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Fermentation Notes

This document discusses different types of fermentation processes. It explains that fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH when aerobic respiration cannot occur. Alcohol fermentation is a two-step process where pyruvate is converted to ethanol with the help of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle and red blood cells with low oxygen and involves lactate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate directly to lactic acid.

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Julia Dela Cruz
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28 views2 pages

Fermentation Notes

This document discusses different types of fermentation processes. It explains that fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH when aerobic respiration cannot occur. Alcohol fermentation is a two-step process where pyruvate is converted to ethanol with the help of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle and red blood cells with low oxygen and involves lactate dehydrogenase converting pyruvate directly to lactic acid.

Uploaded by

Julia Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

 Recall that in aerobic respiration, oxygen is


needed since it is the final electron acceptor

 if aerobic respiration does not occur, NADH


must be reoxidized to NAD+

 fermentation is a process where NAD+ is


regenerated from NADH

FERMENTATION
 is a biochemical process that takes place in
cytoplasm where chemical breakdown of ALCOHOL FERMENTATION
substances occurs by bacteria, fungi  pyruvate to ethanol is a two step process
(yeast) or other microorganism
 Pyruvate decarboxylase is an enzyme
 it produces ethanol, lactic acid, carbon involved on the first step, where is removes
dioxide and generates NAD+, depending on carboxyl group from pyruvate which then
what type of fermentation occur and the released as CO2
condition that initiate the process
 this will also produce a two-carbon
 in fermentation NADH drop its electrons off molecule called acetaldehyde
with an organic molecule (such as pyruvate,
the end product of glycolysis)  second step is where NADH pass its
electrons to acetaldehyde, regenerating
 this drop off allows glycolysis to keep NAD+ and forming ethanol
running by ensuring a steady supply of
NAD+  alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzed
the second step.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
 type of fermentation used routinely in
mammalian RBC and skeletal muscle that
has insufficient oxygen supply

 NADH transfers its electron directly to


pyruvate, generating lactate as one of
byproducts

 the enzyme used in this reaction is lactate


dehydrogenase (LDH)

 lactic acid produced in muscle cells is


transported to the liver, where it’s
converted back to pyruvate

 several products such as Kimchi, pickles,


fermented fish are produce via fermentation

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