MANILA BUSINESS COLLEGE

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“THE IMPACT OF PANDEMIC OF THE INCOME, ONLINE FRAUD AND

HEALTH SAFETY OF FOOD DELIVERY RIDER IN MANILA”

Submitted by:

Carlite, Marineth
Decrito, Nareen Faith
Gabatan, Bernadette
Labutap, Ma. Raquel
Madia, Jelyn
 Submitted To:

Mr. Niel Jasper Coroza

CHAPTER I

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of

the problem, scope and delimitation, significance of the study and
definition of terms. This chapter would give comprehensive details of the
study that gauge the readers of the possible results of the problems
indicated therein by the researcher.

Background of the Study

The newly identified coronavirus was first named the 2019-novel

coronavirus as it was suddenly occurred at Wuhan, China sometime in
December 2019. On February 11, 2020, it was later on called SARS-CoV-
2 pinned by World Health Organization (WHO) or otherwise known as the
COVID-19 (Guo et al., 2020). The COVID-19 pandemic is not just
causing health crises across the world, but it brings big impact to all
spheres of life. More than six months into this pandemic is not the time
for any country to take its foot off the pedal. However, sometime in June
08, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the
COVID-19 pandemic was worsening around the globe and most people
are susceptible of infection of the aforesaid deadly virus.(Desroziers,
Adrien and Capelle-Blancard, Gunther, 2020))

The outbreak of the epidemic all over the world infected more than
1,000,000 people up to date but, various scientist around the world
made depth study in experimenting for vaccine to end outright the
pandemic as the world is suffering from global recession which drop the
global economy to its lowest point. The trade and business industry of
different countries are weakened as the virus impede the current flow
and its operation. Moreover, scholars found out also that since the
beginning of the crisis, stock prices seemingly also running wild. As the
world suffered from the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression
(Baldwin and Weder di Mauro 2020a, 2020b, Bénassy-Quéré and Weder
di Mauro 2020, Coibon et al. 2020), the reaction of stock markets raises
serious concerns. Undeniably, different countries got lame leg in
handling disastrous event and the world is not prepared for its vast
consequences thereto.

The Covid-19 pandemic outbreak has drastically affected different

business industry worldwide. Companies, corporation, even small-scale
business or establishments untimely shut down physical offices wherein
it currently resorting to work from home arrangements. Some business
organizations simply running with its skeletal workforce. The team
members huddle together in video conferences thus, virtual meetings
have quickly become the norm. Online conversations topic evolved the
engagement of customers and clients in order, the overall business kept
running and operational. www.techgenyz.com (2020)

Furthermore, the sudden loss of clients and customers are highly

manifested which caused head ache to numerous entrepreneurs because
of limited actions or restricted freedom. Unexpectedly, the current status
of different business establishment or organizations suffered loss and
internal damage that tantamount other business owners filed and
declared – bankruptcy to save available funds that might secured them
in another financial dealings in the future. Meanwhile, others preferred
temporary stoppage of business operation as there are no generated
income that would cover month expenses (both administrative and
government expenditures). The sudden stoppage of business operation
could lead to fatal and leave scarcity on the traces of net loss.

The prolong agony brought by the pandemic outbreak caused

dilemma to all forms of business, public or private sector like, food
industry which badly hit by the pandemic outbreak. This business
establishment caused some monetary lose and internal damages of
continuously operating their business despite the economic crisis.
Personnel, staff, crews or food delivery riders are suffering from economic
losses as others are being lay-off from their job post because, the
business cannot sustain in covering payrolls, liabilities and other
necessary expenses. During pandemic, the main recourse of some food
establishments is to deliver the ordered food door-to-door service in the
premises of the identified customers. Due to governments protocols of
physical distancing it motivates some customers to order food through
online by the manpower service of food delivery rider.

