A

Project Report
On

“Comparative Studies on
Soft Drinks”
(Like: Pepsi, Miranda, Lehar, 7up,
Slice, Mazza)
Session 2022-23

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr.G Venkateshwarlu Karan B.V
(Chemistry HOD) Class XII

School Name: Sri Chaitanya Techno School

 VERIFICATION

The Project entitled “Comparative

Studies on Soft Drinks like Pepsi,

Miranda, Lehar, 7up, Slice, Mazza” has

been completed under my supervision

by “Mr.G Venkateshwarlu” student of

12th Class, Session 2022-2023. This

work in the project is result of student

own efforts.

Mr. G Venkateshwarlu - HOD Chemistry

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express any

gratitude towards all those people who

helped me in various ways in

successful completion of the project. I

also thank our lecturers whose

cooperation made this project work

possible, I am also thankful to my

parents and friends as they too had a

hand in making this project a success.

 INDEX

• Intro

• Aim

• Apparatus

• Chemicals

• Soft Drinks Taken

• Procedure

• Observation

• Results

• Precautions

• Discussions

• Conclusions
 INTRODUCTION

In this dynamic third world, life is full of

struggle and tension. People seem to be running

from place to place in search of their destination.

For most of them who have to remain outdoor, for

long hours, nothing is as refreshing as a bottle of

chilled soft drinks. But no one really bothers to

know what he is drinking.

In this project I am representing a detailed

stud y of different drinks which are popular in

India. I have analyzed their color, flavor, Co2,

content etc. and tried to find out whether these soft

drinks contain sucrose, glucose or C2H5OH.

AIM
To Analyze the Composition of Various

Soft Drinks and to Assess their

suitability for drinking.

APPARATUS USED
• Few Test Tubes

• Test Tube Stand

• Stop Watch

• Test Tube Holder

• Wash Bottle

• Spirit Lamp

• Beakers

• Bottle Opener
 CHEMICALS

• Alpha – Naphtholl

• Ethyl Alcohol

• Conc. Sulphuric Acid

• Fehling’s Reagent

• Iodine

• Sodium Hydroxide

• Molisch – Reagent
 Soft Drinks
Taken

• Pepsi
• Miranda
• 7up
• Slice
• Maaza
 PROCEDURE
1. Name the bottles in the order of drinks taken.
2.
CO2 Test: Take the bottles as listed and open them
with a bottle opener. Now with the help of a stop
watch note down the time for which the
effervescence take place

3.
Colors: Note down the color of each drinks in a tabular
form.

4.
Flavors: Note down the flavor of each drinks by taking
a sip from each of the bottle of the soft drink.
 5. Sucrose test: Take a small quantity of each drink in
different test tubes. Prepare Molisch solution which
is prepared by dissolving Alpha- Naphthol. In alcohol
addition is not

Necessary as small amount of alcohol is present in soft

drinks as determined through Etherification Test. But to

guarantee the success of the 100% alcohol is mixed with

Alpha-Naphthol and this solution to soft drinks. Also add

Sulphuric acid to test tubes, appearance of Violet Color

indicates sucrose.
 Test for Glucose

1. FENLING’S SOLUTION TEST

This solution consists of two mixtures i.e. CuSO4+NH4OH

and sodium tartrate. Complex cupric are provided by fehling’s

solution to it. Warm these tubes in water bath. Formation of red ppt.

of cuprous oxide indicates the presence of glucose.

2. BENEDICT’S SOLUTION TEST

Taken a new set of tubes. Add small quantities of different

soft drinks to test tubes. Add small amount of benedict’s solution

to each of the test tubes. A reddish ppt is formed showing the

presence of glucose.

3. SCHIEF’S REAGENT TEST

Addition of equal amount of sciff’s reagent to test tubes

containing soft drinks gives lime color showing presence of

glucose.
4. TOLLEN’S TEST
It is made by addition of NH4OH to AgNO3 until the

brown ppt. of silver oxide. First formed is an oxide contains

silver ions as a complex with Ammonia (Ag(NH3)2). Add

Tollen’s Reagent in each test tube containing soft drinks. Keep

these test tubes in hot water for 5 minutes and then shake it. A

mirror like ppt. forms on the inner side of the test tube called

silver mirror shows the presence of aldehyde.

5. TEST FOR ALCOHOL

Take small quantities of soft drinks in test tubes and add

acetic acid (CH3COOH) to each of the test tube. Also add a

small quantity of Conc. H2SO4 warm it, a fruity smells

confirms the presence of ethanol.

