Scribd
Upload
473 views54 pages

All Maths Formulas Class 10

Uploaded by

Himanshu Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
473 views54 pages

All Maths Formulas Class 10

Uploaded by

Himanshu Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 54

Chapter 1 Real Numbers

Chapter 2 Polynomials
Chapter 3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Chapter 4 Quadratic Equations
Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions
Chapter 6 Triangles
Chapter 7 Coordinate Geometry
Chapter 8 Introduction to Trigonometry
Chapter 9 Some Applications of Trigonometry
Chapter 10 Circles
Chapter 12 Areas related to Circles
Chapter 13 Surface Areas and Volumes
Chapter 14 Statistics
Chapter 15 Probability
Chapter 1
“ Real Numbers ”
• The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every composite
number can be expressed ( factorised ) as a product of
primes, and this factorisation is unique, apart from the
order in which the prime factors occur.
• HCF : Product of the smallest power of each
common prime factor in the numbers.
• LCM : Product of the greatest power of each
prime factor, involved in the numbers.

• HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b


• Theorem 1.3 : Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2 ,
then p divides a, where a is a positive integer.
Theorem 1.4 : √𝟐 is irrational
Proof : Let us assume, to the contrary, that 2 is rational.
𝐫
So, we can find integers r and s (≠ 0) such that √2 = .
𝐬

Suppose r and s have a common factor other than 1. Then, we divide by the
𝐚
common factor to get √2 = where a and b are coprime.
𝐛
So, b√2 = a.
Squaring on both sides and rearranging, we get 2b2 = a2.
Therefore, 2 divides a2. Now, by Theorem 1.3, it follows that 2 divides a.
So, we can write a = 2c for some integer c.
Substituting for a, we get 2b2 = 4c2 , that is, b2 = 2c2 .
This means that 2 divides b2 , and so 2 divides b (again using Theorem 1.3 with p=2).
Therefore, a and b have at least 2 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that a and b have no common factors other than 1.
This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect assumption that 2 is rational.
So, we conclude that 2 is irrational.
• The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational
number is irrational.

• The product and quotient of a non-zero rational and


irrational number is irrational.
Chapter 2
“ Polynomials ”
• Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a
Polynomial
−𝒃
α+β=
𝒂

𝒄
αβ =
𝒂
−𝒃
α+β+γ =
𝒂

𝒄
αβ + βγ + γα =
𝒂

−𝒅
αβγ =
𝒂
To find the a Quadratic Polynomial whose sum and
product of zeroes are given

x2 – (α + β )x + αβ
Chapter 3
“ Pair of Linear Equations in
...............Two Variables ”
Graphical Representation :

• The lines will Intersect.


• The line will coincide.
• The lines are parallel
Algebraic Methods

(i) Substitution Method


(ii) Elimination Method
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

𝑎1 𝑏 1
(i) Intersecting then ≠
𝑎2 𝑏 2

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(ii) Co-incident then = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
(iii) Parallel then
𝑎2
≠ =
𝑏2 𝑐2

@Class_10_Guides on Telegram for More


Chapter 4
“ Quadratic Equations ”
Quadratic Equations
A quadratic equation in the variable x is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.

-b + √ b2 - 4ac provided b2 – 4ac ≥ 0.


Quadratic formula =
2a
A quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has :-

(i) two distinct real roots, if b2 – 4ac > 0


(ii) two equal roots, if b2 – 4ac = 0
(iii) no real roots, if b2 – 4ac < 0
Chapter 5
“ Arithmetic Progression ”
Arithmetic Progressions
An arithmetic progression (AP) is a list of numbers in which each term
is obtained by adding a fixed number d to the preceding term, except
the first term. The fixed number d is called the common difference.

The general form of an AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, . . .

