Mathematics

Second Quarter – Module

11Basic Terms in Algebra
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter – Module 11: Basic Terms in Algebra
First Edition, 2020
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7
Mathematics
Second Quarter – Module
11Basic Terms in Algebra

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 Introductory Message

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Basic Terms in Algebra!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module is designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be able to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 1

What I Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 2
What’s In - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 4

Lesson 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 5
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 5
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 7
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 9

Lesson 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 10
What’s New - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 10
What is It - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 12
What’s More - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 16
What I Have Learned - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 17
What I Can Do - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 18
Assessment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 19
Additional Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 20
Answer Key - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 21
References - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - 23
 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written for you. It is here to help you
master the basic terms in algebra. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. Lessons are arranged in the standard
sequence of the course, but the order may be different from the textbook that
you are using.

After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate and
differentiate related terms in algebra:

a. a nwhere n is positive integer

b. constants and variables
c. literal coefficients and numerical coefficients
d. algebraic expressions, terms and polynomials
e. number of terms, degree of the term and degree of the polynomial

Specifically, you will:

a. define related terms in algebra

b. illustrate related terms in algebra
c. differentiate related terms in algebra
 What I Know

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the answer on
your answer sheet.
1. How many term/s do/does a monomial have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
2. How many terms does the expression 2 x2 + 4 x−2 have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
3. Which of the following is a polynomial that has two terms?
A. Binomial C. Trinomial
B. Monomial D. Multinomial
4. In the expression 2 x2 + 4 x−2 what is its degree?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
For numbers 5 – 7, refer to the expression given below

( 3 ab )4

5. Which is the exponent?

A. 3 B. 4 C. a D. b
6. Which are variables?
A. 3 and 4 B. a only C. b only D. a and b
7. Which is the numerical coefficient?
A. 3 B. 4 C. a D. b
8. Which of the following is similar to – m4 n3 ?
A. −m3 n4 B. n 4 C. −2 m4 D. m 4 n3
9. What is the exponential form of s ∙ s ∙ t ∙ s ∙ t ∙ t ∙ s ∙ s ∙ s ∙ s ?
A. ( 7 s ) (3 t) C. ( s t )10
B. s7 t 3 D. ( s t )10
10. Which of the following represents an unknown numerical value?
A. Constant C. Terms
B. Exponent D. Variable
 Basic Terms in Algebra

Do you know that mathematical concepts, rules, and properties of

numbers will not be easy to understand without the knowledge of the basic
terms in Algebra? The reason why algebra makes use of these terms is that
verbal phrases or sentences can be translated into mathematical phrases or
sentences, and vice versa. These are also fundamentals in forming
generalizations needed to solve certain problems.

Now, let’s have a short review to prepare

you for our new lesson.

What’s In

Activity 1: Complete Me!

Let’s Find Out: Steps in Solving Word Problems
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Complete George Polya’s steps. Write the answer on
your answer sheet.
The first one is done for you.
Steps Answer Here
1. Understanding the problem. A. What is asked?
B. What are the given values?
2. Devise a Plan. C.
3. Carry out the Plan. D.
4. Look Back. E

Lesson Constants, Variables and Algebraic

 1 Expressions

What’s New

Activity 2: Hunt Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Basic Terms in Algebra
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Inside the key is a list of words which are commonly
called “The Language of Algebra”. Find these words in the puzzle below to
open the treasure chest. Write the words on your answer sheet. The first is
done for you. Let’s begin…

Once upon a time, a pirate realized that he has too much

treasure and decided to give some away. You will be given one chest.
However, the treasure chests he gave were locked.
The pirate was obsessed with Algebra, so he put special lock
which could only be opened with special passwords.
The pirate has provided you with a puzzle. You have to look for
the words listed in the puzzle. Once you will find the words, present it
to the pirate and you can immediately receive your treasure!

VA R I A B L E
C_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
A________ E__________
E_______
C_ _ _ _ _ _ _
T____

C G H J K L O I U Y T D F G H E R F G H
J K C V B N M K J H G F D S A S D Q W E
 R T Y Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L A S D
F F G H J J K L Z X C V B N M A S D F G
H H J K L Q W E R C T Y U I O O P A S D
V C V B A S D F G O Q W E R T Y U C C V
A L G E B R A I C E X P R E S S I O N S
R Q W E R T Y U U F T Y U I O P S N F G
I G H J K L Q W E F R T Y U I O P S A S
A D F G H J K L A I A S D F G H J T J K
B Q W E R T Y U I C A S D F G H J A C V
L X C V B N M A S I S D F G H J K N Z X
E Q W E R T Y U I E X P O N E N T T U I
R T Y U I O O P Q N A S D F G H J K L A
A S D F G H J K L T E R M S W E R T Y U
Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L Z
Z X C V B N M A S D F G H J K L P O I U
A S D F G H J K L Q W E R T Y U I O P Z
Z X C V B N M Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D
F G H J K L Z X C V B N M Q W E R T Y U