NOTE: Iodoform test id not effective, as quantity of

C2H5OH is negligible in soft drinks. Moreover, other

constituents hinder the test.

 Observation table no. 1
(Time for which Gas Was Evolved)

S.No. Name of the Soft Time Taken

Drink

1. Pepsi 8 Seconds

2. Lehar 7UP 6 Seconds

3. Miranda 5 Seconds

4. Slice 3 Seconds

5. Maaza No Gas Evolved

Observation table no. 2

(Color and Flavor of different soft drinks)
 Sr. No. Name of the Soft Color Flavor
Drink
1. Pepsi Brown Alcoholic

2. Lehar7UP Lime Lemon

3. Miranda Orange Orange

4. Slice Mango Mango

5. Maaza Yellow Fruit

Juice
Observation table no. 3
(Sucrose Test by the addition of Alpha-
Naphthol)

S. Name of the Soft Colour Flavour

No. Drink
1. Pepsi Violet Present

2. Lehar7UP Violet Present

3. Miranda Violet Present

 4. Slice Violet Present

5. Maaza Violet Present

Observation table no. 4

(Glucose test by Fehling’s Solution)
RCHO +2CU + 5OH = RCOO + Cu O + 3H2O (Red Ppt.)
2
2

S. Name of the Soft Color Flavor

No. Drink
1. Pepsi Red Present

2. Lehar7UP Red Present

3. Miranda Red Present

4. Slice Red Present

5. Maaza Red Present

Observation table no. 5

(Ethanol Test by Esterification)
 S. Name of the Soft Color Flavor
No. Drink
1. Pepsi Violet Present

2. 7UP Violet Present

3. Miranda Violet Present

4. Slice Violet Present

5. Maaza Odorless Absent

Observation table no. 6

(Confirmatory Test for CO2)
(The gas evolved from each bottle was passed through
lime water.)
Experiment Observation Inference
1. The colorless and The lime water turns milky Confirms the presence of

odorless gas evolved CO2 + Ca(OH)2 gas evolved as CO2 this test

with brisk efferves- CaCO3+ H2O also confirms the presence

cence was passed of carbon-ate anions.

through lime water Presence of CO 2/3

2. Pss the gas through Co2/3 +MgSO4

solution of MgSO4 MgCO3 +SO2/4

(While ppt.)
 RESULTS

1. The CO2 contents under pressure was in order

Pepsi, Lehar7Up, Miranda, Slice.

There was carbon dioxide in Maaza.

2. Sucrose is present in all the drinks.

3. Glucose is also present in all the drinks in the order:

Slice, Miranda, Lehar 7Up, Pepsi

4. Ethanol is present in all the drink in the order of Pepsi,

Lehar 7UP, Miranda, Slice,

There was ethanol in Maaza.

 Precautions

1.
The test Tube should be numbered in this experiment.
2.
The test tubes should be thoroughly cleaned after each
experiment so that there is no contamination of the
chemicals.

3.

The bottle should not be shaken before opening. This

will result in effervescence for carbon dioxide evolution
for shorter interval.
4. Color and flavor should be noted carefully

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS

From the above experiment we conclude that all soft drinks

have certain amount of glucose, sucrose and ethy1 alcohol

besides some CO2 gas under pressure except the Fruit Juice.
 These drinks do not contain fruit juice but artificially flavored,

synthetic dies, flavors, preservations emulsifiers and antifoaming

agents are used for special efforts and effects. It is not possible to

detect all the contents of the drinks as it commercially secret and

because of limited equipment’s.

Excessive intake of soft drinks has been found to wholesome

nutritional feeds from the diet. According to Dr. Charles best

discoverer of Insulin, over indulgence no nutrition and diminish

the appetite foe nutritious feeds. This leads to liver damage and

may end up in serious consequences and cirrhosis

of liver.

There is enough evidence that Cola drinks contain caffeine in

varying enough amount to cause abdominal hyperactive

behaviors in children. The caffeine has been linked to addiction,

heart disease, behavior problems and birth effects.

So, Cola drinks are injurious to our Health.

 Bibliography

The various books consulted during the completion of the

project are:

1. Physical Chemistry

By Puri and Sharma

2. Practical Chemistry

By S.K. Kundra

3. Laboratory Manual Chemistry

 By B. Sharma

4. Compressive Chemistry

By Yadav, Khanna and Kapila Verma