In an AP with first term a and common difference d, the nth term is


given by :-
an = a + (n – 1) d
The sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by :-
𝒏
S= [ 2a + ( n-1 ) d ]
𝟐

If l is the last term of the finite AP, say the nth term, then the
sum of all terms of the AP is given by :-

𝒏
S= [a+l]
𝟐
Chapter 6
“ Triangles ”
Theorem 6.1 : If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points,
the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Theorem 6.2 : If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in


the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side.
Criteria for Similarity of Triangles

• AAA
• AA
• SSS
• SAS
Areas of Similar Triangles
• Theorem 6.6 - The ratio of the areas of two similar
triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides.
Pythagoras Theorem

• Theorem 6.8 :- In a right triangle, the square of the


hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
two sides.

• Theorem 6.9 :- In a triangle, if square of one side is


equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides,
then the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.
Chapter 7
“ Coordinate Geometry ”
• Distance Formula
The distance between the points P(x1 , y1 ) and Q( x2 , y2 ) is :

PQ = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 𝟐

The distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is

..................................... 𝒙 2 + 𝒚 2)
• Section Formula
The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining
the points A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 ), internally, in the ratio m1 : m2 are :

𝑚1 𝑥2+𝑚2𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2+𝑚2𝑦1
𝑚1+𝑚2 , 𝑚1+𝑚2
The mid-point of the line segment joining the points P(x1 , y1 )
and Q(x2 , y2 ) is :
𝑥1+𝑥2 𝑦1+𝑦2
2 , 2
Chapter 8
“ Introduction to
.............Trigonometry ”
Trigonometric Ratios
1) Sin 𝜃 2) Cos 𝜃 3) Tan 𝜃
𝑃 𝐵 𝑃
𝐻 𝐻 𝐵

4) Cosec 𝜃 5) Sec 𝜃 6) Cot 𝜃


𝐻 𝐻 𝐵
𝑃 𝐵 𝑃
Trigonometric Ratios of some specific angles
Trigonometric Ratios of Complementary Angles

sin (90° – A) = cos A, cos (90° – A) = sin A,

tan (90° – A) = cot A, cot (90° – A) = tan A,

sec (90° – A) = cosec A, cosec (90° – A) = sec A,


Trigonometric Identities

• cos2 A + sin2 A = 1
• 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A
• cot2 A + 1 = cosec2 A
Chapter 10
“ Circles ”
Circles
Theorem 10.1 -- The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular
to the radius through the point of contact.

Theorem 10.2 -- The lengths of tangents drawn from an external


point to a circle are equal.
Chapter 12
“ Areas related to Circles ”
• Circumference of a circle = 2πr
• Area of a circle = πr2
𝛉
• Area of a sector of a circle = × πr2
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝛉
• Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = × 2πr
𝟑𝟔𝟎

• Area of segment of a circle = Area of the sector – Area


of the triangle.
Chapter 13
“ Surface Areas &
Volumes ”
Surface Areas and Volumes
Chapter 14
“ Statistics ”
Statistics
So, the mean x of the data is given by :-

Σ fixi
x =
Σ fi

upper class limit + lower class limit


Class Mark =
2
f1 – f0
Mode = l + × h
2f1 – f0 – f2

l = lower limit of the modal class.


f1 = frequency of the modal class.
f0 = frequency of the preceding class of the modal class.
f2 = frequency of the succeeding class of the modal class.
h = size of the class interval.
Modal class = class interval with highest frequency.
𝒏
– cf
𝟐 × h
Median = l +
f

l = lower limit of median class,


n = number of observations,
cf = cumulative frequency of class preceding the median class,
f = frequency of median class,
h = class size (assuming class size to be equal).
Chapter 15
“ Probability ”
Probability of an event E, written as P( E ), is defined as :

P(E)= Number of outcomes favourable to E


Number of all possible outcomes of the experiment

For any event E,

P ( E ) + P ( E ) = 1, which gives us P( E ) = 1 – P( E )
where E stands for ‘ not E ’. E and E are called
complementary events.
• The probability of a sure event (or certain event) is 1

• The probability of an impossible event is 0

• The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such


that 0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1

• An event having only one outcome is called an


elementary event. The sum of the probabilities of all
the elementary events of an experiment is 1
Revision Finished !!
Thanks For Choosing @Class_10_Guides

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy