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Project Report On Physics Ac

The document describes the construction and working of an AC generator. It consists of four main parts: a coil, magnetic field, slip rings, and brushes. As the coil rotates in a magnetic field, an induced EMF is produced across it based on electromagnetic induction. The direction of the induced current reverses each half rotation, producing an alternating current. The instantaneous EMF can be expressed as ε = ε0 sinωt, where ε0 is the maximum EMF value and ω is the angular speed of the coil.

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Ayyappan Sudharshan
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61 views2 pages

Project Report On Physics Ac

The document describes the construction and working of an AC generator. It consists of four main parts: a coil, magnetic field, slip rings, and brushes. As the coil rotates in a magnetic field, an induced EMF is produced across it based on electromagnetic induction. The direction of the induced current reverses each half rotation, producing an alternating current. The instantaneous EMF can be expressed as ε = ε0 sinωt, where ε0 is the maximum EMF value and ω is the angular speed of the coil.

Uploaded by

Ayyappan Sudharshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT REPORT ON PHYSICS A.C.

GENERATOR

PHYSICS PROJECT A.C. GENERATOR - INTRODUCTION


A.C. Generator is a device which is used to convert the mechanical energy in to electrical energy is
called electric generator.

Principle of A.C. Generator


It is based on the principle of electro magnetic induction. When a coil rotated about on axis
perpendicular to the direction of uniform magnetic field, an induced e.m.f. is produced across it.

Construction of A.C. Generator


The A.C. Generator is consist of four main parts :
(1)       THE COIL (ARMATURE) :
A rectangular coil ABCD consist of a large number of turns of copper bound over a soft iron core is
called armature. The soft iron core is used to increase the magnetic flux.
(2)       MAGNETIC FIELD :
It is usually a permanent sponge magnet having concave poles. The armature is rotated of a magnet so
that axis of the armature is perpendicular to magnetic field lines.
(3)       SLIP RINGS :
Slip rings are the magnetic rings which are connected in the terminal of the armature. These rings are
rotated with the coil and these are use to draw the current from the generator.
(4)       BRUSHES :
The brushes B1 & B2 are just touch the slip rings. They are not rotating with the coil and these brushes
leads to the output of load resistance.

Working of A.C. Generator


The coil is rotated in anti-clock wide direction. In the first half rotation the arm AB is moving outward
and CD is moving inward. So the e.m.f. is induced in the arm AB from A to B. And in the arm CD
from C to D. After half rotation (in the second half). The arm CD is moving outward and AB is
moving inward. In this time current is induced in arm CD from D to C. And in arm AB from B to A.
In the second half rotation the current direction is changing so in this generator AC is produced.

Expression for Instantaneous e.m.f. Produced :


Let position of the coil at any time t. It's make angle  an angle with vertical. If  is uniform angular
speed of the coil.

                        Then  = t
                        B be the strength of magnetic field n be the number of turns in the coil and A area of
the coil then magnetic flux with the coil in this position is given by :
                         =  nBA Cos  = nBA Cos t.
                        differentiate w.r.t. time.

                          = nBA (-Sin t) 

                            =  -nBA  Sin t

                         =     =  -(-nBA  Sin t)


                        maximum value of e.m.f. say 0  
                         =  0 Sin t.

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