CORE GATEWAY

COLLEGE, Inc. Maharlika

Highway cor. Cardenas St.
San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
Tel. No.: (044) 511-1609 Fax No.: 940-3154

TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM

The Life, Works, and Writings of Jose Rizal

(RIZAL)

Eric John T. Chavez

Bachelor of Secondary Education major in English

Sonia Felimon
Instructor
 1 Semester, S.Y. 2020 -2021
ST

CHAPTER IV
#RIZAL PatriotismandNationalism

Lesson 13
Rizal’s Tripartite View of History

Memory Test:

1. What is the difference between the Bipartite View in History and the Tripartite View in
History?

Answer. According to my understanding, the bipartite interpretation of history alludes to

the slanted perception of Colonialists to their colonies to validate the continuation of Colonial
status, or in other words, DARKNESS-LIGHT or DILIM-LIWANAG. While, on the other hand,
the tripartite view of history pertains to the notion of colonial possessions against their colonizers
in denying the nobility of colonialism. Thus, commonly regarded or easily comprehended in
LIGHT-DARKNESS as LIWANAG-DILIM- MULINGLIWANAG.

2. Who is Antonio de Morga? Why did Rizal choose his works over other accounts about
the Philippines?

Answer. Antonio de Morga was actually a Seville-born statesman who entered the
Spanish administration in 1580. In 1995, he was labeled Lieutenant Governor of Spain's colony
in the Philippines. Rizal chose Antonio de Morga's work above all other accounts seeing as
Morgan had seen the progression of periods from early Philippine civilization to colonization of
the Philippines. As an outcome, he was really an eyewitness, and as such his records were much
more accurate when compared to those other narratives, additionally, his accounts were entirely
secular, considering he was not a recipient of any faith-based- based organizations or religious
organizations.
 3. What are the contributors of Rizal’s annotation to Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinos?

Answer. The contributions of Rizal's annotation to Antonio de Morga Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas are due to the following reasons:

Rizal's study was based on German history, which applies the contemporary historical method;
Rizal's research into the past was aimed as a grounds for critiquing colonialism along with
defining or constructing a Filipino sense of nationalism, and finally, Rizal made a stronger
argument for viewing nationhood within an Asian-Pacific perspective; and Rizal's work inspired
the nationalist movement — especially Bonifacio's Katipunan.

STUDENT’S JOURNAL

Reflect on the use of history to address current issues. How do you think the narratives
of the past can help us understand the issues of the country? For instance, what are the pros and
cons of the continued martial law in Mindanao under the Duterte administration? Does history
repeat itself? Is it the same with martial law under the Marcos regime?

In the past, history has served a range of roles. Countries utilize history to bring people
together. Via historical consciousness, it may be employed to justify regimes and build a sense of
communal identity. Historical Lessons may be made to produce a sense of the present by
exposing the dignity and integrity of every citizen on how they create this sort of democratic and
harmonious way of living in which people can express themselves openly and act and respond to
any challenge that the nation is experiencing. I believe that martial law in Mindanao is a useful
measure because terrorists are getting more dangerous, and if our administration overlooks the
problem, our nation may lose again, and they will avoid it; that might be the case in history
repeating itself. However, martial law in Mindanao can have an impact on the people who live
there, causing dread, violence, and a sense of insecurity. However, I don't think so that the
declared Martial Law in Mindanao is the same as on the Marcos Regime because they
implemented the latter in a different phase but in the same goal, which is to achieve peace, and
the difference is, in Duterte's Martial law, specific place only are covered; but in Marcos regime,
it is indeed the entire country. However, I do not presume that the declared Martial Law in
Mindanao is the same as that of the Marcos regime because they implemented the latter in a
different phase but with the same goal, which is to achieve peace, and the difference is that in
Duterte's Martial Law, there are only specific areas covered, whereas, in the Marcos regime, the
entire country is covered.
LESSON 14
Rizal and Education

MEMORY TEST:

1. How did Rizal view the role of educated individuals in society?

Answer. As per Rizal, the function of an educated individual in society is one who
is proactive in participating in interactions or discussions regarding the position of the nation.
Individuals who have been educated must immerse or connect themselves in endeavoring to
reconstruct society for the betterment of the entire country, which could also be reached by
exploring various opportunities or solutions to address current and future challenges.

2. Aside from the works mentioned in the discussion, what other works of Rizal mentioned
or showed the importance of education?

Answer. However, apart from f the works discussed in the lesson, A la Juventud
Filipina, or "To the Philippine Youth," and Por la Educación Recibe Lustre la Patria, or
"Education Gives Lustre to the Motherland," are two additional works of literature by Rizal; the
latter acknowledge or exemplify the value of education. A la Juventud Filipina is a poem themed
to the young generation which says a great opportunity about the quality of learning or education
for one's future and is filled that helps actively show it to the readers of it, mainly the young
Filipinos, become the nation's salvation. Por la Educación Recibe Lustre la Patria is a poem that
stresses the importance of education in developing a nation, even if it is a country with liberty
and a democratic milieu.

3. From the 1860s to the 1890s intellectuals were tagged as destabilizers by the colonial
government. In your opinion, why were intellectuals, such as Padre Jose Burgos and the
ilustrados, becoming the favorite target of repressive regimes?

Answer. Padre Jose Burgos as well as the ilustrados were marked as intellectual—
destabilizers by both the colonial power and have become the focus of oppressive governments
as a danger. People who are uneducated and naive are considered valuable by totalitarian
invaders or governments since they are simple and easy to command. Consequently, I consider
that intellectuals were pursued primarily for their potential to awaken and educate individuals
who have a lack of information and awareness with the current dilemmas, allowing them to
discover and better grasp the reality of their condition and could lead to a revolutionary manner.

STUDENT’S JOURNAL:

Try to create your own career path. How do you see yourself 5 to 10 years from now? How can
you help the country through your course and the career path that you have chosen?

As an ambitious and dedicated person, I see myself 5 to 10 years from now doing my
own things, my profession to be specific which is being a tenure English teacher. A teacher’s
profession is not solely to provide learning and narrate what is in the book, but also to enlighten
the learners or the young citizens to become highly driven and capable in various aspects of life.
As I see it, providing positive encouragement and knowledge towards the pivotal impact of
education is one of the leading solutions to help our country to rise again. Furthermore, nurturing
your learners with the characteristics that are highly crucial must be considered including
patriotism, nationalism, loyalty, and dignity. I will share my knowledge regarding the importance
of having a developed country because when we achieve that everyone will be benefited.

LESSON 15
The Role of the Youth

MEMORY TEST:

1. How did Rizal view his fellow compatriots upon his arrival in Spain? How did he
immediately manage his time and schedule?

Answer. Rizal took into account his fellow Spaniards as learning-obsessed persons who
apprehended how and where to appreciate a little pleasure from moment to time, which he
portrayed upon his presence in Spain. Moreover, Rizal, on the other hand, decided to concentrate
on his aim and suddenly involved himself by demotivating most of his time to his academics,
works like writing, and even the establishment of an organization.
 2. Describe Rizal’s visions of the young throughout his career. Have his visions already
come true with today’s youth?

Answer. Rizal's perspective of youth is that 'Youth is the Hope of the Nation,' and he also
emphasizes how young Filipinos should carry out their responsibilities to their parents and do
well in school in order to acquire critical thinking skills. I believe that today's young Filipinos are
really capable and that they are extremely vocal when they encounter something that violates
everyone's rights and lives. Young people now live in a more advanced world, where, despite the
negativity that other people hurl at them, they are still achieving a lot of things, excelling in
many sectors of education, and the character of being a Filipino is still there and flourishing.

3. How is the youth connected to nation-building? Is it a burden or a civic duty?

Answer. As per my stance, the youth performs a significant role in nation-building as

contributory factors to social change and innovations, which seem to be fundamental in deciding
the nation's current and future position. By observing the status of the area like our society, and
nation, the youth could benefit from identifying issues and moving the country toward progress
and excellence. It is a civic necessity for the youth to advance the welfare of the nation because
they should carry on the endeavor of their forefathers to produce improvements for the nation as
a whole.

STUDENT’S JOURNAL:

Reflect on your current circumstances. compare your technological advantage over Rizal
in his time. identify how he was able to look for knowledge. How did he manage to go about
living a full life without a smartphone or the internet? Will such full life be possible to do
without those advances? How will you use them to your advantage? If you have an advocacy,
what would it be? Will it change the way? If you encounter difficulty, how will you remind
yourself to keep on going? or will you give up, despite knowing that Rizal did not?