What Is It

The branch of Mathematics that involves expressions with variables is

called Algebra. The result of combining numbers and variables with ordinary
operations of arithmetic is called an algebraic expression or simply an
expression.
The following are important terms to remember.
The Language in Algebra
Terms Definition
Algebraic is a group of terms separated by the plus ( + ) or minus ( - )
Expression sign.
Constant is a term or number with exact values.
Variable is any letter in the alphabet representing an unknown value,
sometimes called a literal coefficient.
Exponent tells how many times the base is used as a factor.
Term is a constant or a variable or constants and variables
multiplied together. The number part of each term is called
the numerical coefficient while the variable or variables
is/are called the literal coefficient/s. For the term 2yz, the
numerical coefficient is 2 and the literal coefficients are
yz.

Activity 3: Fill My Emptiness!

Let’s Find Out: The Missing Terms
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Below are arithmetic statements with missing terms.
Find the missing terms to complete it. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
Number one is done for you.

1. 5 + 0 = 5 4. 1 + = 5

2. + 1 = 5 5. + 6 = 5

3. + 3 = 5

The expressions have missing terms. These terms are represented by

a blank______, a circle , a rectangle , or simply x and y.
For example

+ =5
x + y = 5
In the last expression, x and y may take values from the set of integers
that make the statement true.
There is an infinite number of values that can take the places of x and
y. These letters are called variables and the number 5, which remains
unchanged, is called constant.
Consider the expression
2
4 x +3 y +2.
The numbers 4, 3 and 2 are constants.
The letters x and y are variables. These variables may represent
elements of the set of real numbers.
The term 4 x2 means 4 times x and times x. It can also be written as
4 ∙ x ∙ x , (4)(x)(x ), or ( 4 ) ( x 2) . The dots (∙) and parentheses ( ) separate
constants and variables and also serve as multiplication signs.
The expression 2 ∙2 ∙ 2∙ 2 can be written as 24 .

base 24 exponent
 Similarly, x ∙ x ∙ x can be written as x 3. The variables x is the base and the
number 3 is the exponent. The exponent tells how many times the base is used as
a factor.

An exponent of 1 can be omitted in a term such as in 2 y , xy∧−8 x which

mean 2 y 1 , x 1 y 1 ,∧−8 x 1 ,respectively.

The terms 4 2 ,23 ,∧x 4 are called powers.

Examples

Expressions It can be read as follows:

42 Four to the second power or four squared

2
3
Two to the third power or 2 cubed

x4 X to the fourth power or x to the fourth

What’s More

Activity 4: Count Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Number of Terms in the Expression
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Count and give the number of terms in each algebraic
expression. Write the answer on your answer sheet.
Number one is done for you.
1.) 2 x2 +3 x−1 ___3__
2.) x +1 ______
3.) 3 ab−4 bc+ a−abc ______
4.) 3 a _______
5.) 3 a2 b−4 b3 c2 +2 a−2 bc+3 abc _______
 Lesson
Classifying Algebraic Expressions
2

An Algebraic expression can be classified according to the number of

terms. This classification is considered a special kind of algebraic expression
which is called Polynomial.

What’s New

Activity 5: Model Me!

Let’s Find Out: Model the Algebraic Expressions Using the Algebra Tiles
Let’s Use This Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Use the algebra tiles to model algebraic expressions below.
2. Draw your model on your answer sheet.

Let
+ Represent (1) + Represent (x)

−¿ Represent (-1) −¿ Represent (-x)

+ Represent ( x 2)

−¿ Represent (−x 2)

I will do it first and the remaining numbers will be yours.

 Here is how Use the tile + which
to model 3x. represents (x).

Now,
+

+
+

Use the tiles below:

Here is how to
model 2 x2 +5 x +1.
+ Represent ( x 2)

+ Represent (x)

+ Represent (1)

So, we need to use

+ 2 tiles of

5 tiles of +

1 tiles of +

Therefore, 2 x2 +5 x +1 can be
modelled as
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+

It’s your turn!

1. 2 x2 +5 x +1
2. 2 x2 −3 x +1
3. 4 x2 + 4 x+ 2
 What Is It

There are special kinds of algebraic expressions called Polynomials. A

Polynomial is an algebraic expression where each term is a constant, a
variable or a product of a constant and variable. The variable has a whole
number (non-negative number) exponent. A polynomial also can be a
monomial, binomial, trinomial or a multinomial.

