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Chemistry Project

The document describes the preparation of potash alum (K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O) from aluminum scrap. It involves dissolving aluminum in hot potassium hydroxide solution to form potassium aluminate. This is then treated with sulfuric acid to precipitate aluminum hydroxide, which dissolves upon heating and forms a solution of potassium alum. The solution is concentrated and cooled to crystallize potash alum. The student obtained a 95% yield of potash alum through this procedure.

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Ayyappan Sudharshan
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125 views12 pages

Chemistry Project

The document describes the preparation of potash alum (K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O) from aluminum scrap. It involves dissolving aluminum in hot potassium hydroxide solution to form potassium aluminate. This is then treated with sulfuric acid to precipitate aluminum hydroxide, which dissolves upon heating and forms a solution of potassium alum. The solution is concentrated and cooled to crystallize potash alum. The student obtained a 95% yield of potash alum through this procedure.

Uploaded by

Ayyappan Sudharshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Preparation of Potash Alum

By

Ponnathavan.S
(RollNo : )

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to the

FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the project work

of

CLASS XII

in

BRANCH OF SCIENCE

KMC PUBLIC SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL ( CBSE )

Perumanallur, Tirupur

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, NEW DELHI – 2023

1
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION, NEW DELHI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this Project Report “Preparation of Potash Alum” is the


bonafide work of PONNATHAVAN.S( ) who carried out the project work
under my supervision. Certified further, that to the best of my knowledge
the work reported herein does not form part of any other project report or
dissertation on the basis of which a degree or award was conferred on
an earlier occasion on this or any other certificates.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
MR.SREE VISHAKH C M.Sc .,
B.Ed
PRINCIPAL
Dip. Flavour Chemistry
KMC Public Senior
PG TEACHER, Department of
Secondary School,
Chemistry, KMC Public Senior
Perumanallur – 641666
Secondary School, Perumanallur –

641666

Submitted for the project work and Viva – Voce examination held on ………….……………….

INTERNALEXAMINER EXTERNALEXAMINER

2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere thanks to Chairman Dr. K.C. Shanmugam, KMC


Public senior secondary school, for their motivation and support which
enabled me to do this project.

My sincere thanks to Correspondent Mr. C.S. Manoharan, for his


encouragement, support and motivation in all my endeavors.

I thank my Coordinator Mrs. Sharmila Elizabeth, Post Graduate Teacher,


Department of Science (Chemistry), KMC Public Senior Secondary School, for
the unstinted support throughout this project.

I thank my Guide Mr. SreeVisakh C, Post Graduate Teacher,


Department of Science (Chemistry), KMC Public Senior Secondary
School, who guided me with profound reference, high regards and keen
interest in guidance. His vision, enthusiasm and spirit will always stir /
inspire and enlighten me.

I would also like to thank all the teaching and non–teaching staff of
Science department who helped me directly or indirectly in the completion
of this project.

I thank my parents who encouraged me constantly and been a moral


support for me.
Finally I would like to thank CBSE for giving me this opportunity to
undertaken this project.

[PONNATHAVAN.S]

3
INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE. NO

1. AIM 5

2. INTRODUCTION 5

3. REQUIREMENTS 6

4. THEORY 7

5. PROCEDURE 8

6. OBSERVATION 11

7. BIBILOGRAPHY 12

4
PREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM
[Al2(SO4)3.K2SO4.24H2O]

AIM:
To prepare potash alum from aluminum scrap

INTRODUCTION:
Potash alum is a chemical compound widely used as the potassium sulfate
dodecahydrate. It is double salt that is used commonly in medicine and the
water treatment process. Potash alum is also known as potassium alum or
potassium aluminium sulfate. The chemical formula of potash alum is
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. It is also commonly referred to as ‘fitkari.’

ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SULFATE


IUPAC NAME DODECAHYDRATE
KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
CHEMICAL FORMULA
258.192 g/mol (anhydrous)
MOLAR MASS 474.37 g/mol (dodecahydrate)
1.725 g/cm3
DENSITY
92 to 95 °C (198 to 203 °F; 365 to 368 K)
MELTING POINT
200 °C (392 °F; 473 K)
BOILING POINT

Potash alum is an important member of alum which is one of the most


popular coagulants used in water treatment, especially in low-coloured
waters. It has numerous highly complex species,
including aluminium polymers in conditions that affect the product type
which further depends on different conditions such as dosage, pH and
hydroxide supplement rate and mixing. The versatility also means that alum
is very flexible and various coagulation mechanisms can be manipulated.

5
REQUIREMENTS:
Apparatus and chemicals

1. 250 mLBeakers
2. Funnel
3. GlassRod
4. Digital Chemical Balance
5. TestTubes
6. Conical Flask
7. Filter papers
8. Distilled water
9. China dish
10. Measuring flasks
11. Watch glasses
12. Bunsen Burner
13. Aluminum scrap
14. Conc.H2SO4 (Sulphuric acid)
15. KOH (potassium hydroxide) pellets

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THEORY:
Aluminum metal is treated with hot aqueous KOH solution. Aluminium
dissolves as potassium aluminate, 2KAl(OH)4, salt.

2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) +6H2O(l) 2KAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2

Potassium aluminate solution on treatment with dil. Sulphuric acid first gives
precipitate Al(OH)3, which dissolves on addition of small excess of H2SO4 and
heating.

2KOH(aq)+H2SO4(aq)  2Al(OH)3(aq) + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

2Al(OH)3(s)+3H2SO4(aq)  Al2(SO4)3(aq)+ 6H2O(l)

The resulting solution is concentrated to near saturation and cooled. On


cooling crystals of potash alum crystallize out.

K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) +24H2O(l)  K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O(s)

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PROCEDURE:
 Preparation of KOH(4M):

Take out a measuring flask and measure 50 ml of distilled water.


Weigh 11.2 grams of KOH pellets in a watch glass.
Transfer the pellets to a beaker and then pour the distilled water
into it.
Dissolve them thoroughly.
We have now prepared 4M aqueous potassium hydroxide.

 Preparation of conc.H2SO4(6M):

Take out a measuring flask and measure 50 ml of distilled water.


Use another measuring flask to carefully measure 16.6 ml of
conc.H2SO4.
Transfer the distilled water to a beaker and add the measured
sulphuric acid slowly as the reaction evolves lot of heat.
We have now prepared 6M conc.H2SO4.

 Preparation of potash alum[Al2(SO4)3.K2SO4.24H2O]:

Weigh exactly 1 gram of aluminum scrap.


Transfer the KOH solution into a conical flask.
Add the cut out pieces of aluminum scrap to the same conical
flask.
Carefully bring the conical flask with the reaction mixture to an
open space to safely get rid of the H2 gas evolved during the
process.
After the aluminum scrap completely dissolves, leave the solution
to cool to room temperature.
Filter out the solution into a beaker.
Using a Bunsen burner reduce the volume to half the original.
Allow the solution to cool.

8
Add the already prepared 6M conc.H2SO4 to the solution and you
will see white precipitates forming which is Al(OH)3.
Pour the solution into a crucible and boil it for about 20 mins.
After boiling, leave the solution to crystallize overnight.
The crystals formed are potash alum, move the crystals to a watch
glass and dry them.
After drying weigh them accurately using a Digital Chemical
Balance.

9
10
OBSERVATION:
Weight of Limiting reagent(Aluminum) taken = 0.50g
Weight of Potash Alum produced = 4.19g
Theoretical yield of Potash Alum = 4.39g
Percent yield = 95%

RESULTS:
Yield of Potash Alum prepared is 95%.
Full yield may not be achieved due to human errors and losses
in filtration and transfer processes.

11
BIBILOGRAPHY:

1. https://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/chm151L/alum.html
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_alum
3. https://youtu.be/GRDZoBk8lFI

12

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