Wind Load On Cable Trays
Wind Load On Cable Trays
Wind Load
Capabilities & Recommendations
Introduction
Whenever designing for a hurricane prone zone, or in regions with potential wind force in
excess of 120 km/hr. (75 mph), Techline Mfg. recommends the impact of the wind force be
considered. Designers should understand that when designing for these conditions the impact
of potential wind forces should be considered independently from other total load calculations
(Calculations based on wiring, accessories, and ice or snow loads). Specifically, consideration
should be given to the necessary support structure to withstand the potential wind load.
To determine the appropriate support spans, in extreme wind conditions, Techline Mfg. has
conducted load testing based upon various wind load conditions. The results of these tests are
presented to assist engineers and designers in determining the appropriate span distances in
various wind conditions.
Background
The Snap Track system utilizes a ventilated bottom channel type tray. The tray is extruded from
6063 T 6 aluminum having longitudinal side members 50 mm (2 in) in depth that are integral
with a ventilated bottom, bottom widths are available in 50 mm (2 in), 100 mm (4”), and 150
mm (6 in).
Methodology
To determine wind load force the designer must first establish the area of the Snap Track tray.
To determine the total area the formula is:
Area Calculation:
Width X Length or distance of tray.
2 2
60 ft. of 6” tray = 4320 in = 30 ft.
Note: Unlike ladder tray where the largest exposed surface area is the side wall, the largest
surface area for Snap Track will be a 150mm (6 in) covered tray, in the vertical position.
With the area determined the wind force or impact pressure can be calculated as follows:
Wind Force Calculation
Formula Used: F = A* (Ce* Cq *Qs) Where:
F= Force
A= Area
Ce= Elevation Factor (0‐15’ used)
Cq= Unified Building Code Factor (1.3 Exposure area B)
Qs= Wind Speed factor
Note: The wind force calculation based on Uniform Building Code UBC Exposure Area B,
(Exposure B has terrain with buildings, forest or surface irregularities, covering at least 20 percent of
the ground level area extending 1 mile (1.61 km) or more from the site.)
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Example: The results for a 60 ft. run of 6” tray with a 75 mph wind would be:
RESULTS
FORMULA F = A * (Ce * Cq * Qs)
USED:
SQ FT: 30 sq. ft.
WIND 26.021 lbs. per sq. ft.
PRESSURE:
TOTAL FORCE: 780.62 lbs.
ELEMENTS: Ce = 1.39
Cq = 1.3
Qs = 14.4
To calculate the effects of a given wind force on Snap Track tray the force in lbs. / sq. ft. must
be converted to lbs. / linear ft.
To convert, lbs. / sq. ft. to lbs. / linear ft. the following formula is used:
P X W
WL =
Where:
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WL = Wind Load
P= Wind Pressure
W = Width
Using these calculations the following values are provided for 2”, 4”, and 6” tray to assist
designers in determining wind load effects on Snap Track tray.
Wind Resulting
Speed mph 6” Tray 4” Tray 2”
(Km/Hr.) Total Force Wind Pressure Lbs. / Ft. Lbs. / Ft. Lbs. / Ft.
75 (120) 48.16 lbs. 26.02 lbs./ Sq. Ft. 13.01 lbs./ Ft. 8.67 lbs./ft. 4.33 lbs. / Ft.
110 (177) 1,679.20 lbs. 55.97 lbs. / Sq. Ft. 27.98 lbs. / Ft. 18.65 lbs. / Ft. 9.32 lbs. / Ft.
129 (207) 2,309.39 lbs. 76.98 lbs. / Sq. Ft. 38.49 lbs. / Ft. 25.66 lbs. / Ft. 12.83 lbs. / Ft.
156 (251) 3,377.29 lbs. 112.57 lbs. / Sq. Ft. 56.28 lbs. / Ft. 37.52 lbs. /Ft. 18.76 lbs. / Ft.
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Ventilated Bottom Channel Trays not exceeding 150 mm (6 in) in width and 50 mm (2 in) in
depth currently Do NOT have standardized tray loading requirements measured by the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association’s (NEMA) VE‐1, section 4.8.3. Techline Mfg. deems
traditional load information as an important factor for engineers, designers and other end
users. Therefore, Techline Mfg. has tested and published load data using the guidelines and
standards set forth under IEC 61537.
IEC 61357 states that a safe working load is equal to the load applied when the deflection
amount equals the span divided by 100 i.e. a 10 foot span would be allowed 1.2 (in) 30.48
(mm). The values shown in the Snap Track load table where obtained using this standard and
the procedure listed in NEMA VE‐1 ‐2002 section 5.2.
Load Test Procedure
(Guidance provided by NEMA VE‐1 Section 5.2)
General
Cable tray specimens were subjected to various load amounts until the deflection values
reached the amounts allowed under IEC 61537 (Span distance divided by 100).
Test Specimen
An unspliced straight section of each size channel was tested (2”‐6”).
Type and Length of Span
The test specimens were placed as a single beam span, with free unrestrained ends. Side
restraints were not used. Span lengths were as shown in the Snap Track Load Table, with a
tolerance of +/‐ 1‐1/2” (38 mm).
Orientation of Specimen
Specimens were tested in the horizontal position. The total length of the specimen was not
more than specified span length + 20%. Any overhang was equally distributed beyond both
supports.
Supports
The end of each specimen was supported by 2 in (50 mm) schedule 40 pipe resting on 1 5/8”
strut and fastened to a rigid base.
Loading Material
Individual 1/8” (3 mm) thick steel strips were used as loading material. One inch (1”) wide strips
were used to test the 2” wide tray specimen. Two inch (2”) wide strips were used to test both
the 4” and 6” tray specimens. In all cases the strips were cut based on the span length tested.
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Load Application
Loading was uniformly distributed for the length and breadth of the specimen. Loading material
was placed to be not closer than ½ in (13 mm) nor further than 1 in (25 mm) from the side
walls. The loading material was arranged across the tray with a minimum of 3/8” (10 mm)
between stacks so that the loading material could not bridge transversely.
Measurements
Deflection amounts were measured with a Mitutoyo digital caliper, model CD67‐58”PM, last
calibrated 10/07/11.
Results
Span (feet)
Tray 6’ 8’ 10’ 12’ 14’ 16’ 18’
W H Load Deft Load Deft Load Deft Load Deft Load Deft Load Deft Load Deft
2” 2” 70.93 0.72 25.15 0.96 11.7 1.2 6.1 1.44 3.5 1.68 2.5 1.92 1.3 2.16
lbs./ft In. lbs./ft In. lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft in
4” 2” 67.12 0.63 31.4 0.96 13.7 1.2 7.3 1.44 4.2 1.68 3.4 1.92 2.5 2.16
lbs./ft In. lbs./ft In. lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft in
6” 2” 73.19 0.63 34.21 0.80 17.7 1.2 9.7 1.44 9.7 1.68 3.8 1.92 2.1 2.16
lbs/ft In. lbs/ft In. lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft In lb/ft in
Notes:
(1) *The Listed load did not the reach maximum allowed deflection under IEC 61357.
Additional flat bar could not be safely stacked due to height.
Informational Note:
Wind Resulting
Speed mph 6” Tray 4” Tray 2”
Total Force Wind Pressure Lbs. / Ft. Lbs. / Ft. Lbs. / Ft.
156 (251) 3,377.29 lbs. 112.57 lbs. / Sq. Ft. 56.28 lbs. / Ft. 37.52 lbs. /Ft. 18.76 lbs. / Ft.
200 (322) 5,551.10 lbs. 185.03 lbs. / Sq. Ft. 92.15 lbs. / Ft. 61.67 lbs. /Ft. 30.83 lbs. / Ft.
Support Fixture
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Six inch (6”) Tray Load – 439 Lbs.
6’ Span
0.63 inch deflection
Four inch (4”) Tray Load – 402.72 Lbs.
6’ Span
0.63 inch deflection
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Two Inch (2)” Tray – 425.58 Lbs.
6’ Span
0.72 in. deflection
When supported appropriately (6’‐8’ spans), all Snap Track ventilated bottom channel tray(s)
have shown the capability to withstand wind conditions as defined as a Saffir – Simpson
Category 4 (wind velocities up to 156 Mph (251 Km/hr.), while still providing safe load
deflections as defined under IEC 61357.
Snap Track trays in 2” (50mm) and 4” (100mm) width, when supported on a six foot span (6’)
showed the capability to withstand Saffir‐Simpson Category 5 wind velocities up to 200 Mph
(322 km/hr.), while still providing safe load deflections as defined under IEC 61357.
Physical and safety practices prevented load amounts above those listed in the Snap Track Load
Data Table from being added to each size tray. Consequently, destructive test loads, nor further
deflection testing, based upon additional load could be obtained. It should be noted that
allowable deflection rates, as defined under IEC61537, were not able to be reached when
maximum loads were applied to the Snap Track 6” (150mm) tray on 8’ or 6’ span distances.
Maximum allowable deflection loads for 4” (100 mm) tray on a 6’ span were also not able to be
achieved, but exceeded the required load in lbs. /ft. to meet the 200 mph force calculation.
