Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CATBALOGAN CITY

Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

PRE-CALCULUS (Grade 11)
Name of Learner: ____________________________________Grade & Section: ______________

School: _______________________________________________Teacher: _____________________

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET FOR QUARTER 2, WEEK 3

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF THE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS & its
GRAPH
Competencies:
1. Illustrate the domain and range of the different circular functions STEM_PC11T-IIc-1
2. Graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase shift
STEM_PC11T-IIc-d-1

General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. Read the directions
carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet to your teacher/facilitator once you are
through with it.

Explore (Review and Motivation)

Activity 1: Plot and Connect!

DIRECTION: Complete the table below. Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve. (Recall prior knowledge of graphing). (Hint: remember that sin θ = y)

1.
x -2π 7𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 -π 3𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 0
− − − − − −
4 2 4 4 2 4

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Maharlika Highway, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision
Telefax: (005) 251-3196 | (055) 543-8268
\| jlb2020
 sin x
2.
x 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 π 5𝜋 3𝜋 7𝜋 2π
4 2 4 4 2 4
sin x

Guide questions:
1. What did you do to find the value of sin x in item number 1 and 2?
2. Where you able to graph the table number 1? How about table number 2?
3. Did you find any difficulty in the conduct of the activity? What did you do to overcome this
difficulty?

Learn (What is it/Discussion of the Topic)

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF sin (x)

To find the domain and range of sin(x), let's have a circle with radius 1 and center at the
origin. For any point on this circle, if we draw a right-angled triangle its hypotenuse will
always be 1.
As we understand, the sin(x) is defined as the opposite divided by the hypotenuse. For this
unit circle, at any point, sin(x) is equal to opposite / 1. This measure of opposite can be
defined for all the points on the circle, indicating that the angle x can take any value. So, the
domain of sin(x) is all real numbers. Also, the value of sin(x), depending on the point on the
circle, can go to a maximum of 1 at x = 90 degrees and a minimum of -1 at x = 270 degrees.
So, the range of sin(x) is -1 to 1.
In short, for y = sin(x): Domain = [+ ∞, - ∞], Range = [-1, +1]

DOMAIN AND RANGE OF COS(X)

We can calculate the domain and range of cos(x). As we saw in the case of sin(x), for any
point on a unit circle, the cos(x) is equal to adjacent / 1.
The measure of adjacent can be defined for all the points on the circle, indicating that the
angle x can take any value. So, the domain of cos(x) is all real numbers. Also, the value of
cos(x), depending on the point on the circle, can go to a maximum of 1 at x = 0 degrees and
a minimum of -1 at x = 180 degrees. So, the range of cos(x) is from -1 to 1.
In short, for y = cos(x): Domain = [- ∞, + ∞]; Range = [- 1, + 1].

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
DOMAIN AND RANGE OF TAN(X)

From the definition of tangent, tan(x) = sin(x) / cos(x); value of sin(x) and cos(x) € [-1,1]
Therefore, tan(x) exists when cos(x) ≠ 0. So, domain of tan(x) is set of all the real values of x,
excluding values of x for which cos(x) = 0.
𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋
We know that cos(x) = 0 when x = 2 , , ,…
2 2
𝜋
i.e. when x is odd multiples of 2
--> x = (2n + 1) n € Z.
𝜋
Therefore, Domain of tan(x) = R - (2n + 1) , 2 where n € Z; Range of tan(x) is (- ∞, ∞).
FUNCTION DOMAIN RANGE
Sin x All 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ [-1, 1]
Cos x All 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ [-1, 1]
𝜋
Tan x All 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ except ± 𝑛𝜋 All 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
2

Example 1: Find the domain and range of 𝑦 = sin(𝑥 ) − 2 .

Solution:

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Range: −3 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ −1, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

Notice that the range is simply shifted down 2 units.

Example 2: Find the domain and range of 𝑦 = cos (𝑥 ) + 3 .

Solution:

Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Range: 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 4, 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

Notice that the range is simply shifted down 3 units.

Example 3: Find the domain and range of 𝑦 = 3 cos (2𝑥 − 5 ) + 4

Solution:

Domain: {𝑥 ∈ ℝ
Range: -1≤ cos(2𝑥 − 5) ≤ 1
3(-1)≤ 3 cos(2𝑥 − 5) ≤ 3(1)
-3 + 4 ≤ 3 cos(2𝑥 − 5) + 4 ≤ 3 + 4 = 𝟏 ≤ 𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟓) + 𝟒 ≤ 𝟕, 𝒚 ∈ ℝ

Notice that the range is simply shifted down 3 units.

Example 4: Find the domain and range of 𝑦 = 3 tan(𝑥).

Solution:

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 𝑥 1
Domain: 𝑥 ∈ ℝ: + 2 ∉ ℤ}
𝜋

Notice that the domain is the same as the domain for y = tan(x) because the graph was
stretched vertically -which does not change where the vertical asymptotes occur.

Range: 𝑦 ∈ ℝ

GRAPHING THE SIX CIRCULAR FUNCTION

Steps in Graphing of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄) and 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄)
1. Determine the amplitude. The amplitude is given by |𝑎| which indicates the height of the
graph.
2𝜋
2. Determine the period m of the function. The period is given by m = | 𝑏 | is equal to the
length of one complete cycle.
3. Divide the period into four equal parts.
4. Construct the table of values.
5. Plot the points then connect to sketch the graph.

Example 1. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.

Solution:
Amplitude = |𝑎| = |2| = 2
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: m = | 𝑏 | = m = | 1 | = 2𝜋

Divide the period into four equal parts:

𝑚 2𝜋 𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 3𝑚 3(2𝜋) 3𝜋
= = = =𝜋 = = 𝑚 = 2𝜋
4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2

Table of values:

x 0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
2 2
y 0 2 0 -2 0

Graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.

Graph by GeoGebra Application

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
Domain: x ∈ R
Range: [ - 2, 2]
Zeros of the function: 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋, 𝑛𝜋 where n is an integer
Maximum value is 2 and minimum value is – 2
The graph is a smooth curve which extends indefinitely in both directions of the x-axis.

The basic curve 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 may shift horizontally. The amount of shifting either to the
left or to the right is known as the phase shift. The phase shift of the sine function is given
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
by 𝑏. If > 0, then move the curve of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 to the left by units. If < 0, then move the
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑐
curve of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 to the right by units.
𝑏

Example 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝜋).

Solution:
Amplitude = |𝑎| = |2| = 2
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: m = | 𝑏 | = m = | 1 | = 2𝜋

Divide the period into four equal parts:

𝑚 2𝜋 𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 3𝑚 3(2𝜋) 3𝜋
= = = = 𝜋 = = 𝑚 = 2𝜋
4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2
𝑐
The phase shift is 𝑏 = 𝜋. Since 𝜋 > 0, we move the basic curve 𝜋 units to the left. Thus,

𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
− 𝜋=− 𝜋− 𝜋=0 − 𝜋= 2𝜋 − 𝜋 = 𝜋
2 2 2 2

Table of values:

x 𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
−
2 2 2
y 2 0 -2 0 2
Graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 𝜋).

Graph by GeoGebra Application

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 𝜋
Example 3. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) and 𝑦 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − 3 )

Solution:
For 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙)
Amplitude = |𝑎| = |1| = 1
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: m = | 𝑏 | = m = | 1 | = 2𝜋

Divide the period into four equal parts:

𝑚 2𝜋 𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 3𝑚 3(2𝜋) 3𝜋
= = = =𝜋 = = 𝑚 = 2𝜋
4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2

Table of values:

x 0 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
2 2
y 1 0 -1 0 1

Graph of y = cos x by GeoGebra Application

Domain: x ∈ R
Range: [ - 1, 1]
𝜋 3𝜋 𝑛𝜋
Zeros of the function: 2 , 21 ⋯ , where n is an odd integer
2

Maximum value is 1 and minimum value is – 1

The graph is a smooth curve which extends indefinitely in both directions of the x-axis.

