SELF INSTRUCTIONAL PACKETS

PRECALCULUS (GRADE 11 STEM STRAND)

WEEK 3-4
I. OBJECTIVES

A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of circular functions,
trigonometric identities, inverse trigonometric functions, and the polar coordinate
system
B. Performance Standards
The learner is able to formulate and solve accurately situational problems involving
circular functions
C. Learning Competencies
The learner:
1. illustrates the domain and range of the different circular functions (STEM_PC11T-
IIc-1)
2. graphs the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase shift
(STEM_PC11T-IIc-d-1)
3. solves situational problems involving circular functions (STEM_PC11T-IId-2)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Illustrate the domain and range of the circular functions.
2. Graph the six circular functions.
3. Solve situational problems involving circular functions.

II. CONTENT
Trigonometry

Learning Resources
A. Reference
Precalculus Teaching Guide, Next Century Mathematics (Fernando B. Orines), and
Precalculus of Senior High (Amacio, et. al)
B. Other Learning Resources
None

III. PROCEDURES

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Hello there! How are you? I hope you’re all doing great.

First, let us recall the last lesson we’ve discussed which is about angle in standard position
coterminal angles, circular functions and reference angle.
• An angle is in standard position if it is drawn in the 𝑥𝑦-plane with its vertex at the origin
and its initial side on the positive 𝑥-axis.
• Two angles in standard position that have a common terminal side are called coterminal
angles. Observe that the degree measures of coterminal angles differ by multiples of
360°.
• Sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent are the six circular/
trigonometric functions.
• Reference angle is an angle that is used to determine the correct sign and value of a
particular circular function at an angle 𝜃.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

Periodic phenomena are found in real-life situations. One example is the human heartbeat, which
can be graphed through the electrocardiogram (ECG). (see figure below)

As we explore the discussion for this week, we will discover the repetitive nature of the circular
functions. Functions whose values are cyclical or repetitive are called periodic functions. The
values of periodic functions repeat after a certain interval.

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C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

Graphically, one complete cycle constitutes a

period. Consider the given graph.

The graph of a function shown on the left side is

periodic. Its period is 2. The pattern tends to
repeat after an interval of 2 units.

A function 𝑓 is said to be periodic if there is a

positive integer 𝑝 such that 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑝) for all the 𝑥
in the domain 𝑓.
There are many things that occur periodically. Phenomena like rotation of the planets and comets,
high and low tides and yearly change of seasons follow a definite pattern. In this lesson, we will
graph the six circular functions and we will see that they are periodic in nature.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1

Domain, Range, and Graphs of Circular Functions

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

Recall that, for a real number 𝑥, sin 𝑥 = sin 𝜃 for an angle 𝜃 with measure 𝑥 radians, and that sin 𝜃
is the second coordinate of 𝑃(𝜃) on the unit circle. To graph circular functions, we will use the
special angles (radian measure) of the unit circle. They will serve as 𝑥 on the table of values that
we will construct.
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6
1 √2 √3 √3 √2 1 1 √2 √3 −1 √3 √2 − 1
0 1 0 − 0
𝑦 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 − 2 −
2
−
2
−
2 2
0 0.5 0.71 0.87 1 0.87 0.71 0.5 0 −0.5 −0.71 −0.87 −1 −0.87 −0.71 −0.5 0

𝜋
From the table, we can observe that as 𝑥 increases from 0 to , sin 𝑥 also increases from 0 to 1.
2
3𝜋
Similarly, as 𝑥 increases from to 2𝜋, sin 𝑥 also increases from −1 to 0. On the other hand,
2
𝜋
notice that as 𝑥 increases from to 𝜋, sin 𝑥 decreases from 1 to 0. Similarly, as 𝑥 increases from
2
3𝜋
𝜋 to , sin 𝑥 decreases from 0 to −1.
2

To sketch the graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, we plot points presented on the table and join them with
a smooth curve. See Figure 3.12. Since the graph repeats every 2𝜋 units, Figure 3.13 shows
periodic graph over a longer interval.

