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Trigonometry Ratios

The document discusses trigonometry and how it examines the relationship between the lengths of the sides and angles of a right triangles. It defines the sides of a right triangle as the hypotenuse, opposite, and adjacent sides. It describes the trigonometric ratios of sine, cosine, and tangent and how they are used to calculate unknown lengths or angles. It provides examples of using trigonometric functions and a scientific calculator to solve problems involving right triangles.

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Nathaniel Whyte
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252 views30 pages

Trigonometry Ratios

The document discusses trigonometry and how it examines the relationship between the lengths of the sides and angles of a right triangles. It defines the sides of a right triangle as the hypotenuse, opposite, and adjacent sides. It describes the trigonometric ratios of sine, cosine, and tangent and how they are used to calculate unknown lengths or angles. It provides examples of using trigonometric functions and a scientific calculator to solve problems involving right triangles.

Uploaded by

Nathaniel Whyte
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonomet

ry
Done by: Mathematics Department

For: Campion College


Trigonometry

Trigonometry is the branch of


mathematics that examines the
relationship between the lengths of
the sides and angles of a triangle.
The sides of a right -angled triangle are given
special names:
hypotenuse, the opposite and the
adjacent.
The hypotenuse is the longest side and is
always opposite the right
angle.
The opposite and adjacent sides refer to
another angle, other than the 90o.

A
Trigonometry
Ratios

- Used to calculate the unknown length


of a side or an angle in any right
angled triangle.

Angle
The Trigonometry Ratios
are:

SINE
COSINE

TANGENT
Greek Letter

Prounounced
“theta”

Represents an unknown
angle
Opp
Sin 
Hyp
hypotenuse
hypotenuse
opposite
opposit
Adj
Cos 
Hyp

Opp adjacent
Tan 
Adj
Using trigonometry on the calculator

All individual angles have different sine,


cosine and tangent ratios (or decimal
values)
.

Scientific calculators store information


about every angle.

We need to be able to access this


information in the correct
manner.
Finding the ratios

The simplest form of question is


finding the decimal value of the ratio
of a given
angle.

Find:

sin 32 =

sin 32 = 0.5514
Finding a side from a triangle
To find a missing side from a right-angled
triangle we need to know one angle and one
other side.

Note: If
x
Cos45= 13
To leave x on its own we need to
move the ÷
13.
It becomes a “times” when it
moves.
Cos45 x 13 = x
4. We have been given
Hyp the adj and hyp so we
7 cm use COSINE:
adjacent
Cos  = hypotenus
30o
k e
Adj

Cos  = a
h
Cos 30 = k
7
Cos 30 x 7 = k

6.1 cm = k
5. We have been given
the opp and adj so we
50o
use
4 cm
Adj TAN:
Tan  =

r
Opp

Tan  o
a
=
Tan 50
r
4
=
Tan 50 x 4 =
r4.8 cm = r
6. We have been given
Hyp the opp and hyp so we
k 12 cm use SINE:
Opp
Sin  =
25o

sin  = o
h
sin 25 = k
12
Sin 25 x 12 = k
5.1 cm = k
Finding a side from a triangle
There are occasions when the unknown
letter is on the bottom of the fraction after
substituting.
Cos45= 13
u
Move the u term to the other
side.
It becomes a “times” when it
moves.
Cos45 x u =
13
To leave u on its own, move the cos 45
to other side, it becomes a divide.

u=
13
Cos 45
When the unknown letter is on the bottom of
the fraction we can simply swap it with the trig
(sin A, cos A, or tan A)
value.

Cos 45 = 13
u
13
u= Cos 45
7.
Hyp
x

5 cm
30o
Cos  = a
Adj h
Cos 30 = 5
x
x= 5
cos 30

x = 5.8 cm
8.
Hyp
8 cm m
o
Opp sin  = h
25o
8
sin 25 = m
8
m= sin25

m = 18.9 cm
Using ratios to find angles

We have just found that a


scientific calculator holds the ratio
information for sine (sin), cosine
(cos) and tangent (tan) for all
angles.
It can also be used in reverse,
finding an angle from a
ratio.
To do this we use the -1
, cos-1
and
sin tan-1function
keys.
Example:

1.sin x = 0.1115 find angle x.

sin-1 0.1115 =

( shift sin )
x = sin-1(0.1115)

x = 6.4o
2. cos x = 0.8988 find angle x

cos-1 0.8988 =

( shift cos )

x = cos-1(0.8988)

x = 26o
Finding an angle from a triangle

To find a missing angle from a right-angled


triangle we need to know two of the sides of
the triangle.

We can then choose the appropriate ratio, sin,


cos or tan and use the calculator to identify the
angle from the decimal value of the
ratio.
1. Find angle C

14 cm a) Identify/label the names


of the sides.
b) Choose the ratio that
C contains BOTH of the
6 cm letters.
1. We have been given the
H adjacent and
14 cm hypotenuse so we use
COSINE:

C adjacent
Cos  =
6 cm hypotenus
A e

Cos  = a
h
Cos C = 6
14
Cos C = 0.4286

C = cos-1(0.4286)
C = 64.6o
2. Find angle x
Given adj and
x need
opp to use tan:
3 cm
A opposite
Tan A = adjacent
8 cm
O
Tan A o
a
=
Tan x 8
= 3
Tan x = 2.6667

x = tan-1(2.6667)
x = 69.4o
3.
Given opp and
12 cm need
hyp to use sin:
10 cm
opposite
y Sin A = hypotenus
e

sin A = o
h
sin x = 10
12
sin x = 0.8333

x = sin-1(0.8333)
x = 56.4o
sin 30 = 0.5 sin 50 = 0.766
cos 30 = 0.866 cos 50 = 0.6428
tan 30 = 0.5774 tan 50 = 0.1.1917
Solutions
Solutions
Solutions
Activity Sheet - Matching
Solution

1. E
2. C
3. F
4. A
5. H
6. D
7. B
8. G

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