CHEMISTRY

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

On

Analysis of Cold Drinks

Available in the Market

AISSCE – CBSE (2019-2020)

Project Prepared By:

Vasanth M, XII - B2
VVS - Bharathi Wing
 CONTENTS

 Aim
 Introduction
 Theory
 Apparatus
 Chemicals required
 Test for Glucose
 Test for Phosphate
 Test for Alcohol
 Result
 Conclusion
 AIM
Comparitive study and qualitative analysis of
different brands of cold drinks available in market.
 INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the indianization
of industry marked its beginning with launching of limca
and goldspot by parley group of companies. Since, the
beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring,
many multinational companies launched their brands in
India like pepsi and coke.

Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people

viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and
brain.

In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various

questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for
years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge impose
on these brands are true or not.

Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I

am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge
with other factors helped me to do so.
 THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle.

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is
Cx (H2O)Y.

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:-

Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a

monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in
the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also
present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one
of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many
plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which
contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 %
sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is
produced by a mixture of glucose and free dose. It is non-reducing
in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic
in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH
value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
 APPARATUS

 Test tube
 Test tube holder
 Test tube stand
 Stop watch
 Beaker
 Burner
 pH paper tripod stand
 China dish
 Wire gauge
 Water bath
CHEMICALS REQUIRED

Iodine solution
Potassium iodine
Sodium hydroxide
Fehling's A & B solution
Lime water
Concentrated HNO3
Benedict solution
Ammonium molybdate
 DETECTION OF PH
1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was taken and put on the
pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was
compared with the standard pH scale.

OBSERVATION
SERIAL
NAME OF DRINK COLORCHANGE PH VALUE
NO
1 COCA COLA PINK 1-2
2 SPRITE ORANGE 3
3 LIMCA PINKISH 3-
4 FANTA LIGHT DRINK 2-

INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and
phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of different brands are different due
to the variation in amount of acidic contents.
 TEST FOR CARBON
DIOXIDE
EXPERIMENT
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed
through lime water. The lime water turned milky.

OBSERVATON

SR. NAME OF THE TIME TAKEN

CONCLUSION
NO DRINK (SEC.)
1 COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT
2 SPRITE 21 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 LIMCA 35 CO2 IS PRESENT
4 FANTA 36 CO2 IS PRESENT

INFERENCE

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon
dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible
for its tangy taste.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2(g) -----------CaCO3 (s) + H2O(s)

 TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-

1. BENIDICTS'S SOLUTION TEST:-

A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Benedict's reagent were added. The test tube was heated for
few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirms the presence of glucose in
cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE DRINK OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO1 COCA COLA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE PRESENT
2 SPRITE REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE PRESENT
3 LIMCA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE PRESENT
4 FANTA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict's reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING'S SOLUTION TEST
A small sample of cold drink of different brands was taken in a test tube and
a few drops of Fehling's A solution and Fehling's B solution was added in
equal amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes.
Appearance of brown precipitate confirms the presence of glucose in cold
drinks.

OBSERVATON

SR. NAME OF THE

OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO DRINK
GLUCOSE
1 COCA COLA Reddish Brown Precipitate
PRESENT
GLUCOSE
2 SPRITE Reddish Brown Precipitate
PRESENT
GLUCOSE
3 LIMCA Reddish Brown Precipitate
PRESENT
GLUCOSE
4 FANTA Reddish Brown Precipitate
PRESENT

INFERENCE

All the samples give positive test for glucose with Fehling's solutions
(A&B).Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
 TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Sample of each brand of cold drink was taken in a separate test
tube and ammonium molybdate followed by concentrated nitric
acid (HNO3) was added to it, the solution was taken heated and the
color of the precipitate confirms the presence of phosphate ions.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO DRINK

CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
1 COCA COLA
PPT PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
2 SPRITE
PPT PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
3 LIMCA
PPT PRESENT
CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS
4 FANTA
PPT PRESENT

INFERENCE

All the soft drinks contain phosphate ions which are detected by the
presence of phosphate when canary yellow obtained.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

NaHPO4 + 12 (NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 +3H+-----------

(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3
+21HN4NO3 +12H2O
 TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in sample test tube
and iodine followed by potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) solution is added to each test tube. Then the test tube are
heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow colored precipitate
confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE
OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO DRINK
ALCOHOL IS
1 COCA COLA YELLOW PPT
PRESENT
ALCOHOL IS
2 SPRITE YELLOW PPT
PRESENT
ALCOHOL IS
3 LIMCA YELLOW PPT
PRESENT
ALCOHOL IS
4 FANTA YELLOW PPT
PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the Brands of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

CH3CH2OH +4I2+ 6NaOH------CHI3 + HCOONa +5NaI +5H2O
 TEST FOR SUCROSE
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks was taken in a
china dish and heated very strongly until changes occur.
Black colored residue left confirms the presence of sucrose
in cold drinks.

OBSERVATON
SR. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
NO DRINK
1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT

INFERENCE

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount

of sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contained
highest amount of sucrose.
 RESULT
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks namely

1. Coca cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol sucrose, phosphate, ions and

carbon dioxide. All are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH
value of different brands coca cola is most acidic and limca is
least acidic of all the four brands taken.

pH value of coca cola is nearly equal to disinfectant which is

harmful for body.

In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various

questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in
knowing its contents because I have been drinking them for
years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge impose on
these brands are true or not.

Another fact which inspired me to do this project is that I am

in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge with
other factors helped me to do so.

CARBON DIOXIDE
AMONG THE FOUR SAMPLES OF COLD DRINKS TAKEN -
SPRITE HAS MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED CARBON
DIOXIDE AND FANTA HAS MINIMUM AMOUNT OF
DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE.
 CONCLUSION
DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they
contain sugar in large amount which cause "diabetes".
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body's
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also
harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain "phosphoric acid" which has a pH of 2.8. So they
can dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use
the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful
to our body.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent 'detergent' to remove grease from
clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES

 www.googlearth.com
 www.cseindia.org
 www.icbse.com