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Based on the table of values and graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, we can have the following observations:

Domain: (−∞, ∞); Range: [−1, 1]; Maximum Value: −1; Minimum Value: 1; & Period: 2𝜋

𝒚 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙

Consider the table of values below and corresponding graph of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 in [0, 2𝜋]
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6
√3 √2 1 1 √2 √3 √3 √2 1 1 √2 √3
𝑦 1 0 − − − −1 − − − 0 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Based on the table of values and graph of 𝑦 =

cos 𝑥, we can have the following observations:

Domain: (−∞, ∞); Range: [−1, 1]; Maximum

Value: −1; Minimum Value: 1; & Period: 2𝜋

From the graphs of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑦 = cos 𝑥, we observe that sin(−𝑥) = − sin 𝑥 and
cos(−𝑥) = cos 𝑥 for any real number 𝑥. In other words, the graphs of 𝑦 = cos(−𝑥) and 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
are the same, while the graph of 𝑦 = sin(−𝑥) is the same as that of 𝑦 = − sin 𝑥.

In general, if a function 𝑓 satisfies the property that 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all the 𝑥 in its domain,
we say that a function is even. On the other hand, we say that a function 𝑓 is odd if 𝑓(−𝑥) =
−𝑓(𝑥) for all in its domain. For example, the functions 𝑥 2 and cos 𝑥 are even, while functions 𝑥 3 −
3𝑥 and sin 𝑥 are odd.

𝒚 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
sin 𝑥
The tangent function 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 can be expressed as 𝑦 = and is undefined at values
cos 𝑥
𝜋
where cos 𝑥 = 0, that is, when 𝑥 = + 𝑘𝜋. These values of 𝑥 are the vertical asymptotes of the
2
graph of the tangent function. Let us consider the table of values below and the corresponding
graph of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥. To sketch its graph, it will be enough to know its one-cycle graph on the open
𝜋 𝜋
interval (− , ).
2 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 − − − − 0
2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2
√3 √3
𝑦 undefined −√3 −1 − 0 1 √3 undefined
3 3

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Based on the table of values and graph of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥, we can have the following observations:
𝑘𝜋
Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ , 𝑘 is an odd integer}; Range: (−∞, ∞);
2
Minimum Value: None; Maximum Value: None; & Period: 𝜋

We note that tan 𝑥 = 0 when sin 𝑥 = 0 (that is , when 𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 is any integer ), and that the graph
𝑘𝜋
of 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 has asymptotes 𝑥 = , 𝑘 is an odd integer. Furthermore, by recalling the signs of
2
tangent from Quadrant I to Quadrant IV and its values, we observe that the tangent function is
periodic with period 𝜋.

𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙

In the same manner as 𝑦 = tan 𝑥, the table of values, graphs and observations for 𝑦 =
cos 𝑥
cot 𝑥 = are obtained:
sin 𝑥

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 − − − − 0
2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2
√3 √3
𝑦 0 − −1 −√3 undefined √3 1 0
3 3

Domain:{𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍}; Range:(−∞, ∞); Minimum Value: None;

Maximum Value: None; & Period: 𝜋

𝒚 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙
1
The cosecant function is expressed as csc 𝑥 = . This function is undefined for values
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
when sin 𝑥 = 0, that is when 𝑥 = 𝑘𝜋, an integer. These values of 𝑥 are the vertical asymptotes of
the graph of 𝑦 = csc 𝑥. Let us consider the table of values below and the graph of 𝑦 = csc 𝑥.

𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
0 𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6
𝑦 2√3 2√3 2√3 2√3
𝑢 2 √2 1 √2 2 𝑢 −2 −√2 − −1 − −√2 −2 𝑢
2 2 2 2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

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 The graphs of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 (dashed
curve) and 𝑦 = csc 𝑥 (solid
curve) over a large interval.

Based on the table of values and graph of 𝑦 = csc 𝑥, we can have the following observations:

Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍}; Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞); Minimum Value:
None; Maximum Value: None; & Period: 2𝜋

𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙
1
Consider the function sec 𝑥 = and is undefined at values where cos 𝑥 = 0, that is, when
cos 𝑥
𝜋
𝑥 = + 𝑘𝜋. These values of 𝑥 are the vertical asymptotes of the graph of 𝑦 = sec 𝑥. Let us consider
2
the table of values below and the corresponding graph of 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 whose period is 2𝜋.

𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋
− − − − 0 𝜋
2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2
𝑦 2√3 2√3 2√3 2√3
𝑢 2 √2 1 √2 2 𝑢 −2 −√2 − −1 − −√2 −2 𝑢
2 2 2 2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑

The graphs of 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 (dashed

curve) and 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 (solid
curve) over a large interval.

Based on the table of values and graph of 𝑦 = csc 𝑥, we can have the following observations:

𝑘𝜋
Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ , 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟}; Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞);
2
Minimum Value: None; Maximum Value: None; & Period: 2𝜋

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙

Using a table of values from 0 to 2𝜋, we can sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥, and compare it to the
graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥. See the figure below, wherein the solid curve belongs to 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥,while the
𝜋
dashed curve to 𝑦 = sin 𝑥. For instance, if 𝑥 = , then 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑦 = sin 𝑥, and 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑦 =
2
3 sin 𝑥. The period, 𝑥 −intercepts, and domains are the same for both graphs, while they differ in
the range. The range of 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 is [−3, 3].

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 In general, the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑥and 𝑦 = a cos 𝑥 with 𝑎 > 0 have the same shape as
the graphs of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑦 = cos 𝑥, respectively. If 𝑎 < 0, across the 𝑥-axis. The range of both
𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑥 is [−|𝑎|, |𝑎|].

In the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑥, the number |𝑎| is called the amplitude. It dictates
the height of the curve. When |𝑎| < 1, the graphs are shrunk vertically, and when |𝑎| > 1, the
graphs are stretched vertically.

Now, in the given table of values, we consider the values of 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥 on [0, 2𝜋]
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋
𝑥 0 𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6
0 √3 1 √3 0 √3 −1 √3 0 √3 1 √3 0 √3 −1 √3 0
𝑦 − − − −
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0.87 1 0.87 0 −0.87 −1 −0.87 0 0.87 1 0.87 0 −0.87 −1 −0.87 0

If 𝑏 ≠ 0, then both 𝑦 = sin 𝑏𝑥

and 𝑦 = cos 𝑏𝑥 have period by
2𝜋
|𝑏|
. If 0 < |𝑏| < 1, the graphs are
stretched horizontally, and if
|𝑏| > 1, the graphs are shrunk
horizontally.

Let us have the following examples:

Determine the period and amplitude of the following.

a. 𝑦 = 2 sin 4𝑥

Solution: Given 𝑎 = 2 and 𝑏 = 4.

2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 𝝅
Amplitude: |𝑎| = |2| = 𝟐; Period: |𝑏| = |4| = |4| =
𝟐

𝑥
b. 𝑦 = −3 cos
2

1
Solution: Given 𝑎 = −3 and 𝑏 = .
2
2𝜋 2𝜋 2
Amplitude: |𝑎| = |−3| = 𝟑; Period: |𝑏| = 1 = 2𝜋 ∙ = 𝟒𝝅
|2 | 1
1 2𝑥
c. 𝑦 = sin (− )
2 3

1 2
Solution: Given 𝑎 = and 𝑏 = − .
2 3

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 1 𝟏 2𝜋 2𝜋 3
Amplitude: |𝑎| = | | = ; Period: |𝑏| = 2 = 2𝜋 ∙ = 𝟑𝝅
2 𝟐 |−3| 2

3𝜋
d. 3 − 5 cos(2𝑥 + )
4

Solution: For instance, you’ve encountered example like this to determine 𝑎 and 𝑏. We will do
the same process like what we did on the previous examples. The constant "3" and the second
3𝜋
term has nothing to do with the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏. 𝑎 is always the numerical coefficient of the
4
trigonometric functions sine or cosine and 𝑏 is always the numerical coefficient of the angle 𝑥.
Thus, 𝑎 = −5 and 𝑏 = 2.
2𝜋 2𝜋
Amplitude: |𝑎| = |−5| = 𝟓; Period: |𝑏| = |2| = 𝝅

Now I would like you to try on your own the next example.