Remember:

An algebraic expression is NOT a polynomial if

1. the exponent of the variable is NOT a whole number
{0, 1, 2, 3..}.
2. the variable is inside the radical sign.
3. the variable is in the denominator.

Examples:

2
Polynomials 7x It satisfies the conditions.
7x
−2
The exponent is negative.
7 There is a variable in the
Not Polynomials x denominator.

√ x2 The variable is inside the

radical sign.

Now, we will classify an algebraic expression according to the number

of its terms.

Examples:
 Expressions 1st term 2nd term 3rd Reasons
term

Monomial
2
−5 a b c
3
−5 a b c
2 3
These are called
monomials because
2 x2 2 x2 there is only one term in
each of the algebraic
expressions.
Binomial

−x 2 y + x y 2 −x 2 y x y2 These are called

binomials because the
x +2 y x 2y algebraic expressions
are made up of two
terms.
Trinomial
2
−a −4 ab+2 b
2
−a
2
−4 ab +2 b
2
These are called
trinomials because the
2
x + 2 x−3 x
2
2x −3 algebraic expressions
contain three terms.

Algebraic expressions composed of two or more terms are called

multinomials.

SUMMARY
Kinds of Polynomial according to the number of terms
Monomial polynomial with only one term
Binomial polynomial with two terms
Trinomial polynomial with three terms
Multinomial polynomial with four or more terms

Degree of Polynomials

If the polynomial is in standard form, the first term is called the

Leading Term. The numerical coefficient of the leading term is called the Leading

Coefficient.
 The degree of a polynomial in a single variable is the highest exponent of
the variable among the terms. For polynomials with more than one variable, the
degree of the polynomials is the highest sum of the exponents of the variables
among the terms.

Examples

1. y 2−2 y +1

The degree of the term is 2.

The degree of term is 1.

The degree of the term is 0.

Since the highest exponent of the polynomial y 2−2 y +1 is 2, the degree

of the polynomial is 2. You can also say that it is a second degree
trinomial.
2. 11d
The variable d has exponent 1. Thus, the degree of the polynomial 11d
is 1. You can also say that it is a first-degree monomial.
3. –pqr
Each variable has an exponent of 1 (− p1 q1 r 1) and the sum of their
exponents is 3. Therefore, the degree of the polynomial is 3. You can
also say that it is a third-degree monomial.
4. a 4−4 a 3 b+ 6 a2 b2−4 a b 3+ b4
The sum of the exponents of each term is 4. Therefore, the degree of
the polynomial is 4. You can also say that it is a fourth-degree
polynomial.
5. −uv +10−u 5 v 4 +u 4 v 5
The highest sum of the exponents among the terms is 9. Therefore, the
degree of the polynomial is 9. You can also say that it is a ninth-degree
polynomial.

Kinds of Polynomial according to its degree

Constant a polynomial of degree zero 3

 Linear a polynomial of degree one x +3

Quadratic a polynomial of degree two 2

x −x +3

Cubic a polynomial of degree three 2 x3 −4 x 2 +3

Quartic a polynomial of degree four 4

x −3 x +3

Quintic a polynomial of degree five 2 x5 −4 x 4 −2 x3 + 4

Consider the trinomial 8 x− y +32. The three terms of the trinomial are
8x, -y and 32. In 8x, 8 is the numerical coefficient of x, and x is the literal
coefficient of 8. In the term –y the numerical coefficient is -1.A numerical
coefficient of 1 can be omitted in a term since the term –y means -1y.

Terms with the same literal coefficients of the same degree are called
similar terms, while the terms that have different literal coefficients and
degree are called dissimilar terms.

Note:

In determining similar and dissimilar terms, the numerical coefficient does not
matter.

Examples:

Similar Terms 2ab, 6ab, and –ab

Dissimilar Terms 2a, 3ab and -5b

Remember

In writing polynomial, the easiest way is to write the terms in

decreasing order of degrees. We then say that the polynomial is
written in descending order. When a polynomial is written with
descending order of exponents. The coefficient of the first term is
called the leading coefficient.
 What’s More

Activity 6: Check It Out!

Let’s Find Out: Polynomials According to the Number of Terms
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Copy and complete the table below. Write the answer on
your answer sheet. Number one is done for you.
Expressions

Degree of a
Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial
Coefficient
Monomial

Trinomial
Binomial

Leading
Not a

1. x 2+ xy+ y 3   1 3

12
2. 2
x
3. 12 a2 b3 c 3 d 4
2
x
4.
2
5. x 2+ xy+ y 3

What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Fill Me Now!

