ENG260 Introduction to linguistics

Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 1 Chapter 3: The sounds of language (Consonants)

Version 1
ANSWER KEY

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. We describe consonants in terms of _____________, ______________ & _________.

a. Voicing, roundedness, place of articulation.

b. Voicing, place of articulation, tongue position
c. Voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation.

2. When the vocal cords are ____________, the air from the lungs passes between them
unimpeded and the sound is then voiceless.

a. Closed/ drawn together

b. Open/ spread apart
c. Rounded

3. _______________ are sounds produced by almost blocking the airstream, and having
the air pushed through a narrow gap creating a type of friction.

a. Fricatives
b. Alveolars
c. Velars

4. /ʧ/ consonant sound as in the word cheese can be described as ________________ .

a. voiceless palatal affricate

b. voiced bilabial nasal
c. voiced palatal affricate

5. The _______ consonant sound is a voiced alveolar liquid sound formed with the tip of
the tongue raised and curled back near the alveolar ridge.

a. / n /
b. / r /
c. / j /

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341
Quiz 1 Chapter 3: The sounds of language (Consonants)
Version 2
ANSWER KEY

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. We describe consonants in terms of _____________, ______________ & _________.

a. Voicing, roundedness, place of articulation.

b. Voicing, place of articulation, tongue position
c. Voicing, place of articulation, manner of articulation.

2. When the vocal cords are ____________, the air strongly pushes its way out and the
sound is then voiced.

a. Closed/ drawn together

b. Open/ spread apart
c. Rounded

3. _______________ are sounds produced when the velum is lowered and the airstream
is allowed to flow through the nose.

a. Fricatives
b. Nasals
c. Velars

4. The /m/ consonant sound can be described as ________________ .

a. voiceless palatal affricate

b. voiced bilabial nasal
c. voiceless bilabial nasal

5. The _______ consonant sound is a voiced alveolar liquid sound, but it is formed by
letting the air flow around the sides of the tongue as the tip of the tongue touches near
the alveolar ridge.

a. / l /
b. / b /
c. / j /

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 2 Chapter 3: The sounds of language

(Vowels and Diphthongs)
Version 1

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. We describe vowels in terms of _____________, ______________ & _________.

a. Tongue height, tongue position, lip shape

b. Tongue height, lip shape, manner of articulation
c. Tongue height, lip shape, place of articulation

2. An example of the vowel sound [ʌ] is

a. Close
b. Cup
c. Crack

3. [u] vowel sound such as in the word “move” is a …..

a. High back rounded vowel

b. High front unrounded vowel
c. Low back rounded vowel

4. An example of the [oʊ] sound is the vowel sound in the word…

a. Ate
b. Climb
c. Close

5. The word joy can be transcribed as…..

a. /dʒɔɪ/
b. /jɔɪ/
c. /dʒɔː/

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 2 Chapter 3: The sounds of language

(Vowels and Diphthongs)
Version 2

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. We describe vowels in terms of _____________, ______________ & _________.

a. Tongue height, tongue position, lip shape

b. Tongue height, lip shape, manner of articulation
c. Tongue height, lip shape, place of articulation

2. An example of the vowel sound [æ] is

a. Close
b. Cup
c. Crack

3. [i] vowel sound such as in the word “heat” is a …..

a. High back rounded vowel

b. High front unrounded vowel
c. Low back rounded vowel

4. An example of the [aɪ] sound is the vowel sound in the word…

a. Ate
b. Climb
c. Close

5. The word brow can be transcribed as…..

a. /braʊ/
b. /brɔɪ/
c. /broʊ/

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 2 Chapter 3: The sounds of language

(Vowels and Diphthongs)
Version 3

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. An example of the vowel sound [ʊ] is

a. Free
b. Foot
c. Food

2. [i] vowel sound such as in the word “heat” is a …..

a. High back rounded vowel

b. High front unrounded vowel
c. Low back rounded vowel

3. An example of the [eɪ] sound is the vowel sound in the word…

a. Ate
b. Cow
c. Home

4. My can be transcribed as…..

a. /maʊ/
b. /meɪ/
c. /maɪ/

5. We describe vowels in terms of _____________, ______________ & _________.

a. Tongue height, tongue position, lip shape

b. Tongue height, lip shape, manner of articulation
c. Tongue height, lip shape, place of articulation

