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H3PO4 Reactions X PH

The pH of 0.05M phosphoric acid is calculated to be approximately 1.82. Phosphoric acid dissociates in three steps, each with its own acid dissociation constant (Ka). The first dissociation produces H2PO4- and H+, and using the Ka1 value, the concentrations of H+ and H2PO4- are calculated to be 0.015M. From this, the pH is determined to be 1.82.

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82 views3 pages

H3PO4 Reactions X PH

The pH of 0.05M phosphoric acid is calculated to be approximately 1.82. Phosphoric acid dissociates in three steps, each with its own acid dissociation constant (Ka). The first dissociation produces H2PO4- and H+, and using the Ka1 value, the concentrations of H+ and H2PO4- are calculated to be 0.015M. From this, the pH is determined to be 1.82.

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Antonio
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© © All Rights Reserved
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What is the pH value of 0.05M of phosphoric acid?

Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, has three protons it can donate.

Meaning there will be three different Ka values for each dissociation.

Again higher Ka, stronger acid.

H3PO4 -> (H+) + (H2PO4)- ; Ka1 = 7.5*10^-3

(H2PO4) -> (H+) + (HPO4)2- ; Ka2 = 6.2*10^-8

(HPO4)2 -> (H+) + (PO4)3- ; Ka3 = 2.14*10^-13

Ka1 = [H+][H2PO4]/[H3PO4] = x^2/(0.05-x); (Eq 1)

Neglecting the x in the denominator you get:

(7.1*10^-3)(0.05) = x^2

x = [(7.1*10^-3)(0.05)]^(1/2)

x = 0.019 M

From Eq 1, you can see:

[H3PO4] = 0.05-x = 0.05–0.019 = 0.031 M

[H+] = [H2PO4]- = x = 0.019 M

p[H+] = -log(0.019) = 1.72.

Using method of successive approximations seems easier to find closer x value:

x^2/(0.031) = 7.1*10^-3

x = [(7.1*10^-3)(0.031)]^(1/2)

x = 0.015 M

[H3PO4] = 0.05-x = 0.05–0.015 = 0.035 M

[H+] = [H2PO4]- = x = 0.015 M

p[H+] = -log(0.015) = 1.82.

If you want to get even more accurate you can use Ka2 to determine how much more
[H+] gets into solution.
Ka2 = [H+][HPO4]2-/[H2PO4]- ; (Eq 2)

If [H+] = [H2PO4]- = 0.015 M initially

then [HPO4]2- = 6.3*10^-8 at equilibrium

meaning [H+] is actually 0.015 M + (6.3*10^-8) M at second dissociation.

Almost no significant change to pH if using appropriate sig figs.

The anion after the first dissociation, H2PO4–, is the dihydrogen phosphate anion.
The anion after the second dissociation, HPO42–, is the hydrogen phosphate anion.
The anion after the third dissociation, PO43–, is the phosphate or orthophosphate
anion.
For each of the dissociation reactions shown above, there is a separate acid
dissociation
constant, called Ka1, Ka2, and Ka3 given at 25°C.
Associated with these three dissociation constants are corresponding pKa1=2.12 ,
pKa2=7.21 ,
and pKa3=12.67 values at 25°C.
Even though all three hydrogen (H ) atoms are equivalent on an orthophosphoric acid
molecule,
the successive Ka values differ since it is energetically less favorable to lose
another H+
if one (or more) has already been lost and the molecule/ion is more negatively-
charged.

pH and composition of a phosphoric acid solution

For a given total acid concentration [A] = [H3PO4] + [H2PO4−] + [HPO42−] + [PO43−]
([A] is the total
number of moles of pure H3PO4 which have been used to prepare 1 liter of
solution) , the composition
of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid can be calculated using the equilibrium
equations associated
with the three reactions described above together with the [H+][0H−] = 10−14
relation and the electrical neutrality equation.
The system may be reduced to a fifth degree equation for [H+] which can be solved
numerically, yielding:

[A] (mol/L) pH [H3PO4]/[A] (%) [HPO42−]/[A] (%) [H2PO4−]/[A] (%)


[PO43−]/[A] (%)
1 1.08 91.7 8.29 6.20×10−6 1.60×10−17
10^−1 1.62 76.1 23.9 6.20×10−5 5.55×10−16
10^−2 2.25 43.1 56.9 6.20×10−4 2.33×10−14
10^−3 3.05 10.6 89.3 6.20×10−3 1.48×10−12
10^−4 4.01 1.30 98.6 6.19×10−2 1.34×10−10
10^−5 5.00 0.133 99.3 0.612 1.30×10−8
10^−6 5.97 1.34×10−2 94.5 5.50 1.11×10−6
10^−7 6.74 1.80×10−3 74.5 25.5 3.02×10−5
10^−10 7.00 8.24×10−4 61.7 38.3
8.18×10−5

For large acid concentrations, the solution is mainly composed of H3PO4. For [A] =
10−2, the pH is closed to pKa1,
giving an equimolar mixture of H3PO4 and H2PO4−. For [A] below 10−3, the solution
is mainly composed of
H2PO4− with [HPO42−] becoming non negligible for very dilute solutions. [PO43−] is
always negligible.

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