Scribd
Upload
45 views21 pages

1.introduction Control System

This document introduces automatic control systems. It defines control engineering as based on feedback theory and linear system analysis. A control system interconnects components to provide a desired response. In a closed-loop automatic control system, a sensor provides feedback to a controller to dynamically adjust the control and compensate for changes to maintain the desired output. Automatic control systems automate control without human operators by using controllers, sensors, and control elements like actuators to regulate processes. The goals of understanding and controlling systems are complementary for developing effective controlled systems.

Uploaded by

hilminrozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
45 views21 pages

1.introduction Control System

This document introduces automatic control systems. It defines control engineering as based on feedback theory and linear system analysis. A control system interconnects components to provide a desired response. In a closed-loop automatic control system, a sensor provides feedback to a controller to dynamically adjust the control and compensate for changes to maintain the desired output. Automatic control systems automate control without human operators by using controllers, sensors, and control elements like actuators to regulate processes. The goals of understanding and controlling systems are complementary for developing effective controlled systems.

Uploaded by

hilminrozi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


INTRODUCTION
Control engineering is based on the foundations of feedback
theory and linear system analysis, and it generates the concepts
of network theory and communication theory. Accordingly,
control engineering is not limited to any engineering discipline
but is applicable to aeronautical, chemical, mechanical,
environmental, civil, and electrical engineering.A control
system is an interconnection of components forming a system
configuration that will provide a desired system response. The
basis for analysis of a system is the foundation provided by
linear system, which assumes a causeeffect relationship for the
components of a system..

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


EXAMPLE

SYSTEM

In most systems there will be an input


and an output. This block diagram
represents that. Signals flow from the
input, through the system and produce an
output.

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


Consider a car's cruise control, which is a
device designed to maintain vehicle
speed at a
constant desired or reference speed
provided by the driver. The controller is
the cruise control, the plant is the car, and
the system is the car and the cruise
control. The system output is the car's
speed, and the control itself is the
engine's throttle position which
determines how much power the engine
generates.

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL
In a closed-loop control system, a sensor monitors the
system output (the car's speed) and feeds the data to a
controller which adjusts the control (the throttle
position) as necessary to maintain the desired system
output (match the car's speed to the reference speed.)
Now when the car goes uphill the decrease in speed is
measured, and the throttle position changed to increase
engine power, speeding the vehicle. Feedback from
measuring the car's speed has allowed the controller to
dynamically compensate for changes to the car's speed.
It is from this feedback that the paradigm of the
control loop arises: the control affects the system output,
which in turn is measured and looped back to alter the
control

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Depending on whether a human body
(the operator) is physically involved in
the control system, they are divided
into

Manual Control

Automatic Control.

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Manual Control
System

• Control performed by a person, without


making use of automated systems. For instance
the performance of a review of a proposed
journal entry posting.
•Is basically human control which we have to
personally set up the desire output.
• As example To keep constant the temperature
of water discharged from an industrial gas-
fired heater, an operator will have to watch a
temperature gauge and adjust a fuel gas valve
accordingly (Figure 1)
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL
EXAMPLE

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


Functions of a Control System

This system need operator to control the


system, and the operator must use 5 sense and
knowledge with help on below:

• MEASUREMENT
• COMPARISON
• COMPUTATION/JUDGEMENT
• CORRECTION

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


The advantage of this system is:
-the operator will always alert and can make
quick action.

The manual operation has obvious disadvantages


: -the accuracy of operator is needed
-the continuous involvement of operators

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL
Automatic Control System

• Is a system which produce the output


without using human as the operator
• By setting up the value on device e.g.
controller, the output will be produce by
following the given value
• For example, To relieve our operator from
the tedious task of manual control, we
should automate the control loop. .

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


EXAMPLE
PID CONTROL

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


-Install an electronic temperature measurement
device.
-Automate the gas valve by adding an actuator
(and perhaps a positioner) to it so that it can be
driven electronically.
-Install a controller (in this case a PID controller),
and connect it to the electronic temperature
measurement and the automated control valve.

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


Hardware of a Control System

• SENSOR - to measure system variables


• CONTROLLER - to perform the functions
of comparison and computation
• CONTROL ELEMENT - to perform the
control action or to exert direct influence on
the process

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


Software of a Control System

Controlled Variable - This is the basic


process value being regulated by the system

Set point - This the predetermined desired


value for the controlled variable

INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL


CONCLUSION
Control is concept of understanding and controlling segments of their
environment, while Systems is to provide useful economic products for
society.

Goals of understanding and controlling are complementary because


effective
systems control requires the systems to be understood and modeled such
as traffic control systems, chemical processes, and robotic systems.

Thus the most characteristic quality of control engineering is the


opportunity to control
machines and industrial and economic processes for the benefit of society
by developing or creating something which is useful and making the live
everyday easier.

l
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC CONTROL

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy