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Week 8 Lecture

The document discusses Jose Rizal's annotation of Antonio de Morga's 1609 work "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" (Events in the Philippine Islands). Rizal published his own version of Morga's work in Paris in 1890 with annotations comparing Morga's descriptions of pre-Hispanic Filipino culture to Rizal's views. Rizal felt Morga provided a more objective account than religious chroniclers. His annotations aimed to prove Filipinos had their own culture before colonization and that Spanish rule demoralized and exploited the Philippines.

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Rito Kato
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59 views21 pages

Week 8 Lecture

The document discusses Jose Rizal's annotation of Antonio de Morga's 1609 work "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" (Events in the Philippine Islands). Rizal published his own version of Morga's work in Paris in 1890 with annotations comparing Morga's descriptions of pre-Hispanic Filipino culture to Rizal's views. Rizal felt Morga provided a more objective account than religious chroniclers. His annotations aimed to prove Filipinos had their own culture before colonization and that Spanish rule demoralized and exploited the Philippines.

Uploaded by

Rito Kato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Origins
Learning Objective:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
• Analyze the significance of Pacto de Sangre to
nationalism; and
• Compare and contras Rizal and Morga’s view of
Filipinos and Philippine culture.
The Pacto de Sangre in the Late
19th Century: Nationalist
Emplotment of Philippine History
Pacto de Sangre (Blood Compact)

● Philippine custom
● Intended to seal a friendship or treaty
● Done through mixing a blood taken from an incision
● Reconciliation
● To prevent betrayal
● Increase the solidarity of the bond
Sikatuna and Legaspi

● Hostile approach of the Boholanos (Sikatuna)


● Datu Sikatuna (Bohol) and Miguel de Legazpi made a blood compact to
offer peace
● Even under linguistic division
Blood Compact as a form of betrayal

● Under a blood compact between Legazpi and Sikatuna, the Spanish Miguel
de Legazpi still took the island of Bohol
Del Pilar: Assimilation and the Pacto de Sangre

● Gloominess about blood alliances


● Blood compact is a valid negotiation, hence Philippines must be assimilated
● It was Spain’s responsibility to assimilate Tagalogs
Luna: Ambivalence in El Pacto de Sangre

● Contradictory idea about the alliance because as ilustrados explained it was


an alliance between two “equally nations”
Floro Quibuyen
● Four-fifths of the canvass were Spaniards
● Sikatuna seemed tense, Legazpi was relaxed

Paul Zafaralla
● Sikatuna: good faith and honor
system
● Legazpi: bad faith and deceit
Bonifacio: The “Fall” in the Plot of Nationalistic History

GOLDEN
FALL DARK AGE
AGE
Sucesos de Las Islas
Filipinas by Antonio de
Morga: Rizal’s
Annotation
Antonio de Morga

● Author of “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”


● He was born on 1559 in Seville. Growing up he obtained a doctorate in
Canon Law and studied Civil Law.
● Joined the government service and was appointed to Manila as a lieutenant
governor in 1593.
Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas

● “Events in the Philippine Island”


● Published in Mexico 1609
● First formal history of Spanish conquest in the Philippines
● The book was a narration on the experiences of Antonio Morga on the
history of the Philippines.
Eight Chapters of Morga’s Work

● Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands.


● Of the government of Dr. Francisco de Sande
● Of the government of don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa
● Of the government of Dr. Santiago de Vera.
● Of the government of Gomes Perez Dasamariñas.
● Of the government of don Francisco Tello
● Of the government of don Pedro de Acuña
● An account of the Philippine Islands.
Eight Chapters of Morga’s Work

● The first seven chapters mainly concern the political events which occurred
in the colony.
● Chapter 8 contains descriptions of the pre-Hispanic Filipinos, or rather the
indios, at the Spanish contact.
Rizal’s annotation of Morga

● The annotation of Morga is simply the views and explanation or comments


of Dr. Jose Rizal about what Antonio de Morga wrote in his book.
● Rizal covered many things about the book from geography, art, weather &
climate, technology, customs & traditions, literature, materials, minerals &
other forms of resources, manner of dressing, language, food, weapons,
animals, beliefs & religion etc.
Rizal’s annotation of Morga

● Rizal published his version of the book himself in Paris with the Spanish
title:
“Sucesos de las islas Filipinas po el Doctor Antonio de Morga Obra publicada en mejico en
el año de 1609, nuevamente sacada a luz y anotada por Jose Rizal, y precedida de un
prologo del Prof. Fernando Blumentritt”
(Translation: Events in the Philippine Islands by Dr. Antonio de Morga. A work published in
Mexico in the year 1609, reprinted and annotated by Jose Rizal and preceded by an
introduction by Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt)
Rizal’s annotation of Morga

● An English translation of Rizal's Morga was commissioned and published by


the Jose Rizal National Centennial Commission in 1961.
● Although it had another translated edition by H.E.J. Stanley, Rizal’s Morga
didn’t contain any censorship of explicit context.
How did Rizal discover Morga’s work?

● Rizal is known to be a great historian


● Desire
● To prove his theory
Why did Rizal chose to annotate Morga’s work?

● The original book was very rare and is possible that there are some
unrecorded copies in private collections.
● Morga was a layman not a religious chronicler
● Rizal felt Morga to be more "objective" than the religious writers
whose accounts included many miracle stories
● Morga was not only an eyewitness but a major actor in the events
he narrates
Propositions in the Rizal’s Morga

● The Filipinos had a culture that they practice on their own, before the
Spaniards colonization.
● The people of the Philippines were demoralized, exploited and ruined
● The present state of the Philippines was not necessarily superior to its past

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