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 3 Chapter 4: The sounds of patters of language

(Phonology)
Version 1

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 4)
a. Syllables must contain a nucleus (i.e. a vowel or a vowel like consonant [w], [j]) and
must also contain an onset/ a coda. F A syllable can stand without an onset/ coda.

b. An example of an open syllable is (place, bag) F An example of an open syllable is

say, key, see, dry (any one syllable that does not end in a consonant sound)

c. An example of a closed syllable is (rug, ear) because they have a coda. T

d. /str/ as in strong is an example of a three consonant cluster. T

e. We do not pronounce the [d] sound when saying “you and me” [ju ənmi] in fast spoken
language. This is an example of elision. T

f. Changing allophones only results in different pronunciation. T

g. Phonotactics is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning. F

A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning.

h. In the phrase I can go [aɪkəŋgoʊ], the velar sound [g] makes the preceding nasal sound
come out as [ŋ] (velar nasal) rather than the alveolar nasal [n]. This is an example of
Nasalization. T
2. Choose the correct answer ( / 1)
a. According to the four golden rules, the only possible minimal set are:
a. Fly, hi, cry
b. Fly, bright, light,
c. Fry, cry, try

b. An example of a CCCV syllable is…

a. Splash
b. Spray
c. Score
d. Slash

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 3 Chapter 4: The sounds of patters of language

(Phonology)
Version 2

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 4)
a. Syllables must contain a nucleus (i.e. a vowel or a vowel like consonant [w], [j])
and must also contain an onset/ a coda. F A syllable can stand without an onset/
coda.

b. An example of an open syllable is (key, see) T

c. An example of a closed syllable is (rug, ear) because it consists of a coda. T

d. /sl/ as in slam is an example of a three consonant cluster. F /sl/ is a two

consonant cluster.

e. We do not pronounce the [d] sound when saying “you and me” [ju ənmi] in fast
spoken language. This is an example of elision. T

f. Changing allophones only results in different pronunciation and different

meaning. F , changing allophones result only in different pronunciation.

g. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning. T

h. In the phrase I can go [aɪkəŋgoʊ], the velar sound [g] makes the preceding nasal
sound come out as [ŋ] (velar nasal) rather than the alveolar nasal [n]. This is an
example of assimilation. F , the correct answer is: Nasalization

2. Choose the correct answer ( / 1)

a. According to the four golden rules, the only possible minimal set are:
a. Fly, die, cry
b. fan, van, plan,
c. tan, van, fan

b. An example of a CCVC syllable is…

a. Sprinkle
b. Spray
c. Score
d. Splash
Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 3 Chapter 4: The sounds of patters of language

(Phonology)
Version 3

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 4)
a. Syllables must contain a nucleus (i.e. a vowel or a vowel like consonant [w], [j])
but may not contain an onset/ a coda. T

b. An example of an closed syllable is (key, see). F These are examples of an open

syllable.

c. An example of an open syllable is (rug, ear) because they have a coda. F These
are examples of a closed syllable.

d. /spl/ as in slam is an example of a three consonant cluster. T

e. We do not pronounce the [d] sound when saying “you and me” [ju ənmi] in fast
spoken language. This is an example of elision. T

f. Changing phonemes result in different meaning, however, changing allophones

result in different pronunciation. T

g. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning. T

h. Phonotactics is the phonological knowledge of English will allow you to find

some combination of sounds as acceptable (e.g lig ,vig) and some as not (e.g .
fslg , nglsb). T

2. Choose the correct answer ( / 1)

a. According to the four golden rules, the only possible minimal set are:
a. pay, lay, may
b. fan, van, span,
c. tan, spam, plan

b. An example of a CCV syllable is…

a. Please
b. Pray
c. Plague
d. Plead
Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 1 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Name: ID:

Q1- State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( /10)

1. Humans can talk about things and places that might not exist, like tooth fairies and
superman. This is not possible with animal language. T