Before the advent of highly driven technology, people used their pens and hands to share
and spread information from different places, but that consumes a lot of time to receive. In the
history of Rizal, since he is an expert and a prodigious writer, and a studious and knowledgeable
person he manages his life and even helps our nation to awaken Filipinos without the aid of
smartphones and the internet by using his ability in writing. As I see it, I do not think so that like
will become impossible without the advances of technology, considering why the people in
history lived and make progress and happiness without technology, that is why I came up with
the sense that, technology is not that highly necessary to achieve happiness and peace either in
terms of physical and psychological aspects. As a part of this current century, to employ the
advantages we have right now is to utilize it appropriately and mannerly because trolls are
increasing these days. And if I will be given a chance to create advocacy that would be titled
“TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES: Use its application and purposes with the right utilization”
because numerous people are becoming aggressive in the use of different forms of technology. I
think I will digest how significant Rizal’s confidence, dedication, and passion in life is, so that
whenever there are dilemmas put in front of me, I will survive, because the life of Rizal is far
arduous than mine, so stand up.

LESSON 16
The Role of Women in Nation-Building

MEMORY TEST:

1. Why was learning the Spanish language an important skill during the 19th century?

Answer. As I assimilated the lesson, I realized that knowing the Spanish language was an
essential talent in the nineteenth century since it represented that one could adequately spend
more time on a social discussion since it was the language used in governance, academia, and
business. Additionally, women who were restricted by Spanish friars from studying the language
would indeed and have the notion that they would be able to eventually escape the clutches of
the Spanish frier's grip and become even more active in interactions about the condition of the
nation.

2. Why did Rizal encourage women to follow the example of Spartan women?

Answer. Rizal urged women to follow the lead of Spartan women, who have
distinguished themselves for their boldness in expressing their stance along with suffering and
constantly battling for liberty and justice. They will be the first to foster in young citizens a
fondness of nation and education, altering them into Divinity and responsible individuals. Thus,
women will not become ordinary believers who are obtuse and soft in their manners.
 3. How did Rizal propose to empower women?

Answer. Rizal inferred women's empowerment through espousing his yearning for
Filipino women to actively pursue education to learn from it, enhance their reputation, and
become a key factor in nation-building. Moreover, Rizal reckons that educating women is among
the first leaps forward into fostering womanhood and actively encouraging them to become
active and responsible individuals who play an important role in the advancement and
reconstruction of the nation.

4. What do you mean by a patriarchal society?

Answer. It generally refers to a broad system whereby males have prevailing power over
women. Patriarchal culture has a male-dominated authority of the state in organized society as
well as in private interactions. So, in conclusion, power is allocated unfairly between men and
women.

5. What limited Rizal’s perspective on the role of women in society?

Answer. Despite the fact that Rizal lived in a patriarchal or male-centric society wherein
women are supposed to be uninvolved persons that should solely stay at home, that may have
constrained his view on the value of women; Rizal recognized that women should function with
somewhat more critical importance in nation-building. Admittedly, Donya Teodora was indeed a
powerful and influential presence who fostered his appreciation for women.
STUDENT’S JOURNAL

In one to two paragraphs, reflect on the status of women in the Philippines. What are the
challenges faced by women in the Philippines because of their gender? Are they properly
observed in the Philippines?

One of the biggest and still occurring problems that are being faced by women in the
Philippines is their sex. People, particularly men are being sexiest, thinking that women are weak
and incapable of dealing with the problems in our society. And various people still deeming that
when women dress that shows some skins, they will think that promptly as an open invitation for
anyone which is highly inappropriate and unmanned. But, in my view, I think women as
powerful kind since they provide colors and light to our nation and I do not believe that they are
weak and incapable due to the fact that anyone can be strong and bold in distinctive ways.
Moreover, it is significant that, in the Philippines, the rights of women and everyone are being
observed properly, why? Because we have a powerful law that protects the woman and the
children in the archipelago, entitled RA no. 9262 also known as The Anti-Violence Against
Women Act of 2004.

LESSON 17
Leadership

MEMORY TEST:

1. How did Rizal transform to become a leader?

Rizal became a leader in history because he could not resist and envision how
dreadful our nation's position was then since the Philippines was formerly controlled by other
countries and occupies it. Rizal became a leader because he is an educated and sensible man with
a good mindset and a strong desire to assist our nation. He became an excellent leader to
enlighten his fellow Countrymen because he possessed the attributes of being knowledgeable,
passionate, responsible, and having a greater aim to win independence; elements of nationalism
and patriotism.
 2. What was in his mind when he wrote his claims about the country?

Answer. I think since various challenges and problems occurs in his time such as
oppression, equality, and life, liberty, and property deprivation are transpiring, I think Rizal
considered those things because he sees his country and fellow Filipinos are being maltreated.
Rizals aspires to achieve the freedom that his nation deserves that is why he writes his claims
about the country.

STUDENT’S JOURNAL:

Reflect on your character traits. What has honed you to develop such a character? Whenever
trials arise, are you the first to volunteer? When the deadline is fast approaching, are you
affected by this? In what way? Do you plan every task you need to do? How do you approach
your friend and family when you want something to be done? What kind of leader do you
envision yourself to be?

I think the character that I possess right now was honed through various dilemmas that
were put in front of me with different magnitudes because I used those conditions to learn and
make progress on myself. However, when trials arise, I always consider not to take any action or
volunteer promptly, considering I want to know and delve into it first to the trials that are arising
because it is more arduous to go in a battle without a weapon, or your knowledge and
capabilities. Additionally, I consider planning as a critical element in every task that I need to
accomplish to avoid uncertainty and develop relevancy which is necessary, particularly in this
world full of pests and increasing negative attitudes of the people. And being calm and critical in
every situation can help to do things smartly, that is why you do not have to get affected when
there are quickly approaching deadlines. But always remember the importance of appropriate
approaches when you want something to be done effectively because positive interactions and
utterances with your friends or family when you are asking for a favor can foster trust and
prodigious bonds that will benefit to building much more connections that will lead to creating
the sense of helping and lowers stress and improves the overall wellbeing of your desired
outcome. Furthermore, as an ambivert person, I think being knowledgeable, confident with
authenticity and positive ethics, and being able to build solidarity are relevant to becoming an
influential leader because when you have those characteristics people will follow you and
challenges in the society might be prevented.
LESSON 18
Rizal and the Philippine Revolution of 1896

MEMORY TEST:

1. What factors led to the radicalization of Rizal?

Answer. Factors driving Rizal's radicalization included his early support for the idea of a
separate Philippine state, the Kalamba Hacienda incident he personally directed, and the events
that followed. The protests that first affected Rizal in 1888 were first promulgated under the
influence of Noli Me Tangere, when arrests that continued from late March to early April 1889
and Rizal's family were directly affected by the Spanish persecution. All of this had to have a
significant influence. His nationalistic stance eventually led to his radicalization. And I believe
that his general idea of him is to defend Filipino's civil rights by using his expertise in writing
various forms of works of literature.

2. What were the main arguments of Renato Constantino when he criticized Rizal? What
were the arguments of Floro Quibuyen to counter the narratives of Constantino?

Answer. Once Renato Constantino denounced Rizal, his foremost concern had been that
Rizal is a colonial and constrained figure who promotes the desires of his countrymen's
ilustrados. He carried his arguments with two primary forms of evidence regarding Pio
Valenzuela's jail testimony in 1896 and Rizal's December 15, 1898 message to some Filipinos,
which urged revolt. Floro Quibuyen resists Constantino's interpretations, attempting to argue that
Constantino and other scholars researched Rizal in a rushed and inappropriate manner, while a
thorough review of Rizal's writings and services, where indications of his radicalization may be
seen— would be demanded.

3. How did the Filipino revolutionaries perceive the cult of Rizal? Why was considered the
Tagalog Christ?

Answer. Filipino revolutionaries perceived Rizal's religion as made up of spiritual

Filipinos who rooted in his greatness. As per this, Rizal was hailed as the Tagalog Christ seeing
as he epitomized Filipino devotion. Consequently, his execution by public execution, firing, acts
as a representation of Christ's unbearable pain and fatality.
STUDENT’S JOURNAL:

Reflect On the concept of reform and revolution. Rizal proved in his writings that education is a
revolutionary act. How can a student like you revolutionize society?

As a student in this new globalization, in order to, revolutionize our society being a
vocally and knowledgeable person is pivotal since there are various things that are happening
around us that are indeed inappropriate but many people tend to keep it on them and ignore it, so
I jumped to the conclusion that as a student who is still learning numerous things, I consider
vocalizing and enlightening the people on every unwanted and violence that is occurring these
days are critical because when people become more quiet and ignorant, who will narrate it, so it
is actually on us, the students to become confident and bold to revolutionize our society to stop
the antagonisms and cruelty on our society.

LESSON 19
Sacrifice and Martyrdom

MEMORY TEST:

1. What type of sacrifices did Rizal make in his lifetime?

Answer. Jose Rizal endured countless sacrifices during his person's life. His first
devotion was about being apart from his family so that he might still fulfill his career ambitions
such as studying overseas to further expand and acquire more information that he believes is
vital. Rizal had to go by this to get access to a more reliable world for everyone, particularly for
the Filipinos. Furthermore, Jose Rizal made an incredible effort to empower all Filipinos to battle
for the benefit of every individual Filipinos and justice. Throughout his novels Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo, he pledged to Filipinos the commands of strength utilizing language and
his expertise in writing and philosophy, conveying that to every person living in our county the
damage of the Spaniards' occupation in our homeland.
 2. How did he take his final sacrifices? To whom was it dedicated?