𝟏 𝝅
For 𝒚 = − 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙 − 𝟑 )
1 1
Amplitude = |𝑎| = |− 2| = 2
2𝜋 2𝜋
Period: m = | 𝑏 | = m = | 1 | = 2𝜋

Divide the period into four equal parts:

𝑚 2𝜋 𝜋 𝑚 2𝜋 3𝑚 3(2𝜋) 3𝜋
= = = =𝜋 = = 𝑚 = 2𝜋
4 4 2 2 2 4 4 2
𝜋
𝑐 −3 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
The phase shift is = = − 3 . Since − 3 < 0, we move the basic curve units to the
𝑏 1 3

right. Thus,
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 11𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋
2
+3= 6
𝜋+ 3
= 3 2
+3= 6
2𝜋 + 3
= 3

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 Table of values:

x 0 𝜋 4𝜋 11𝜋 7𝜋
6 3 6 3
y 1 √3 1 0 1
− − −
4 4 2 2
1 𝜋
Graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) and 𝑦 = − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − 3 )

Graph by GeoGebra Application

1 𝜋 𝜋
Observe that the graph of 𝑦 = − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 − 3 ) is shifted units to the right of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)
3
1
graph with respect to the x-axis and its height decreases to 2.

GRAPHS OF COSECANT AND SECANT FUNCTIONS

1
We know that 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 if 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ≠ 0. Using this relationship, we can sketch the graph

of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
Table of values:

x 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 7𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
6 2 6 2
y = sin 0 1 1 0 1 -1 0
−
x 2 2
y = csc und 2 1 und -2 -1 und
x

Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒄𝒔𝒄(𝒙)

Graph by GeoGebra Application

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 Like the sine and cosecant functions, the cosine and secant functions are also
reciprocals of each other. Similarly, the graph of y = sec x can be obtained from the graph
of y = cos x.
Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒆𝒄(𝒙)

Graph by GeoGebra Application

GRAPHS OF TANGENT AND COTANGENT FUNCTIONS

To sketch the graph of y = tan x, it will be enough to know its one-cycle graph on the open
𝜋 𝜋
interval (− 2 , 2 ).

Table of Values

x 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
− − − −
2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2
y = tan x und −√3 -1 √3 0 √3 1 √3 und
−
3 3
y = cot x 0 √3 -1 −√3 0 √3 1 √3 0
−
3 3
Graphs of y = tan x and y = cot x

Graph by GeoGebra Application

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 In general, to sketch the graphs of y = a tan bx and y = a cot bx, a 0 and b > 0, we may
proceed with the following steps:

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1. Determine the period 𝑏 . Then we raw one cycle of the graph on (− 2𝑏 , 2𝑏) for 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝑏𝑥, and
on 𝑦 = 𝑎 cot 𝑏𝑥
2. Determine the two adjacent vertical asymptotes (VA)
𝜋
For 𝑦 = 𝑎 tan 𝑏𝑥: VA is given by 𝑥 = ± 2𝑏
𝜋
𝑦 = 𝑎 cot 𝑏𝑥: VA is given by 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝑏

3. Determine the interval formed by the VA into four equal parts and get the three division
points between the asymptotes.
4. Evaluate the function at these x-values in Step 3.
5. Plot and join them with a smooth curve approaching to the VA.

1
Example 4. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥

Solution:
𝜋 𝜋
Period = =
𝑏 2
𝜋 3𝜋
VA: 𝑥 = ± 4 , ± 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Dividing the interval (− 4 , 4 ) into four equal parts, the key x- values are − 8 , 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 .

Table of Values:
x 𝜋 0 𝜋
−
8 8
1 1 0 1
𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑥 −
2 2 2

Graph by GeoGebra Application

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 Practice Exercises/Activity
Activity 1: Match the following functions to their Domain and Range.

Column A Column B
4𝑥 1
1. 𝑦 = 3 sin(4𝑥 − 20) + 5 a. domain: {x|x ∈ ℝ: + 2 ∉ ℤ}
𝜋
Range: {y |𝑦 ∈ ℝ}
2. 𝑦 = 4 cos(3𝑥) − 2 b. domain: {x|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
Range: {y ∈ ℝ: −16 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ −4}
3. 𝑦 = 2 tan(4𝑥) c. domain: {x|x ∈ ℝ}
Range: {y ∈ ℝ: 2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 8}
4. 𝑦 = 2 sin(2𝑥 + 4) d. domain: {x|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
Range: {y ∈ ℝ: −6 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2}
5. 𝑦 = 6 cos(5𝑥 − 12) − 10 e. domain: {x|𝑥 ∈ ℝ}
Range: {y ∈ ℝ: −2 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2}

Activity 2: Complete the table below:

Function (y)
Property −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6𝑥 5 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 − 2𝜋) 𝜋
−2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑥 + )
4 6
Period
Amplitude
Min Value
Max Value
Zeros
Phase shift
at y = cos x
Note: 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝝅

Activity 2: Sketch the graph and give its properties for each of the following
functions.

1. In the same Cartesian plane, sketch one cycle of the graphs 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 and 𝑦 =
𝜋
3 cos (𝑥 + 3 ) − 1.

1
2. In the same Cartesian plane, sketch one cycle of the graphs 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 = − 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥 and

1 𝜋
𝑦 = 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 (𝑥 − ) .
4 4

3. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = − sec 𝑥 on the interval [0, 2π].

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 𝜋 𝜋
4. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = csc 4𝑥 − 1 on the interval [- 2 , 2 ]

5. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = cot (−𝑥) on the interval [-π, π].

𝑥
6. Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 on the interval [-2π, 2π].

Engage (What I Learned/Generalizations)

Task: 3:2:1 Chart

Have you learned so much from this worksheet? Let us check the level of your
understanding through 3:2:1 Chart.

3 best things I learned about graphing circular functions

1. ______________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________

2 things that caught my interest about graphing circular functions

______________________________________________
1. _____________________________________________

1. Thing that I wanted to learn more about graphing circular functions

______________________________________________

Apply (What I Can Do)

Performance Task:

Sketch the graph of the following function in one rectangular coordinate plane. Compare the
behavior of each of the following graphs to the graph of y = sin x in terms of period, amplitude,
and phase shift.
𝜋
1. 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 − )
4
3𝜋
2. 𝑦 = sin (2𝑥 + )
2
𝜋
3. 𝑦 = sin 2 (𝑥 + 2 )

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 Post Test

1. Which of the following below has this graph?

a. 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 c. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥
b. 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 d. 𝑦 = cot 𝑥
2. What is the amplitude of the function y = 9 sin x?
a. 9π c. 9
b. 18 d. -9
3. What is the period of the function 𝑦 = 3 cos 𝑥?
a. 2π c. 3
𝜋
b. 3 d. π

𝜋
4. What is the phase shift of the function 𝑦 = sin ( 𝑥 − 4 ) ?
𝜋
a. − 4 c. 1
𝜋
b. 𝜋 d. 4
5. What is the period of the function 𝑦 = − sec 𝑥 ?
a. 𝜋 c. -π
𝜋
b. 2 d. 2𝜋
6. What is the period of the function 𝑦 = tan 5𝑥
𝜋 2𝜋
a. − 5 c. 5
5 𝜋
b. d.
𝜋 5

Refer to # 7-9.

7. What is the amplitude of the sinusoidal function?

1 1 𝜋
a.− 2 b. 2 c. 𝜋 d. − 8

8. What is the period of the function?

a. −
1 c. 𝜋
2 𝜋
1 d.− 8
b. 2
9. What is the phase shift of the graph of the function?
1 𝜋
a. − c. − 8
2
1
b. 𝜋 d. 2
10. Which number is NOT in the domain of y = tan 3x?
7𝜋 4𝜋
a. c.
6 3
𝜋
b. π d.
3
11. What is the range of sine function?

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje
 a. set of real numbers
b. between -1 and 1
c. 0, π, 2π, …nπ where n is an integer
𝜋 3𝜋 𝑛𝜋
d. 2 , ,…, 2 where n is an odd integer
2
12. Which of the following is the zeroes of the cosine function?
a. set of real numbers
b. between -1 and 1
c. 0, π, 2π, …nπ where n is an integer
𝜋 3𝜋 𝑛𝜋
d. 2 , ,…, 2 where n is an odd integer
2
2𝑥
13. What is the phase shift of 𝑦 = 4 sec 3
a. 3𝜋 c. 0
𝜋
b. 𝜋 d. 2
𝜋
14. What is the period of 𝑦 = cot (𝑥 + 4 ) ?

𝜋
a. 2𝜋 c. 2
b. -π d. 𝜋
2 𝜋
15. What is the amplitude of the function 𝑦 = 2 − 3 cos(𝑥 − 2)
a.2 c. π
𝜋 2
b. d.
2 3

Address: Purok 4, Barangay Payao, Catbalogan City, Samar

Email: depedcatbalogancitydivision15@gmail.com
Facebook Page: fb.com/CatbaloganCityDivision By: jenniferlacababardaje