2. The velum is lowered when producing the [ƞ] sound in words like sing and tongue. T

3. An example of a minimal pair is fan and van. T

4. Acoustic phonetics is how speech sounds are heard or perceived by a hearer. F

5. We describe vowels in terms of tongue height, tongue position, and lip rounding. T

6. A vibration effect is created with voiceless consonants. F

7. [h] is a voiceless glottal fricative. T

8. We use the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge to produce the [t] sound in a
word like top. T

9. Compounding is the process of combining two words to produce one word, like the
word bookshelf. T

10. Café ‫ ﻛﺎﻓﯿﮫ‬is a word that the Arabic language has used from French to refer to coffee
shops. This is an example of borrowing. T

Q2- Please choose the correct answer ( /10 )

1. /drɪŋk/ is the transcription of the word…

a. drink b. drank c. drunk d. drinking

2. /ʃuː/ is the transcription of the word…

a. Shoot b. choose c. shoe d. she

3. The /ʒ/ consonant sound is in the word…

a. Please b. police c. pleasure d. punch

4. /θ/ is a …
a. Voiceless dental fricative c. voiced dental fricative
b. Voiceless alveolar fricative d. voiceless dental affricate

5. A word that has the /j/ sound as well as the diphthong vowel sound /u:/ is the word…
a. Jamaica b. jelly c. yell d. you

1
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 1 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Q3 – Use the words in the following table to fill in the blanks ( / 10 )

[eɪ] [oʊ] CCCVC clipping derivation open allophones

[ʌ] [aɪ] CCV assimilation compounding phonemes phonotactics

1. Changing allophones only result in different pronunciation of words.

2. Late is an example of a word with an [eɪ] diphthong vowel sound.

3. Grow is an example of a word with an [oʊ] diphthong vowel sound.

4. Splash is an example of a word with a CCCVC syllable.

5. Draw is an example of a word with a CCV syllable.

6. Mike and exam are examples of clipping in which a word of more than one syllable
is reduced to a shorter form.

7. The most common word formation process in English is derivation.

8. Cup is an example of a word with the [ʌ] vowel sound.

9. An example of assimilation is when the word /hæv/ is pronounced as [ hæftə ] in a

phrase like ‘I have to’.

10. We decide if a combination of sounds are possible or impossible in a language

according to phonotactics (the phonological knowledge of that language).

Best wishes

2
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 2 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Name: ID:

Q1- State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( /10)

1. Humans can talk about things and places that might not exist, like tooth fairies and
superman. This is also possible with animal language. F

2. The velum is lowered when producing the [tʃ] sound in words like cheese. F

3. An example of a minimal pair is fan and slam. F

4. We describe consonants in terms of tongue height, tongue position, and lip

rounding. F

5. Articulatory phonetics is how speech sounds are produced or made. T

6. A vibration effect is created with voiced consonants. T

7. [z] is a voiced alveolar fricative. T

8. We use the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge to produce the [t] sound in a
word like top. T

9. Derivation is the process of forming new words by adding affixes. T

10. Gâteau ‫ ﻗﺎﺗﻮ‬is a word that the Arabic language has used from French to refer to cakes
and pastries. This is an example of borrowing. T

Q2- Please choose the correct answer ( /10 )

1. /li:k/ is the transcription of the word…

a. lick b. like c. leak d. leakage

2. /suːt/ is the transcription of the word…

a. Shoot b. choose c. suit d. sit

3. The /ʒ/ consonant sound is in the word…

a. Please b. police c. pleasure d. punch

4. /θ/ is a …
a. Voiceless dental fricative c. voiced dental fricative
b. Voiceless alveolar fricative d. voiceless dental affricate

5. A word that has the /j/ sound as well as an [eɪ] diphthong sound is the word…
a. Jamaica b. jelly c. yell d. yale

1
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 2 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Q3 – Use the words in the following table to fill in the blanks ( / 10 )

[eɪ] [oʊ] CCCVC clipping derivation open allophones

[ʌ] [aɪ] CCV assimilation compounding phoneme phonotactics

1. Changing one phoneme for another will result in a word with a different meaning.

2. Love is an example of a word with an [ʌ]vowel sound.

3. May is an example of a word with an [eɪ] diphthong vowel sound.

4. Split is an example of a word with a CCCVC syllable.

5. Spa is an example of a word with a CCV syllable.

6. Liz in an example of clipping in which a word of more than one syllable is reduced to
a shorter form.

7. The most common word formation process in English is derivation.

8. Eye is an example of a word with an [aɪ] diphthong vowel sound.

9. An example of assimilation is when the word /hæv/ is pronounced as [ hæftə ] in a

phrase like ‘I have to’.