Answer the following on your precalculus notebook.

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

1 𝑥 𝑥
a. 𝑦 = sin 3𝑥 b. 𝑦 = −2 cos (− ) c. 𝑦 = −2 cos 4𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (− )
2 2 3
Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to the key to corrections. Very Good
4
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the 3 Good
table given. 2 Fair
Turn to sec. J
If your score is at least 2 out of 4, you may now proceed to the next
and work on
part of the discussion. 0-1 the
enrichment
Simple Harmonic Motion activities

Some motions are also periodic. When a weight is suspended on a spring, pulled down,
and released, the weight oscillates up and down. Neglecting resistance, this oscillatory motion of
the weight will continue on and on, and its height is periodic with respect to time.

24 | P a g e
 Periodic motions are usually modelled by either sine or cosine function, and are called
simple harmonic motions. Unimpeded movements of objects like oscillation, vibration, rotation,
and motion due to water waves are real-life occurrences that behave in simple harmonic motion.

Equations of Simple Harmonic Motions

The displacement 𝑦 (directed height or length) of an object behaving in a simple harmonic

motion with respect to time 𝑡 is given by one of the following equations:

𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑐) + 𝑑
or
𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑐) + 𝑑.

In both equations, we have the following information:

1
• amplitude = |𝑎| = (𝑀 − 𝑚) – the maximum displacement above and below the rest
2
position or central position or equilibrium, where 𝑀 is the maximum height and 𝑚 is the
minimum height;
2𝜋
• period = |𝑏| – the time required to complete one cycle (from one highest or lowest point to
the next);
|𝑏|
• frequency = - the number of cycles per unit of time;
2𝜋
• 𝑐 – responsible for the horizontal shift; and
• 𝑑 – responsible for the vertical shift in displacement.

F. Developing mastery

Answer the following on your precalculus notebook.

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 4 sin 𝑥 b. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 c. 𝑦 = cos d. 𝑦 = − sin 2𝑥
4
Score Description
Now, check your work by turning to the key to corrections.
4 Very Good
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using 3 Good
the table given. Fair
2
If your score is at least 2 out of 4, you may now proceed to the Turn to sec. J and
next part of the discussion. 0-1 work on the
enrichment activities

G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

A sine wave or sinusoid, named after sine function, is a mathematical curve that
describes a smooth repetitive oscillation.

Sine waves have many applications in the real world. Have you listened to the radio lately
or have you played a musical instrument? You are actually hearing sound waves having the shape
of sine waves.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

• A function 𝑓 is said to be periodic if there is a positive integer 𝑝 such that 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑝) for all
the 𝑥 in the domain 𝑓.
• Characteristics of sine function: Domain: (−∞, ∞); Range: [−1, 1]; Maximum Value: −1;
Minimum Value: 1; & Period: 2𝜋.
• Characteristics of cosine function: Domain: (−∞, ∞); Range: [−1, 1]; Maximum Value: −1;
Minimum Value: 1; & Period: 2𝜋.

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 𝑘𝜋
• Characteristics of tangent function: Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ , 𝑘 is an
2
odd integer}; Range: (−∞, ∞); Minimum Value: None; Maximum Value: None; & Period:
𝜋.
• Characteristics of cotangent function: Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍};
Range: (−∞, ∞);Minimum Value: None; Maximum Value: None; & Period: 𝜋.
• Characteristics of cosecant function: Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: sin 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ 𝑘𝜋, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍};
Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞); Minimum Value: None; Maximum Value: None; & Period: 2𝜋.
• Characteristics of secant function: Domain: {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: cos 𝑥 ≠ 0} = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠
𝑘𝜋
, 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟}; Range: (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞); Minimum Value: None; Maximum
2
Value: None; & Period: 2𝜋
• The formula to determine the amplitude and period of functions 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 and 𝒚 =
2𝜋
𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙, use the formulas |𝑎| (amplitude) and |𝑏| (period).
• Periodic motions are usually modelled by either sine or cosine function, and are called
simple harmonic motions.
• Equations of Simple Harmonic Motions: The displacement 𝑦 (directed height or length)
of an object behaving in a simple harmonic motion with respect to time 𝑡 is given by one
of the following equations:

𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑐) + 𝑑
or
𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝑏(𝑡 − 𝑐) + 𝑑.

