Complex Numbers–1

MATHEMATICS
Complex Numbers

1 1 1
1. (i) Prove that If |Z1| = |Z2| = |Z3| = 1 then |Z1 + Z2 + Z3| =   .
Z1 Z2 Z3
| z z  4z 3 z1  9z1z 2 |
(ii) If |z1| = 1, |z2| = 2, |z3| = 3 , then find the value of 2 3 .
| z1  z 2  z 3 |
(iii) Let on the complex plane z1, z2, z3 be points lying on the circles |z1| = 3 , |z2| = 2 and |z3| = 1 respectively
z1z 2  3z 2 z 3  2z 3z1 2z1  3z 2  6z 3
then the complex number . will lie on the circle
z1z 2  z 2 z 3  z 3z1 z1  z 2  z 3
(A) |z| = 2 (B) |z| = 3 (C) |z| = 5 (D) |z| = 6
2. (i) Show that the roots of the equation a0 + a1z + a2z2 + a3z3 + ... anzn = 3 where |a2|  2, i = 1, 2, 3, ... , n. be outside
the circle with centre at origin and radius 1/3.
(ii) All the roots of the equation 2z6 + 3z5 – 9z + 4 = 0 lie
(A) on the circle |z| = 1 (B) outside the circle |z| = 4/9
(C) within the circle |z| =1 (D) one the circle |z| = 4/9
3. Find |z|max. , |z|min. and the corresponding z in the following cases :
(i) |z - 4/z| = 2 (ii) |z + 4/z| = 3
4. If |z|  1, |w|  1. Show that |z - w|2  (|z| - |w|)2 + (arg z - argw)2.
5. (i) Let Z2 - Z = purely real than prove that either Z = Z or Re(Z) = 1/2.
(ii) For complex nos z and w, prove that |z|2 w - |w|2 z = z - w if and only if z = w and z w = 1.
16
(iii) The number of solution(s) of the equation z2 = 4z + |z|2 + , where z = x + iy (x, yR, x  2) is
| z |3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 5
6. (i) If iz3 + z2 - z + i = 0 then show that |z| = 1.
(ii) If i4z4 + i3z3 + i2z2 + iz + 1 = z2, find the value of |z|.
(iii) Find all non-zero complex nos. satisfying z = iz2.
7. If z1z2 c, z12 + z22 R, z1 (z12 - 3z22) = 2 and z2(3z12 - z22) = 11 the find the value of z12 + z22.
8. Locate all the points on complex plane corresponding to the complex number Z, satisfying
(i) |Z| = 1 (ii) |Z + 2i|  3
(iii) |Z - i|  |Z + i| (iv) |Z - 3 - 4i| = |Z + 1|
(v) arg Z = /6 (vi) arg (Z - 1) = /2
(vii) -/6  arg (Z - i)  /2 (viii) arg (Z - 1) - arg (Z + 1) = /3
 Z  3i 
(ix) arg   = /2
 Z4 
9. The locus z which lies in shaded region (excluding the y
boundries), where Q
P  (–1, 0), Q  (–1 + 2, 2)
R  (–1 + 2 , – 2 ), S  (1, 0) is represented by
(A) z: |z + 1| > 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < /4 O x
P S
(B) z : |z – 1| > 2 and |arg (z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < /2
R
(D) z : |z – 1| < 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < /2