Let’s Find Out: The Basic Terms in Algebra
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Fill in the blanks with the correct terms from the word
pool. Write the answer on your answer sheet. The first one is done for you.

Monomial Literal Coefficient Numerical Coefficient

Variable Algebraic Expressions
Terms Polynomials Constants
Exponents Base
 1. Any letter in the alphabet representing an unknown value is called
variable. It is also known as literal coefficient.
2. Numbers that have fixed values refers to a ___________.
3. A/An _________ is constant, a variable, or a product or a quotient of
constants and variables. These are separated by the symbols + and -.
4. A/An _________ is a variable, a constant, or a combination of both
which may be related by any of the four fundamental operations.
5. Algebraic expression where each term is a constant, a variable or a
product of a constant and variable is called ___________.

What I Can Do

Activity 8: Do Me A Favor!
Let’s Find Out: The Basic Terms in Algebra
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Explain and discuss the given situations below. Write
the answer on your answer sheet.

1. Explain why the polynomial 3 4−8 x 3+ 6 x 2−3 x has a degree 3 and not 4.
2. Write a polynomial modeled by the algebra tiles below.

+ + + + +
+ + +
+ +
 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the answer on
your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following is similar to – 2 m4 n3 ?
A. −m3 n4 B. n 4 C. −2 m4 D. m 4 n3
2. What is the exponential form of r ∙ s ∙ s ∙ t ∙ s ∙t ∙t ∙ s ∙ s ∙ s ∙ s ?
A. r (7 s)(3 t) B. rs7 t 3 C. ( rst )10 D.) ( rst )10
3. Which of the following represents an unknown numerical value?
A. Constant C. Terms
B. Exponent D. Variable
4. It is an algebraic expression with many terms.
A. Binomial C. Multinomial
B. Monomial D. Trinomial
5. How many terms does x 2 y 2 z 2−xy z 2 + x 2 y z 2−x 2 y 2 z +10 have?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
6. How many terms does a monomial have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
7. Which of the following words below represent a number with a fixed
value?
A. Constant C. Term
B. Exponent D. Variable
8. Which of the following words below represent symbols or letters that may
take one or more values?
A. Constant C. Term
B. Exponent D. Variable
9. How many terms does this expression 2 x2 + 4 x−2have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
10. Which of the following is a polynomial with two terms?
A. Binomial C. Trinomial
B. Monomial D. Multinomial
 Additional Activities

Activity 9: Compete Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Basic Terms in Algebra
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way: Complete the table below. Write the answer on your
answer sheet. Number one is done for you.
Leading Term

according to

according to
polynomials

polynomials

the degree
Coefficient

the no. of
Leading

Degree

Kind of

Kind of
terms
Algebraic Expression

1. x3 + 4   x3  1  3 Binomial Cubic

2. 2x2 + x – 5          
3. 12a + 5a – 2a +3a
2 5 4 3

         

Answer Key

Lesson 1
What I Know What’s In What Is It
1. A 6. D What is asked? 1. 0
2. C 7. A What are given? 2. 4
3. A 8. D What operation/s 2
4. B 9. B is/are to be used? 3. 4
5. B 10. D Solution 4. -1
Checking

What’s New What’s More

Variable 1. 3
Coefficient 2. 2

Algebraic Expression 3. 4
4. 1
Exponent
5. 5
Constant
Term

Lesson 2

What’s New
Expressions

Degree of a
Polynomial

Polynomial

Polynomial
Coefficient
Monomial

Trinomial
Binomial

Leading
Not a

1. x 2+ xy+ y 3   1 3

12 
2. 2
x
3. 12 a2 b3 c 3 d 4   12 12

x
2
  ½ 2
4.
2

What I Have Learned What I Can Do Assessment

1. Variable 1. Answers may vary 1. D 6. A
2
2. Constants 2. 3x + 3x + 4 2. B 7. A
3. Terms 3. D 8. D
4. Algebraic 4. D 9. C
Expressions 5. C 10. A
5. Polynomial
 Additional Activities
Algebraic Expression

polynomia

polynomia
according

according
to the no.
of terms
Leading

Leading

Degree

Kind of

Kind of

degree
to the
Term

ls

ls
1. x3 + 4  x3  1  3  Binomial  Cubic
2. 2x2 + x – 5  
2
2x  2  2  Trinomial Quadratic
2 5 4 3
3. 12a + 5a – 2a +3a  
5
5a 5   5  Multinomial  Quintic

References

Books
Julieta G. Bernabe, Elementary Algebra (Textbook for First Year),SD Publications
Inc. 2009, 82-86.

Marilou C. Geruela et. al., Mathematics for the 21st Century Learner, Diwa Learning
Center Systems Inc. 2015, 130-132