Note Making

Let’s start the article on note making format… 

Students, you have to study many books to gain knowledge. You have to read long answers. You may find it a little difficult to
keep them all in your memory. You need a brief summary of these. The long lectures delivered by the teachers are very useful.
You can’t note down all the things so quickly. So you want to make notes. These skills of study are known as Note Making.

Why make notes?

 to have a record of the speaker’s or writer’s main ideas: not to take down or copy every word;
 to help one’s memory when revising, for example. before an examination;
 to make the speaker’s or writer’s views a part of your own knowledge.

How to make notes from a text?

 Step-I Survey the passage or text: Read the text with a bird’s eye view so that you can quickly find out what the
passage is about and what the writer’s main ideas are. But remember that it should be done quickly.
 Step-2 Read the text again: Read the text quickly. Make notes of main ideas. You can underline the main points or you
can write them in your notebook.
 Step-3 Write in a form: If you write the main points in a notebook. put them down in a way that relates them with
one another. You can put the information in the form of a diagram as they are easier to remember. You may use a
list also.

Using abbreviations: While taking notes you should use abbreviation. It saves

time and space. You can use the accepted abbreviations such as UN, UNO, etc. and you can make your own.

Know abbreviations :

 Acronyms like RADAR, UNESCO, UNICEF, AIDS

 Latin symbols like e.g., etc., i.e.
 Mathematical symbols such as +(positive), -(negative) =(is equal to), > (is greater than), <(is smaller than) ……(circle)
etc. and numeral for numbers (22 for twenty two), increase /decrease
 Shortened forms like govt., exam., univ., etc.

 Make your own abbreviations :

 by writing first few letters + last letter – engr for engineer, assn for association.

 by writing first and last letters – Dr. Mr. etc;

 by dropping all/most of the vowels – tchr for teacher, stdnt for student and lrnr for learner;

Note: Use standard or widely accepted abbreviations in your examination.

Procedure –

Read the text for an overall idea.                 –  Heading

Reread the passage for important points.     –  Main points

Jot down the supporting points.                   – Subpoints and sub-sub points

Arrange the points in a sequence.                –  Draft

Note Making Format

Q.1 – Now, read the following short passage and make notes. Write them in the note form using headings, points, etc.

There are many different kinds of musical instruments. They are divided into three main classes according to the way they are
played. For example, some instruments are played by blowing air into them. These are called wind instruments. In some of these
the air is made to vibrate inside a wooden tube and these are said to be of the woodwind family. The examples of this family are
the flute, the clarinet and the bassoon. Other instruments are made of brass: the trumpet and the horn are the examples. There are
also various other wind instruments such as the mouth organ and the bagpipes.

Some instruments are played by banging or striking them. One obvious example is the drum, of which there are various kinds.
Instruments like this are called percussion instruments.

The last big group of instruments are the ones which have strings. There are two main kinds of stringed instruments those in
which the music is made by plucking the strings and those where the player draws a bow across the strings. Examples of the
former are the harp and the guitar and that of the latter are the violin and cello.

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS -> title

NOTES

1. Kinds -> Main points

a. Wind inst. -> Sub- point / sub-heading
i. Played by blowing air -> Sub-sub point /sub-sub heading
b. Percussn
i. Played by banging striking
c. Stringed
i. Made by plkng. Strings
ii. Bow across strings

Key

Abbreviations words
S. No

1. Inst. Instruments

2. percussn percussion

3. plkng plucking

(Key – Is a tabular column of full form of abbreviations used in the notes for the reader’s understanding)
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Summary – There are many different kinds of musical instruments. They are divided into three main classes – wind instruments
percussion instruments & stringed instruments. These are played by blowing air & banging or striking. Stringed instruments  are
played by plucking the strings & banging or striking.

Read the passage below:

1. The epidemic of heart attacks has been attaining alarming proportion in recent times causing grave concern specially to the
medical fraternity.
2. To contain and control the increasing death and disability from heart attacks and to focus on public awareness and their
involvement at global level, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Heart Federation observed September
24th as the World Heart Day.
3. What causes heart attacks? Dr H.S. Wasir, Chief Cardiologist and Medical Director, Batra Hospital and Medical Research
Centre lists four main habits which adversely affect the heart health. These are lack of physical exercise, wrong eating
habits, cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and stressful lifestyle.
4. The importance of physical exercise in minimising the incidence of heart attacks cannot be underestimated. “Physical
exercise,” says Dr Wasir, “plays a major role in achieving a long and healthy life in general and prevention of heart attacks
in particular.” There are several studies showing that physically active people have higher longevity than those sedentary or
physically inactive.
5. In fact, the review of modern medical literature sums up the role of physical activity in health as ‘Regular physical exercise
adds not only years to life but also life to years’. It is the experience of many modern day physicians that some patients of
angina (chest pain or discomfort on physical or mental exertion or after meals) do get relief with regularly done physical
exercise.
6. What type of physical exercise and how much, one may ask. It is the isotonic (dynamic) exercise that is beneficial for the
heart and not the isometric (static) exercise which should be avoided by heart patients. Weight lifting, carrying heavy
suitcases while travelling, pushing a car are some of the examples of isometric exercises. Examples of the beneficial type of
physical activity (dynamic exercise) are brisk walking, swimming, golf without power carts, badminton and tennis (doubles
for those with old heart attacks but fully recovered, to be started only after physician’s advice).
7. Walking is the best mode of doing regular physical exercise which requires no equipment, money, material or membership
of a club! 30 to 60 minutes brisk walk even on alternate day has been proven to be beneficial. Stationary cycling or walking
on a treadmill at home are the other alternatives.
8. Walking up the stairs instead of using a lift if going up to three or four floors or getting off the lift two or three floors before
the destination and walking up the rest through stairs. Going up several floors in a overcrowded lift with limited fresh air to
be shared by so many may also prove unhealthy.
9. Park a little away from the work place and walk that healthy distance.
10. Best time for brisk walks would be the early mornings before the traffic flow picks up and walking in the parks with thick
plantation. Jogging on the roads with heavy traffic should be avoided as you will be inhaling air polluted with the toxins
from vehicular exhaust such as dioxides of sulphur and nitrogen.
11. “Before starting any physical exercise programmes for the first time, one must get fully evaluated by a cardiologist so as to
avoid any harm being done by exercise if there is serious underlying heart disease needing treatment,” warns Dr Wasir.

