameslink station,
London).

Figure 6. Walking columns (Knightsbridge


Crown Court conversion, London) used to
transfer an orthogonal superstructure grid
to a substructure car park grid.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 8 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Figure 7. Walking columns (Fetter Lane, London).

Figure 8. Multi-storey V frame


(Mid-City Place, High Holborn,
London).

Figure 9. Funicular arch.

WSP Group
TRM 195
TECHNICAL REFERENCE Rev 1

MANUAL Date 6/05


Civil & Structural
Page 9 of 9
TRANSFER STRUCTURES

Figure 10. Funicular arch with vierendeel


truss behind (London Wall, London).

Figure 11. Multi-storey diagonal tie


(25 Gresham Street, London).

Author: Ron Slade, WSP Cantor Seinuk, London


Sponsor: Group Technical Centre
Revision record
6/05 Rev 1, first issue

WSP Group

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