Food delivery services is the idea in which one call in or order food
from a restaurant or any fast food chain as this food establishments
prepare one’s order and hired a food delivery rider to travel all the way to
the customer’s given address to deliver the food ordered online or
through calls or SMS. In modern world, there are modern method of food
ordering which is through food delivery applications and services. Verily,
there are various food delivery services currently operating in the
Philippines such as, Grab food, and Food Panda as these are highly seen
from different food establishments. Amidst pandemic, the access of
technology played major role as the customer ordered food from any fast
food establishments in which they felt convenience and comfort without
any hassle from traffic and falling in line before taking orders at the food
counter then, they preferred ordered food from food delivering apps as
this is the new shaped up- new innovation of any food businesses which
brings big impact and perspective of the restaurant and fast food chain.
It is noteworthy to stress- out that ordering food from online literally
gives the customers more choices on the food preference. Indeed, the
food delivery riders played huge part on the online food delivery services
of restaurants and any fast food chain food establishments. (Food
Logistic Enterprise, 2018)

The World continuously experiencing the destruction of pandemic

in all forms of business. The business ventured by numerous food
business establishments either could not bear the losses if takes more
than three (3) years. Verily, it takes long time to recover the losses,
internal damage, contingent risks. Consequently, some food
establishments think another way or initiate to still boost the business
by grasping the innovation of technology in boosting their business
throughout online food delivery services apps. It is noteworthy to stress
out as well that food delivery riders in the height of pandemic are prone
of being the victim of scammers. To stress this argument, some
customers pretending they ordered the food from certain food
establishments but, when the food delivery rider is about to deliver the
food and asked for the corresponding fee the alleged customer refused on
the reason of they never ordered the food. This pandemic has many fool
play as others fall into victim. For an instance, in ABS-CBN News (2021),
the Major of Lapu-Lapu City was scammed out when he received Php
7,000 worth of food in his office which he did not order. In this scenario,
it wholly believed that the food delivery riders must be prudent, wise and
smart in dealing and delivering food item to the customers. Verily, they
must secure with assurance that real identity of the customer with valid
identification card to prevent any forms of fraud. Otherwise, if the food
delivery riders are innocent one which they are unto obliged paying those
fake foods ordered from unknown customers. This case was seen in the
Manila Times News by Ismael (2021) wherein Senator Christopher "Bong"
Go convinced the proper authorities in investigating those fake and
abusive customers and fake food delivery bookings. Senator Go further
reiterated the importance of Delivery riders amidst pandemic and he
called for welfare promotion for them. In fact, he requested the National
Bureau of Investigation (NBI) to crack down on fake bookings as it would
cause food delivery riders in paying the amount of the items. Undeniably,
scammers in the height of pandemic is looking for victims to find out
means to survive because, they lose their job untimely. Thus, different
kinds of scamming was happening during pandemic crisis such as ,
phishing, pyramid scams, and online selling scams which have
proliferated due to global recession and soared rate of unemployment.
(Rivas, 2020)

Food delivery riders during the pandemic are highly considered as

“frontliners workers” along with medical staffs, police officers, nurses,
government personnel and employee. Despite the risk they undertake on
their daily living but, they still continue to provide lifesaving support.
(Gonzalez ,2020) Notably, they are considered as unsung heroes. Verily,
food delivery riders must be given consideration on their safety and
security as they are also immune from virus, get sick, and burn out.
Furthermore, the food establishments owner shall not think about the
gained income on their food establishments but, also the welfare of their
food delivery riders like granting them proper “Personal Protection
Equipment” (PPE) to protect themselves from possible contamination of
virus. In America, frontliner workers are still reporting to work or job
sites undeniably, they are risking their personal health to sustain living
and kept economy in motion despite the danger by COVID-19 pandemic.
(Tomer & Kane, 2020)

Indeed, the food establishments in the middle of health crisis

must owned a strong initiative and capabilities in learning possible
solutions to protect the welfare, security, and safety of food delivery
riders or else they will be prompted to tender their resignation. It is note-
worthy to stress that some other food industry positively excel the food
business amidst pandemic as there are people preferred to order food
online from food delivery services app. As such, food delivery riders take
the opportunity to gain more income even there is impending risk on
their health, safety and security.

Nowadays, for a business to survive, one must learn to deal how to

sort out knowledge and ideas in integrating strategies in the public
market even online world which oversee business strategic plan for
reaching the height of success even in middle of health crisis. Basically,
it helps the business in knowing and understanding the customer which
the product and services really fits her/him. In some point, by way of
innovative online services it would bring a great impact to the food
delivery riders in sustaining their income despite economic crisis the
country is facing thereunto. As Barone, Adam (2021) stated that the
most relevant to still continue operating business amidst pandemic is the
adoption of marketing strategy as study shown that firms with a
documented marketing strategy had 313% more likely reported success
in their marketing campaigns as one of their strategic marketing plan.

The researcher intended to come up results that would indict the

impact of pandemic to the food delivery rider’s income, safety and
scammer. The results of the study would shape up awareness to all food
delivery riders all over the country and to individuals who are jobless and
frightened or confused to apply for being a food delivery riders. The
researcher is ascertain to find out accurate results that would indict the
impact of pandemic to the food delivery rider’s income, safety and
scammer. The results of the study would give paramount interest to all
food delivery riders on how pandemic affects their income status, safety
being affected and how also being judged as a scammer.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, the researcher aims to conduct this study to learn the

impact of pandemic to the income, scammer, and health safety of the
food delivery riders.

The researcher intended to include the research questions, as this

would give directions and flow of the study. Specifically, the study would
seek the following research questions.

1. What is the level of impact of pandemic to the deliveries/orders of

food riders in terms of door to door in terms of:
a. Income
b. Health safety
c. Scammers or online frauds?

2. What is the level of impact of pandemic to the income of food

delivery riders in terms of:
a. Tips
b. Salary/Payroll
c. Overtime pay?

3. What is the level of impact of pandemic to the health safety of food

delivery riders in terms of:
a. Health
b. Security
c. Distance/time travel?
 4. What is the level of impact of pandemic to the scammers of food
delivery riders in terms of:
a. Online Bookings
b. Unidentified Customers
c. Non-payment of ordered food?

Research Hypothesis

H1: There is no significant relationship between income and

deliveries/orders to the food delivery riders.

H2: There is no significant relationship between income and online fraud

to the food delivery riders

H3: There is no significant relationship between income and health safety

to the food delivery riders.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study may serve as the basis of prime

understanding on the impact of pandemic to the food delivery rider’s
income, safety and scammers.

This gives hint on different entrepreneurs what strategies to be

integrated to boost their business venture and embraced amidst
devastated situation. Moreover, this study will provide bounce of learning
to the readers of this study and insights to the food delivery riders,
business minded people, community through Local Government Unit,
entrepreneurs, teachers, students, National Government, and future
researchers. The results of the study will be very important to the
aforementioned above stakeholders in attaining success in the business
world despite the health crisis the country is facing through. To fully
conceptualize its significance, it is narrated below:

Community thru local public officials – The solidary partner of success

of business establishments in the community. The local officials must be
considerate in asking fee, rents or toll from the food business
establishments, local officials shall consider that different business entity
have hard time in coping up the crisis due to pandemic thus, they shall
ask reasonable fees thereof or in any case, they shall exempt those
qualifying business who suffered loss in times of pandemic. Exaction of
big amount has no room for now.

Entrepreneurs–It will help them to have a primary thought in boosting

and booming their food industry business most especially in times of
pandemic. The results of the study would give them idea and knowledge
about how the food delivery riders takes part on the success of business
even in the middle of pandemic.

Students – This will give them ample knowledge about the very bottom of
their course when it applied it in real situation, this endeavor will help
them in the future how to become successful entrepreneurs.

National Government–The government will gain second thought on

mutually supporting the business structure of the country whether
direct selling or online selling of products as the country is facing deep
economic crisis. Through highest officials who will be enacting laws
pertaining to business arena, they shall be considerate in implementing
small fee, toll, taxes and expenditures considering that the income is
limited as economic crisis is experiencing throughout the country. One
way in helping business owners are that the national government shall
ask small amount of taxes or implement no taxes for the meantime as
the world is experiencing global recession and economic crisis is highly
noticeable.

Future Researchers - This study will benefit the future researchers in

gain insights to their future study and thereby add-up their
comprehension over verified facts that they wish to study thoroughly.
Personal conception of this study would give them an analysis overview
how the pandemic affects the income, safety and scammers of food
delivery riders in the country.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of the study directly focus only to the impact of

pandemic to the income, safety and scammers of the food delivery riders.
This study will employ quantitative descriptive research design in
gathering data through the means of self-administered survey
questionnaire from respondents by way of purposive sampling technique.
The respondents of study comprise only the food delivery riders of fast
food delivery like Jollibee, McDonald, and others food establishment
which comprises of ______as the researcher cannot touch any food
delivery riders in restaurant to save future cost and expenses in lieu of
conducting the study to gather data to gain accurate and appropriate
results.

Definition of Terms

In order for the readers of this study to have a better

understanding on the terminologies used in the study, the following
terms are defined conceptually.

Coronavirus. A Covid-19 virus first appeared at Wuhan China which

caused catastrophic in all corners of the world which resulted to Global
recession.
Challenges. It refers to the different obstacles a food establishments may
experiencing and facing daily or regularly.

Lived Experiences. It refers to the daily experiences whether good or

bad happenings food delivery riders encountered with respect on the
delivery of food to the vicinity of their customers.

Online Food Delivery Services. A new software application integrated

by restaurants and fast food chain food business as an innovative way in
reaching out multiple customers online.

Food Delivery Riders. The person or individual who delivered the food
ordered via online to door-to-door or footstep in the vicinity of the
customers.

Income. The form of an amount being received by the food delivery

riders in regular basis.

Online Fraud. The unidentified person who keeps pretending to be real

and genuine but, the truth and in fact, a fake one.

Health Safety. It refers to health security of the food delivery riders

while performing their duties and responsibilities designated to the
customers.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A review of related literature is an interpretation and comprehensive

study of literature that caters specific topic" (Aveyard, 2010) as well as it is
a summary of the previous topic that is being research by prominent
authors, educators or scholars. The related literature has different forms
wherein it comes from different resources such as, books, journals, articles,
news, and other pertinent resources which are highly relevant and related
to the premises of research. Notably, the review of related literature should
identify, define, describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify and enumerate
those previous research being pinned by different prestigious authors.
Verily, review of related literature honors the different formulated and
come-up studies of previous creators and researchers. In this part of the
study, there is presumption that when the researcher mentioned the name
of the author stating the previous work in the field study presumably, the
author has evaluated, read and assimilated such work.
The related literature of this study will enable the readers to fully
understand the contents of the study posits by the researcher. The content
specified herein will tackle the literature from the great – famous authors
that will supply the information’s and ideas about the impact of pandemic
on the income, safety and scammers of food delivery riders This chapter
includes the review of related literature and studies that discusses the
guidelines applicable in all business in the middle of health crisis, impact of
pandemic to the income of frontliner workers in the Philippines,impact of
pandemic to the safety of frontliners, and impact of pandemic to the fast
and growing numbers of scammers taking advantage the vulnerability of
the people who always used internet and any social media platforms.

Foreign Literature

Frontline workers

Frontline workers are group of people who receive lower wages on

average. Unlike from overall workforce, they come disproportionately from
socio-economically disadvantaged groups. They are considered as
subcategory of essential workers because they are majority of workers
(over 70%) which cannot feasibly work from home. They are protective
service workers (police and EMTs), healthcare workers, production and
food processing workers, cashiers in grocery and general merchandise
stores, agricultural workers, janitors and maintenance workers, and truck
drivers. These workers constitute 60% of essential workers and 42% of all
workers. There are 39% women front line workers having lower percentage
but, they contribute bigger share in most of the front line occupations.
Front line workers received lower wage than those essential workers.
Verily, they are known as less well educated than all workers with higher
share of school dropouts and minimal obtained a degree in College with
four (4) year course. On the other hand, front line workers are far flung
from essential workers as they represent 70% of all workers as revealed by
2017 and 2018 American Community Survey. The industries which is
represented by essential workers are, transportation and logistics,
telecommunications, defense, food and agriculture, law enforcement,
energy, water and waste water,medical and healthcare, information
technology systems, and public works.Verily, it was also considered that
food preparers and servers are essential workers due to their role in food
provision but, due to surge of pandemic and public health measures
banned restaurant dining, closures then occurred. (Blau et.al, 2020)

Guidelines of Food Business

The general guidelines applicable to all food businesses and activities

to achieve the minimum standards to ensure safety for the consumer.
(FAO, 2014)
1. Hygiene and cleaning: there should be programs setting cleaning
schedules, equipment to be used and those materials suitable for handling
food. There should have facilities for appropriate storage of chemicals used,
in order to prevent contamination of raw, packaged products and prepared
food.
2. Construction in storage areas: there shall be a temperature control,
easy to clean, ventilation, sufficient drainage, and power back-up.
3. Facility layout and design: it should provide adequate loading and
unloading areas protected from rain and pests. There should be a separate
storage, processing, and packing areas.
4. Facility environment: the site kept clear of garbage, the location of
the facility should have a safe environment, away for harbourage for pests.
5. Staff facilities: there should be facility for personal hygiene including
hand washing facility and toilet with soap.
6. Equipment: there shall be maintenance and cleaning procedures
which should be documented and thereby, recorded. Verily, the equipment
and containers used for handling or processing food should be constructed
to ensure food safety, adequate maintenance, good and cleaning hygienic
practices.
7. Water quality: the water should be of potable quality that is used for
food production for staff facilities.
8. Waste management: there should be maintenance of cleanliness in
waste storage areas to prevent cross-contamination of food and prevention
of pests.
9. Transport: vehicles and containers used for transporting food and
non-food products should be suitable for the clean and in good condition.
10. Pest control: pest control measures includes, controlling, identifying,
monitoring, and documenting of pest infestations.
11. Training: training in food safety principles and practices should be
provided for all employees according to their roles

Keeping Frontline Workers Safe

Frontline workers are at greater risk of contracting COVID-19.

Frontline employees are working on stressful hours. A fatigue is bound to
set in, increase the risk of burnout and make injury to frontlines who are
living with the threat of virus. Injured workers may endure all of the
emotional and physical challenges that come with an injury while continue
working. In order to secure front liner workers in the combat of this threat,
many businesses have implemented safety procedures to minimize
exposure through using gloves, masks, frequent disinfecting, acrylic
dividers, social distancing, and a number of other procedures. The business
can take key steps in helping heroic frontline workers in the height of
health crisis which they shall stay focus at their performance at all times.
The organizations shall established safety routine for front liner workers to
ensure them that they are supported and they can access those materials
which remain them mentally and physically safe while on duty. (Leo,2021)

Common Types of Online Fraud or Internet Scams (2016)

In the advent of the internet, the increasing numbers of scammers

are rampant and online fraud seems to happen all the time. The best to
protect oneself is to learn and aware of this crimes such as: Credit Card
Fraud – online users submit personal information’s on deceitful websites
upon submission of their credit card to criminals; Identity Theft – the
cybercriminals steal one’s identifiable information and assume to be
someone else by the use of computer intrusion techniques or malware;
Investment Fraud – someone is pretending to be finance expert and
encourage people to invest on bank or any venture; Auction Fraud –
pertains to the shoppers who are not getting any things or materials after
they tendered payment or the materials received is far different from what
is advertised;