10. The combination of sounds like rxzvgj in the English language is not possible. We
know this according to our phonological knowledge of this language, or what is called
phonotactics.

Best wishes

2
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 3 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Name: ID:

Q1- State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( /10)

1. A Saudi child who has lived with American people since birth and who has never
spoken to his Arabic-speaking parents will still speak Arabic. F

2. The velum is lowered when producing the [ƞ] sound in words like sing and tongue. T

3. An example of a minimal pair is ban and plan. F

4. Auditory phonetics is how speech sounds are heard or perceived by a hearer. T

5. We describe vowels in terms of tongue height, tongue position, and lip rounding. T

6. A vibration effect is created with voiced consonants. T

7. [d] is a voiced alveolar stop. T

8. We use the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge to produce the [t] sound in a
word like top. T

9. A businessman called William Hoover founded the Hoover company making vacuum
cleaners. Now, "hoover" became synonymous with vacuums. This is an example of an
eponym. T

10. Brunch is an example of blending, a word formation process in which one word is
joined with the end of another word. T

Q2- Please choose the correct answer ( /10 )

1. /sɪt / is the transcription of the word…

a. sit b. seat c. set d. sat

2. The /j/ sound is in the word…

a. yellow b. hello c. us d. job

3. The /n/ consonant sound is a …

a. voiceless alveolar nasal c. voiced alveolar nasal
b. voiced velar fricative d. voiceless dental affricate

4. A word that has the /m/ sound as well as an /i:/ sound is the word…
a. me b. met c. mill d. mat

5. / loʊd/ is the transcription of the word…

a. lied b. load c. laid d. lid

1
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 27/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 3 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Q3 – Use the words in the following table to fill in the blanks ( / 10 )

[eɪ] [aʊ] CCCVC clipping derivation open allophones

[ʌ] [aɪ] CCV assimilation coinage closed phonotactics

1. he example of an open syllable.

2. Loud is an example of a word with an [aʊ] diphthong vowel sound.

3. Gate is an example of a word with an [eɪ] diphthong vowel sound.

4. Splash is an example of a word with a CCCVC syllable.

5. Tree is an example of a word with a CCV syllable.

6. Kleenex is an example of coinage in which a word is invented because of a trade

name.

7. The most common word formation process in English is derivation in which new
words are formed by adding affixes.

8. Sum is an example of a word with the [ʌ]vowel sound.

9. An example of assimilation is when the word /hæv/ is pronounced as [ hæftə ] in a

phrase like ‘I have to’.

10. The combination of sounds like ‫ ﺟﺤﺨﻌﻎ‬in the Arabic language is not possible. We
know this according to our phonological knowledge of this language, or what is called
phonotactics.

Best wishes

2
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 30/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 4 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Name in ARABIC: ID:

Q1- State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( /10)

1. The velum is lowered when producing the [t] sound in words like tom and tip. F

2. We use the front part of the tongue on the alveolar ridge to produce the [k] sound in a
word like kill. F

3. An example of a minimal pair is fan and van. T

4. Auditory phonetics is how speech sounds are heard or perceived by a hearer. T

5. We describe vowels in terms of tongue height, tongue position, and lip rounding. T

6. A vibration effect is created with voiced consonants. T

7. [d] is a voiced alveolar stop. T

8. A Saudi child who has lived with American people since birth and who has never
spoken to his Arabic-speaking parents will only speak English. T

9. A businessman called William Hoover founded the Hoover company making vacuum
cleaners. Now, "hoover" became synonymous with vacuums. This is an example of an
eponym. T

10. Brunch is an example of blending, a word formation process in which one word is
joined with the end of another word. T

Q2- Please choose the correct answer ( /10 )

1. /si:t / is the transcription of the word…

a. sit b. seat c. set d. sat

2. /ŋ/ sound is in the word…

a. yellow b. hello c. kin d. king

3. The /n/ consonant sound is a …

a. voiceless alveolar nasal c. voiced alveolar nasal
b. voiced velar fricative d. voiceless dental affricate