Answer. He sees his great sacrifice as definitive evidence that he wholeheartedly value
and adores his homeland by actively engaging and dedicating his precious life to make a hole
that would expose the mindset of the people to combat for its independence and justice. To delve
into it, Jose Rizal's greater good towards the young of our nation, acknowledging that everyone
becomes old and died, but that the youth or the young Filipinos will always have the incentive to
turn the path on what he speaks for.

3. In terms of his martyrdom, to whom did he make the most impact?

Answer. Jose Rizal's martyrdom was deeply affected by the young citizens, who have
been the foundation of the motherland's aspiration. We can conclude that he is suggesting the
present situation wherein he continues to promote forward itself through the novel since he will
be gone that day; however, his magnum opus will propagate out across the whole nation for
generations to follow, as well as Rizal's compromises primarily shape the performance of the
future, which is the Filipino youth.

STUDENT’S JOURNAL:
Reflect on the times when you dealt with difficulties. As a student, what sacrifice have you made
to attain your goal? Have you considered the sacrifices made by your parents or guardians?

As a student, I have done so many sacrifices in my life despite my age but one of them
that I will never forget was sacrificing the course that I genuinely want to pursue which is being
Flight Attendant but I end up taking an education program. However, as time goes by, liking my
course is transpiring which helps me to regain my confidence and boost my energy to study
smart. Moreover, I also considered my parents’ sacrifices, because ever since when I was a child
they are always there to nurture me with the rightness and positivity that helps me to develop the
characters that I have right now. In every sacrifice I made, there is always considerable things
that I need to delve into it, particularly that our situations are not that smooth and easy-going,
that is why I always consider sacrifices as a pillar of success that I need to fall first to become a
more strong and more knowledgeable and experienced person.
LESSON 20
Rizal’s Concept of Being a “Filipino” and Filipino Nationalism

MEMORY TEST:

1. What is Rizal's definition of the Latin dictum Vox populi, vox dei? How is it connected
to his concept of a nation?

Answer. If we could go further into the meaning of Jose Rizal's phrase, we could find that
perhaps the Latin dictum Vox populi, vox dei means The voice of People, the voice of God which
understands that any behavior and words made are always being observed by our God, whereas
if people have suffered from the earth, our God feels lonely as to what is really occurring
towards the people seeing as we know that such human is the greatest masterpiece that our God
has delivered. a That saying is indeed an endeavor to remind Spanish to mind that there is still a
God who understands everything we are doing in this life and, obviously, the misery we face,
signifying that God commands those who commit harm in the world that at a certain point in the
future. Filipinos would also get the courage and happiness to fight for their rights.

2. What was Rizal’s notion of national sentiment?

Answer. Rizal had seen underlying mental root of why Filipinos seem to be unable to act
on their own since we have thrown down our barrier, as well as the sacrifice of individual
interests for someone whose sole objective is to acquire power towards their own pleasure.

3. What does being a Filipino mean for Rizal?

Answer. Rizal's Filipinoness is particularly emotive because he sensed the pain of every
citizen in our precious land. Being Filipino pushes him to stand up and prove to the world that
together we can make our economy work and generate growth in our own time. Thus, to move
forward, Jose Rizal's devotion to forging ahead of its combat wherein his awareness undertaken
for on the aspect of providing his exhibits to all patients experiencing through warfare and
colonization rising up. Being a Filipino means everything to him, hence he sacrificed his life to
exemplify the notion that if we band together, we can construct a sovereign state that embraces
freedom and harmony.
STUDENT’S JOURNAL:

Reflect on Rizal’s concept of “Filipino “. For him, being a Filipino has to be proven. How can
you prove that you are a Filipino not just by blood, but in thoughts, in words, and in actions?

There are several means to convey that I am Filipino and that you really are Filipino.
Literally put, but instead of losing your own life by opposing foreign lands, demonstrate towards
the world that you are concerned about everybody. The best Filipino is someone who is
compassionate, respectful, and devout to God. Hospitality to people truly needy symbolizes you
as a real Filipino, and so does respect for seniors and instilling confidence in our almighty God
of the father. So generally appointed, the basic message here is that lifting your hands to people
that need it would demonstrate you to be an authentic Filipino because you are showing respect
to the lives that have already been sacrificed so that you really can live in a different but
exquisite and better world.