2.1 Make notes on the above passage in any suitable format using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Assign a
suitable heading to the passage. 5 (1 – title, 3 – Notes, 1 – key)
2.2 Make a summary of the passage. 3 (2- Expression 1 – Spellings/grammar)

Answers:
2.1

Having a Healthy Heart

Notes
1. World Heart Day. 24 Sept.
(a) to control death & dsblty
(b) to increase awrnss

2. Causes of Heart Attacks

(a) lack of phy’l exercise
(b) wrong eating habits
(c) smkg & alcohol
(d) stressful lfstyl

3. Role of Physical Exercise.

(a) prevents heart attacks
(b) isotonic-beneficial; ismtrc—harmful
(c) walking: best excse.
(i) 30 to 60 mts. brisk walk
(ii) no eqpmt, money, club membership
(iii) early morning: ideal for walking
(d) Other beneficial exercises
(i) cycling
(ii) swimming
(iii) walk’g on treadmill

4. Consult cardiologist before beginning

Key

S.No Abbreviations words

1. dsblty disability
2. awrnss awareness
3. smkg smoking
4. lfstyl lifestyle
5. ismtrc isometric
6. mts metres
7. eqpmt equipment
8. walk’ng walking

2.2  Having a Healthy Heart

Summary

In recent times, heart attack is an epidemic disease that cause grave concern to the medical fraternity. To have control on
increasing death and disability due to heart attacks, the World Health Organisation (W.H.O) and World Heart Federation has
observed September 24th as the World Heart Day to focus on public awareness. According to health expert there are four main
habits that cause heart attack, these are lack of physical exercise, wrong eating habits, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption
and stressful lifestyle. The affects of heart attack can be reduced to greater extent with the help of regular exercise.
Practice exercise –

1. Read the passage given below: 8 marks

Residents of the Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, where Ustad Bishmillah Khan was born on March 21, 1916, were in shock. His cousin,
94-year -old Mohd Idrish Khan had tears in his eyes. Shubhan Khan, the care-taker of Bismillah’s land, recalled : “Whenever in
Dumaraon, he would give rupees two to the boys and rupees five to the girls of the locality”.

He was very keen to play shehnai again in the local Bihariji’s Temple where he had started playing shehnai with his father,
Bachai Khan, at the age of six. His original name was Quamaruddin and became Bishmillah only after he became famous as a
shehnai player in Varanasi.

His father Bachai Khan was the official shehnai player of Keshav Prasad Singh, the Maharaja of the erstwhile Dumaraon estate,
Bismillah used to accompany him. For Bishmillah Khan, the connection to music began at a very early age. By his teens, he had
already become a master of the shehnai. On the day India gained freedom, Bismillah Khan, then a sprightly 31 year-old, had the
rare honour of playing from Red Fort. But Bishmillah Khan won’t just be remembered for elevating the shehnai from an
instrument heard only in weddings and naubatkhanas to one that was appreciated in concert halls across the world. His life was a
testimony to the plurality that is India. A practicing Muslim, he would take a daily dip in the Ganga in his younger days after a
bout of kusti in Benia Baga Akhada. Every morning, Bishmillah Khan would do riyaaz at the Balaji temple on the banks of the
river. Even during his final hours in a Varanasi hospital, music didn’t desert Bishmillah Khan. A few hours before he passed
away early on Monday, the shehnai wizard hummed a thumri to show that he was feeling better. This was typical of a man for
whom life revolved around music.

Throughout his life he abided by the principle that all religions are one. What marked Bishmillah Khan was his simplicity and
disregard for the riches that come with musical fame. Till the very end, he used a cycle rickshaw to travel around Varanasi. But
the pressure of providing for some 60 family members took its toll during his later years.

1.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable
abbreviations where necessary.

1.2 Make a summary of the above passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made and also suggest a suitable title.