10. (i) If z1, z2, z3 are in A.P. then they lie on

(A) a straight line (B) a circle
(C) a parabola (D) an ellipse
z
(ii) If |z| = 1 and z  ±1, then all the value of lie on
1  z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) | z | 2
Complex Numbers–2
(C) the x-axis (D) the y-axis
11. (i) Let |Z1 - 1| = |Z2 - 1| = |Z3 - 1| then prove that Z1 + Z2 + Z3 = 3 if and only if ABC is equilateral.
(ii) Statement–1 : Let z1, z2, z3 be three complex numbers such that |3z1 + 1| = |3z2 + 1| = |3z3 + 1| and 1 + z1 + z2 +
z3 = 0 then z1, z2 , z3 will represent vertices of an equilateral triangle on the complex plane.
because
Statement–2 : z1, z2, z3 represent vertices of an equilateral triangle if z12 + z22 + z32 + z1z2+ z2z3 + z3z1 = 0
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False
(D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
12. (i) The line AB is rotated about A in anticlockwise sense through an angle of 45°. The new position of point B is
now moved away from the point A on the new line through a distance of 30 units. Find the final position of the point
B if it was initially at (9, 8) and A is (1, 2).
(ii) If the two vertices of an equilateral triangle are (0, 0) and (72 , 56 3 ) find the third vertex which is in the IInd
quadrant.
(iii) If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2 + 3i . Find the other vertices of
the square.
| z |2
(iv) Prove that area of the triangle with vertices at z, iz and z + iz is .
2
13. (i) Let A, B, C, D be four concyclic points in order in which AD : AB = CD : CB. If A, B, C are represented by
complex nos. a, b, c find the complex number associated with point D.
(ii) Let p be a point on the circumcircle of the triangle ABC whose vertices A, B, C are represented by the complex
numbers 2, 2i and -4 (P, A, B, C are in order) respectively, such that PA. BC = PC . AB. Find the complex number
associated with the mid point of PB ( is a non real cube root of unity).
14. (i) If z = a and z = b be two points on the circle |z| = r then find the complex number representing the point of
intersection of tangents at z = a and z = b (in terms of a and b).
(ii) Let ABC be a triangle with AB = AC and whose circumcentre is at origin. Let the vertices A, B, C are
represented by the complex number z1, z2, z3 respectively then
(z 2  z3 ) 2
Statement–1 : The complex number is purely real
(z1  z 2 ) (z1  z 3 )
because
Statement–2 : DOF = EOD where O is origin and D, E, F are respectively the mid–points of the sides BC, CA
and AB.
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for Statement–1
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True; Statement–2 NOT a correct explanation for Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False
(D) Statement –1 is False, statement–2 is True.
15. Let A and B be two points on complex plane representing the complex nos. Za and Zb, are lying on a circle whose
centre is at origin. Let C(Zc) be the mid–point of AB.
Column – I Column – II
(A) If P(Zp) be the point on the circle such that (p) Za Z b
PA = PB and APB < /2 then Zp is
(B) If P(Zp) be the point on the circle such that (q) –Za Zb
PA = PB and APB > /2 then Zp is
(C) If P(Zp) and Q(Zq) be two points (on the either sides (r) Za Zb
of AB) lying on the circle such that PQ is
perpendicular to AB then Zp Zq is
(D) If P(Zp) be a point lying outside the circle such that (s) – Z Z
a b
AB is chord of contact of the point P w.r.t. the circle
then Zp Zc is
16. Let , ,  be three complex numbers representing three vertices of a triangle ABC such that
|| = || = ||. Perpendiculars from points A, B and C on the opposite sides meet the circumcircle of the triangle ABC
Complex Numbers–3


at D, E and F respectively. Prove that the complex number representing the point D is - . Hence show that

 2 2  2  2   2  2
orthocentre of DEF is represented by exp (i)

17. If z1 and z2 be roots of the equation z2 + pz + q = 0, where p and q may be complex nos. Let A and B represent z 1
and z2 in the complex plane. If AOB =   0 and OA = OB, where O is origin, prove that p2 = 4q cos2 (/2).
18. (i) Find the complex no. z nearest to origin and satisfying |z - 2 + 2i| = 1.
(ii) Let |z1| = 15, |z2 - 3 - 4i| = 5. Find |z1 - z2|min and |z1 - z2|max.
(iii) Let |z - 25i|  15. Find |z|max, |z|min , (argz) max, (arg)min and corresponding complex numbers.
a b c
(iv) z1, z2, z3 be three non zero complex nos such that z1  z2 and a = |z1|, b = |z2| and c = |z3|. If b c a = 0, then
c a b
2
show that arg (z3/z2) = arg [(z3 - z1)/ (z2 - z1)] .