Additionally, one might extrapolate from the 6” tray on a 6’ support span results, carrying
79.4% of the required load with only deflected 52.5% of the allowable deflection, could also
withstand the force of 200 mph wind.
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To determine destructive loads or the maximum allowable deflection loads allowed under
IEC61537 additional hydraulic testing (outside the guidelines of NEMA VE‐1) would be required.
At this time Techline Mfg. does not feel such testing is prudent or necessary.
Splice or Fitting Considerations
Traditional cable tray systems generally utilize splices or fittings which are attached to the side
wall with fasteners (ladder tray) or on the bottom of the tray with a splice plate (channel trays).
In some instances these connections become the weak link and are often the cause of failure in
extreme load conditions. For these reasons the strength of the connections is often considered
when designing cable trays for extreme wind load conditions.
All Snap Track fittings and splices utilize an innovative inward “C” design that holds the tray
captive. Tray sections are inserted to a minimum depth of 6”, movement of the tray is then
prevented by a patented push pin. Unlike other traditional bolted systems this innovative
design, when supported per NEMA VE‐2, maintains the strength of the tray throughout the
system. Consequently, considerations of splice or fitting strength are not necessary with the
Snap Track system.
Snap Track Splice Load Bearing Results
Comparison of Supported and Unsupported Fittings
Maximum Deflection per IEC61537 on a 10’ unsupported Span ‐1.20”
Maximum Allowable Load – 1.20” Deflection
Lbs. / Ft. Total Weight Applied
Straight Section 13.7 lbs. / ft. 137 lbs.
Channel
Straight Section 6.5 lbs. / ft. 65 lbs.
Channel w/ Splice
Unsupported
Straight Section 13.7 lbs. / ft. 137 lbs.
Channel w/ Splice
Single Center Support
Straight Section 13.7 lbs. / ft. 137 lbs.
Channel w/ Splice
Supported 2’ from
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each end
Support Recommendations
Techline Mfg. recommends considering wind loading effects ONLY when designing support
systems in hurricane prone zones or in regions with potential wind force in excess of 75 mph
(120 km/hr.) When designing for hurricane prone zones Techline recommends the following
maximum support spans regardless of tray widths or orientation.
Saffir‐ Simpson Scale Wind Speed Maximum Support Spans
Category
1 74‐95 mph 10 ft.
2 96‐110 mph 8 ft.
3 111‐129 mph 6 ft.
4 130‐156 mph 6 ft.
All splices and or fittings should be supported per the Snap Track installation manual or per
NEMA VE‐2 2006. Additional support bracing is recommended when designing for wind
conditions in excess of 110 mph (161 km/hr.). High tensile strength ½” NPT (15mm) stainless
steel bolts should be used when designing for extreme wind conditions.
Informational Note: The Saffir‐Simpson scale does not limit the upper wind speed for a
Category 5 hurricane. Consequently Techline Mfg. cannot make recommendations for Saffir‐
Simpson scale Category 5 hurricanes.
Other Considerations
When covers are installed on Snap Track tray outdoors another wind factor to consider is the
aerodynamic effect which can produce a lift strong enough to separate the cover from the tray.
Similar to an airplane wing the wind moving across a covered tray creates a positive pressure
inside the tray and a negative pressure above the cover.
All Snap Track covers are designed to be secured with strapping or clamps. The type and
number of straps or clamps is dependent of the design wind load.
Nominal Wind Loads =/ < 50 MPH
For nominal wind conditions Techline Mfg. recommends the use of Snap Track Re‐usable
Band‐It Straps as outlined.
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Quantity of Band‐It Straps
Straight Sections 3.0 m (10 ft.) 3 pieces
Horizontal / Vertical Bends 3 pieces
Tees 4 pieces
Crosses 5 pieces
Medium Wind Loads =/< 100 MPH
For medium wind conditions Techline Mfg. recommends the use of Snap Track heavy duty
clamps as outlined.
Quantity of Heavy Duty Clamps
Straight Sections 3.0 m (10 ft.) 5 pieces
Horizontal / Vertical Bends 4 pieces
Tees 4 pieces
Crosses 4 pieces
Note‐ Contact Techline Mfg. for specific recommendations when designing for extreme wind
conditions.
Conclusion
When supported per Techline Mfg. recommendations the Snap Track cable tray system is
capable of withstanding Saffir‐Simpson Category 4 ‐ 156 mph (251 km/hr.) wind velocities with
deflection rates equal to or less than the allowable deflection rates under IEC61537.
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