In both equations, we have the following information:

1
o amplitude = |𝑎| = (𝑀 − 𝑚) – the maximum displacement above and below the
2
rest position or central position or equilibrium, where 𝑀 is the maximum height and
𝑚 is the minimum height;
2𝜋
o period = |𝑏| – the time required to complete one cycle (from one highest or lowest
point to the next);
|𝑏|
o frequency = - the number of cycles per unit of time;
2𝜋
o 𝑐 – responsible for the horizontal shift; and
o 𝑑 – responsible for the vertical shift in displacement.

I. Evaluating learning

WRITTEN WORK #3

Direction: Use yellow papers to answer Written Work #3. Copy the given and follow the given
instructions. Express your final answers in simplest form if fraction and/or extract the radicals if
possible. Don’t forget to write the unit of your final answer. Label your paper using the format
shown below and it is to be submitted to your Precalculus teacher.

Name: _______________________________ Section: 11 – STEM __

Subject: Precalculus Week Number: 3-4 Parent’s Signature: ___________________

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions. Show your complete solution for
each item.

1 1 3 𝑥 2 3 2𝑥
1. 𝑦 = sin 5𝑥 2. 𝑦 = cos(−4𝑥) 3. 𝑦 = sin ( ) 4. 𝑦 = − cos 𝑥 5. 𝑦 = − cos(− )
4 2 4 2 7 5 3

J. Additional activities for application or remediation

𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 (SECTION E)

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

1
a. 𝑦 = 2 + sin 4𝑥 b. 𝑦 = −1 + cos 𝑥 c. 𝑦 = − sin 3𝑥 d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (−𝑥)
2

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You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 2 out of 4. (please see
key to corrections)

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT (SECTION F)

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
a. 𝑦 = 3 − 2 cos b. 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 − ) c. 𝑦 = 2 cos (𝑥 + ) d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (𝑥 − 4𝜋)
2 4 3

You may proceed to the next part of the discussion if your score is at least 2 out of 4. (please see
key to corrections)

If not, you have to go back to section A and try all over again.

If you need more help, send your teacher a message so he/she can assist you.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

✓ SECTION E

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

1 1 2𝜋
a. 𝑦 = sin 3𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: ; Period:
2 2 3
𝑥
b. 𝑦 = −2 cos (− ) Answer: Amplitude: 2; Period: 4𝜋
2
𝜋
c. 𝑦 = −2 cos 4𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 2; Period:
2
𝑥
d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (− ) Answer: Amplitude: 3; Period: 6𝜋
3

✓ SECTION F

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

a. 𝑦 = 4 sin 𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 4; Period: 2𝜋

b. 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 3; Period: 2𝜋
𝑥
c. 𝑦 = cos Answer: Amplitude: 1; Period: 8𝜋
4
d. 𝑦 = − sin 2𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 1; Period: 𝜋

✓ SECTION J: 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒙 and 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙 (SECTION E)

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

𝜋
a. 𝑦 = 2 + sin 4𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 1; Period:
2
b. 𝑦 = −1 + cos 𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: 1; Period: 2𝜋
1 1 2𝜋
c. 𝑦 = − sin 3𝑥 Answer: Amplitude: ; Period:
2 2 3
d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (−𝑥) Answer: Amplitude: 3; Period: 2𝜋

✓ SECTION J: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT (SECTION F)

Determine the period and amplitude of the following functions:

𝑥
a. 𝑦 = 3 − 2cos Answer: Amplitude: 2; Period: 4𝜋
2
𝜋
b. 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 − ) Answer: Amplitude: 1; Period: 2𝜋
4
𝜋
c. 𝑦 = 2 cos (𝑥 + ) Answer: Amplitude: 2; Period: 2𝜋
3
d. 𝑦 = 3 sin (𝑥 − 4𝜋) Answer: Amplitude: 3; Period: 2𝜋

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