19. The circle with diametric extremities Z1 and Z2 is given by

Z1  Z 2 Z  Z2
(A) |Z - |=| 1 | (B) |Z - Z1|2 + |Z - Z2|2 = |Z1 - Z 2|2
2 2
 Z  Z1   Z  Z1 
(C) arg   = /2 union {Z1, Z2} (D) |arg   | = /2 union {Z1, Z2}
 Z  Z2   Z  Z2 
(E) (Z - Z1) ( Z1  Z 2 ) + (Z - Z2) ( Z  Z1 ) = 0
5
 2 i / 2   2  i / 6   2  i 6 
20. Consider a triangle formed by the points A  e  , B e , C e  , Let P(z) be any point on its
 3   3   3 
in-circle. Prove that AP2 + BP2 + CP2 = 5.
 z  1  2
21. Plot the region represented by /3  arg   in the Argand plane.
 z 1  3
| z|  z4  
22. (i) Find centre and radius of
| z  |
= k  1 (ii) Find centre and radius of arg   .
 z  3i  3
z  z1
(iii) If  2 where z1 and z2 are fixed complex nos and z is variable than z lies on a circle with
z  z2
(A) z1 as its interior point (B) z2 in its interior
(C) z1, z2 interior points (D) z1, z2 exterior points

23. If z1z3 + z2z4 = 0 and z1 + z3 = 0, prove that points represented by complex nos.z1, z2, z3 and z4 taken in order are
concyclic.
2 1 1
(ii) Let z1, z2, z3 are complex nos such that   . Show that the points z1, z2, z3 lie on a circle passing
z 2 z1 z 3
through the origin.

24. (i) If z1 , z2 , z3 represent vertices of an equilateral triangle then prove that

z12 + z22 + z32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1.
(ii) z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle with circumcentre at z0. Find (z12 + z22 + z32)/z02.
25. (i) Find the slope of the line AZ  AZ  B  0 (BR)
(ii) Let b z + b z = c, b  0 be a line in the complex plane. If z1 is the reflection of a point z 2 through the line, then
show that c = z1 b + z2 b .
(iii) Find the complex numbers corresponding to foot of perpendicular & image of the point z1 with respect to the line
mirror az  az  b  0 (bR) on the complex plane.
Complex Numbers–4

(iv) Prove that the perpendicular distance of the point z1 on the Argand plane from the line az  az  b  0 (bR)
| az1  az1  b |
is| .
2|a |
z1 z1 1
1
26. Let z1, z2 & z3 be the vertices of a triangle then prove that the area of the triangle is | z 2 z2 1 |
4
z3 z3 1
27. (i) For  = 4, 5, 6 the equation |z - 4| + |z - 3i| = , respectively represents ... , ... , ... . Also find eccentricity (if
defined).
(ii) For  = 4, 5, 6 the equation ||z - 4| - |z - 3i|| =  respectively represents ... , ... , ... . Also find eccentricity (if
defined).
(iii) The locus of z = x + iy where (x  2) 2  y 2  x 2  (y  2) 2 = 7 is ...
(iv) Im (z2) = 0 represents ... (v) Im (iz2) = 1 represents ...
(vi) Re (iz2) = 2 represents ... (vii) z2 + z 2  2zz + 4z + 4 z = 0 represents ...
28. Let z1 and z2 be fixed points and z be a moving point on the complex plane. Let |z - z1| = , |z - z2| =  and |z1 - z2| = 2
then match the columns;
Columns I (condition) Columns II (locus of z)
(A)  =  + 1 (p) ellipse
(B)  =  + 2 (q) hyperbola
(C)  =  (r) straight line
(D)  = 2 (s) circle
29. If  is a non real fifth root of unity then find the value of
(i)  +  2 + 3 + 4 (ii) 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 (iii) 5 + 10 +  15 +  20 .
2 4 6
30. Find the value of cos  cos  cos .
7 7 7
31. If 1, 1 , 2, ... n-1 are nth roots of unity then
1 n
(i) prove that (3 - 1) (3 - 2) ... (3 - n-1) = (3 - 1)
2
(ii) prove that (1 -  1) (1 - 2) .... (1 - n-1) = n . Hence deduce
 2 3 (n  1) n
sin sin sin ... sin  n 1 .
n n n n 2
1  ( 1) n
(iii) (1 +  1) (1 + 2) ... (1 + n-1) = . Hence deduce that
2
 2 3 (n  1)  1  ( 1) n
cos cos cos ...cos =
n n n n 2n
(iv) Find the value of sin 1° sin 2° sin 3° ..... sin 90°
(v) Find the value of cos 4° cos 8° cos 12° ..... cos 88°.
1 1 1 1
(vi) If  1 , 2 , 3 ..., n be n roots of unity then find the value of    ...  .
3  1 3   2 3   3 3   n 1
n 1
32. If  is a non real nth root of unity then prove that | z 1 + kz2|2 = n{|z1|2 + |z2|2}, nN.
k 0
33. (i) Find the product of distances of any vertex of an n sided regular polygon inscribed in a unit circle, from the
remaining vertices of the polygon.
(ii) The product of distances of any vertex from the remaining vertices of a nine-sided regular polygon inscribed in a
circle of radius 2 units is
(A) 36 (B) 72 (C) 144 (D) 256
n 1
 2k 2k 
(iii) Let A  (0, 4) and Bk   cos
 n
, sin
n 
0  k  n - 1. Find  (AB ) for n = 16, 17, 18 & 19.
k 0
k
Complex Numbers–5

(iv) Let A be the point (0, 2) and points Bk (0  k  9) the vertices of a regular decagon inscribed in a unit circle
centred at origin, then the value of the product of distances AB3 . AB4 . AB5 . AB6.AB7 is
(A) 10 21 (B) 20 21 (C) 5 41 (D) 15 41
34. If n is odd integer but not a multiple of 3, prove that x (x + 1) (x2 + x + 1) is a factor of
(x + 1)n - xn - 1.
35. The minimum value of |a + b + c2|, where a, b and c are all not equal integers and  ( 1) is a cube root of unity,
is
(A) 3 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) 0
36. If cos + cos + cos = 0, sin  + sin + sin = 0 then prove that
(i) cos3 + cos3 + cos3 = 3cos( +  + ) (ii) sin3 + sin3 + sin3 = 3sin ( +  + )
 i3 x 2  2x  i  1
37. If x (0, 1), prove that i2i+3 ln  2 3 
=  ( - 4 tan-1x).
 ix  2x  i  e
38. (i) If k + |k + z2| = |z2|, (kR, k  0), find the principal value of argument z.
4p
20   10  2k 2k   
(ii) Find the value of  (4p  3)   sin  cos   .
p 1 
  k 1  11 11   
39. If z is a complex number and z2 + az + b = 0 (a  0) has roots both of which have unit modulus then prove that |a|  2,
|b| = 1 and amp(b) = 2 amp(-a).
40. Prove geometrically: (i) |z - |z||  |z| |arg z| (ii) |||z| - 1| - |z - 1||  |z||arg z|.
41. If b1 + b 2 + b3 + b 4 = 0 where bis are non zero real nos., sum of no two being zero and b 1z1 + b2z2 + b3z3 + b 4z4 = 0
where no three of the points z1, z2, z3, z4 are collinear, then prove that the four points will be concyclic if b 1b 3 |z1 - z3|2
= b2b4 | z2 - z4|2 .
42. (i) If the equation z2 + z +  = 0 has a purely imaginary root and  lies on the circle |z| = 1 then find the value of 1 +
 + .
(ii) If the equation az2 + z + 1 = 0 has purely imaginary root where a = ei then find the interval in which the function
f(x) = x3 - 3x2 + 3(1 + cos) x + 5 is increasing.
43. Prove that sin (2n + 1)  = 2n+1C1 cos 2n  sin - 2n+1C3 cos 2n-2 sin3 + ... + (-1)n sin2n+1. Hence prove that cot2
 2 n
, cot2 2n  1 , ... , cot2 are the roots of the equation
2n  1 2n  1
2 n 1 2n 1
C C 1 1 1
xn - 2n 1 3  2n 1 5 xn-2 - ... = 0. Also prove that 2  2  2  ... to  = 2/6.
C1 C1 1 2 3
x3 x6 x4 x7 x 2 x 5 x8
44. If a = 1 +  + ... , b = x + + + ... and c =    ... then find the value of
3! 6! 4! 7! 2! 5! 8!
(a + b + c) (a + b + c2) (a + b2 + c), where  is a non real cube root of unity.
45. Let z(, ) = cos + eisin (, R, i = 1 ). Find the range of values of modulus of z (, 2) as  varies.
46. (i) A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the north-east (N 45° E) direction. From there, he walks
a distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45° W) direction to reach a point P. Then the position of P in the
Argand plane is
(A) 3ei/4 + 4i (B) (3 – 4i)i/4 (C) (4 + 3i)ei/4 (D) (3 + 4i)ei/4
 w  wz 
(ii) If  =  + i, where   0 and z  1 , satisfies the condition that   is purely real, then the set of values
 1 z 
of z is
(A) |z| = 1, z  2 (B) |z| =1 and z  1 (C) z = z (D) none of these
(iii) If  ( 1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + )7 = A + B, then A and B are respectively
(A) 0, 1 (B) 1, 1 (C) 1, 0 (D) –1, 1
(iv) Let z and w be two non zero complex numbers such that |z| = |w| and arg z+ arg w = , then z equals
(A) w (B) – w (C) w (D) – w
(v) Let z and w be two complex numbers such that |z|  1, |w|  1 and |z + iw| = |z – iw | = 2, then z equals
(A) 1 or i (B) i or –i (C) 1 or –1 (D) i or –i
Complex Numbers–6
47. (i) Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be of the form
(A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C) 4k + 3 (D) 4k
z1  z3 1  i 3
(ii) The complex number z1, z2 and z3 satisfying  are the vertices of a triangle which is
z 2  z3 2
(A) of area zero (B) right–angled isosceles
(C) equilateral (D) obtuse–angled isosceles
z 1
(iii) If |z| = 1 and w = (where z  –1), then Re(w) is
z 1
1 z 1 2
(A) 0 (B)  2
(C) (D)
| z  1| z  1 | z  1|2 | z  1|2
(iv) If  ( 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 + 2)n = (1 + 4)n, then the least positive value of n is
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) 6
(v) If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2| = 1 and Re(z1 z2 ) = 0, then the pair of
complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies
(A) |w1| = 1 (B) |w2| = 1 (C) Re(w1 w 2) = 0 (D) none of these
6
 2k 2k 
(vi) The value of   sin
k 1 7
 i cos
7 
is

(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) –i (D) i

1  z1 z2
48. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that |z1| < 1 < |z2|, then prove that  1.
z1  z 2
49. Find the condition that the equation az2 + bz + c = 0 has
(i) one purely imaginary root (ii) one purely real root
(iii) two purely imaginary roots (iv) two purely real roots
50. If a, b, c and u, v, w are the complex numbers representing the vertices of the triangles such that c = (1 – r) a + rb,
w = (1 - r) u + rv, where r is non real, then prove that the triangles are similar.
51. If argument (Z1/3) = 1/2 argument (Z2 + Z Z1/3) . Then find the value of |Z|.
52. The points represented by complex numbers a, b, c lie on a circle with centre at origin. The tangent at C cuts the
a 1  b 1  2c 1
chord joining the points a, b at z. Show that z = .
a 1b 1  c 2
53. If z1 , z2 and z3 are non zero complex nos such that z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 z1-1 + z2-1 + z3-1 = 0 then prove that z1, z2, z3 are
vertices of an equilateral triangle and also prove that z3 (z2 - z1)2/z2 (z3 - z1)2 is purely real positive.

ANSWERS
1. (iii) (D) 2. (ii) (B) 5. (iii) (B) 9. (A)
10. (ii) (D)
11. (ii) (C)
12   
(iii) 1  3  i,  i 3, 3  1  i 
14. (ii) (A)
15. (A – s), (B – r), (C – q), (D – p)
33. (ii) (C)
33. (iv) (C)
35 (C)
46. (i) (D)
(ii) (A)
(iii) (B)
(iv) (D)
(v) (C)
47. (i) (D)
(ii) (D)
(iii) (A)
(iv) (B)
(v) A, B, C
(vi) (D)