4. A word that has the /m/ sound as well as an /ʌ/ sound is the word…
a. me b. must c. mill d. mat

5. / laʊd/ is the transcription of the word…

a. lied b. loud c. laid d. lid

1
ENG260 Introduction to Linguistics 30/03/2021
Midterm – Class 341 - Version 4 Dr. Arwa Alsufyan

Q3 – Use the words in the following table to fill in the blanks ( / 10 )

[eɪ] [aʊ] [ð] clipping derivation open [dʒ]

[ə] [aɪ] CCVC assimilation coinage [θ] phonotactics

1. Key example of an open syllable.

2. An example the [ə] vowel sound is the first vowel sound in the word support.

3. Late is an example of a word with an [eɪ] diphthong vowel sound.

4. Spin is an example of a word with a CCVC syllable.

5. Kleenex is an example of coinage in which a word is invented because of a trade

name.

6. The most common word formation process in English is derivation, in which new
words are formed by adding affixes.

7. [θ] is a voiceless dental fricative.

8. An example the [dʒ] consonant sound is the first consonant sound in the word job.

9. An example of assimilation is when the word /hæv/ is pronounced as [ hæftə ] in a

phrase like ‘I have to’.

10. The combination of sounds like ‫ ﺟﺤﺨﻌﻎ‬in the Arabic language is not possible. We
know this according to our phonological knowledge of this language, or what is called
phonotactics.

Best wishes

2
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 4 Chapter 6 & 7: Morphology & Grammar

Version 1

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 3)

a. Inflectional morphemes may change the grammatical category of a word. F

b. Prefixes of bound derivational morphemes (such as re- in the word rewrite)

change the grammatical category of words. F

c. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is used by speakers

and writers. F

d. All affixes in English are bound morphemes. T

e. (You mustn't split an infinitive) is an example for a prescriptive rule. T

f. New lexical morphemes can easily be added to the language, so they are treated
as an open class of words T

2. Read the following sentence, and specify the types of morphemes forming the
underlined words: ( /2)

Surprisingly, you scored the highest mark in all courses.

a. ly (in “surprisingly”) b. You

• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

c. High d. est (in “highest”)

• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 4 Chapter 6 & 7: Morphology & Grammar

Version 2

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 3)

a. Inflectional morphemes may change the grammatical category of a word. F

b. Prefixes of bound derivational morphemes (such as re- in the word rewrite)

change the grammatical category of words. F

c. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as certain people think

it should be used. T

d. All affixes in English are bound morphemes. T

e. (You mustn't end a sentence with a preposition) is an example for a prescriptive

rule. T

f. New functional morphemes cannot easily be added to the language, so they are
treated as closed class of words. T

2. Read the following sentence, and specify the types of morphemes forming the
underlined words: ( /2)

Luckily, we were able to meet the chief executive officer (CEO) and his
consultants.

a. we b. meet
• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

c. er (in “officer”) d. -s (in “consultants”)

• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

Best wishes…
ENG260 Introduction to linguistics
Level 3 Class 341

Quiz 4 Chapter 6 & 7: Morphology & Grammar

Version 3

Name in ARABIC:

ID number:

1. State whether the following statements are TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) ( / 3)

a. Inflectional morphemes may change the grammatical category of a word. F

b. Prefixes of bound derivational morphemes (such as re- in the word rewrite)

change the grammatical category of words. F

c. Descriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it is used by speakers

and writers. T

d. All affixes in English are bound morphemes because they cannot stand alone as
one word. T

e. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as certain people think

it should be used. T

f. New functional morphemes cannot easily be added to the language, so they are
treated as closed class of words. T

2. Read the following sentence, and specify the types of morphemes forming the
underlined words: ( /2)

The teacher chose Sara’s paper as an example of a neatly written essay.

a. The b. paper
• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

c. ly (in “neatly”) d. -’s (in “Sara’s)

and -en (in written)
• Free lexical • Free lexical
• Free functional • Free functional
• Bound derivational • Bound derivational
• Bound inflectional • Bound inflectional

Best wishes…