Impact of COVID-19 on Job Loss

The pandemic badly hit the economy across the globe and many loss
their jobs that lead to income deprivation due to temporary stoppage and
reduced working hours. It was found out that 24% of respondents lost their
job. Families experienced economic pain due to untimely loss of job and
income amidst pandemic since April 2020 as surveyed by Social Policy
Institute. In consequences thereof, they experienced hardships like
difficulty paying rent which puts families at risk for eviction. The eviction
has fatal effects such as, loss of friends for children, mental health distress,
disruptive school changes and loss of possessions. Moreover, health
consequences of food insecurity are far-reaching which includes, cognitive,
mental health, behavioral, anemia, asthma, and birth defects problems.
Some individual jeopardize their health and avoid medical care and buying
prescriptions as a result of loss of income. However, there are certain
programs that help families coped up the loss of their job like the federal
Coronavirus Aid, Relief, & Economic Security (CARES) Act signed into law in
late March 2020, which seek to help many families and households
including economic, and unemployment benefits impact payments. But, the
CARES Act limitations calling for additional policy responses such as,
additional unemployment benefit payments, laid-off workers in hard-hit
industries like hospitality, and helping them transition of Affordable Care
Act plans for workers who lost health insurance. As such, emergency
housing assistance should be pass by Congress as additional legislation and
take this an opportunity to have an affordable housing. (Despard et. al,
2020)

Local Literature

Characteristics of Filipino customer

Filipino customer could be understood by analyzing their product

preference(s) for beauty, hygiene, health, and convenience. They also
prefer healthier food, they adopted health life style based on the food
choices. Besides, they also concerned about their hygiene which includes
germ-protection products like hand sanitizers and alcohol.
Behaviour. Filipino customer allure on brand loyalty, value of money and
media exposure. Currently, they drive-in on the new trend which is online
shopping. Certainly, they love purchasing products in the market.
Brand Loyalty. In 2013, 77% of Filipino respondents convened that they
preferred brands and types of products before buying according to a
Nielsen online survey on Global Consumers reported. Filipino customers are
not difficult when introducing a new brand, but it is hard maintaining their
interest with the product.
Advertising. Advertisements greatly affect the preference of Filipino
customers over the products. In fact, they rely most of the time on
commercials breaks for short product information. The survey entails that
78% Filipino customer were affected by commercials and thereby increased
brand preference.
Value of money. Statistically showed that 40% of the Filipino customers
follow brand of product on social media for the promotions and discounts
offered. Verily, they are lured by affordable prices and product promos. The
good product promotions are received the strongest in developing
countries where practicality are needed in order to stretch the
budget.https://opentoexport.com/article/capturing-filipino-consumers/

COVID-19 Impact to Philippine Food Service Market

After the advent of COVID-19, the foodservice sector was majorly hit
by the strict lockdown measures introduced in the Philippines to limit the
spread of the virus. Food service refers to those institutions, business
establishments and companies who are responsible for any mean being
prepared outside other than preparation at home. Verily, Philippines
Foodservice Market is Segmented by Type ( 100% Home Delivery
Restaurants, Street Stalls and Kiosks, Self-service Restaurants, Full-service
Restaurants, Quick-service Restaurants, and Cafes and Bars) and Structure
( Independent Restaurants and Chained Restaurants).Sometime in June
2020, eateries in the some parts of Manila that can meet government
safety protocols were then allowed to reopen at 30% of their seating
capacity following safety protocols like, social distancing and strict hygiene.
To improve the Philippine economy, the aforementioned above measures
must be taken into consideration to cover the losses and downfall of the
economy after the country is being under the lockdown measures imposed
by the government.

Foreign Studies

In an article by Research and Markets (2020) entitled “Demand for

Food Delivery Explodes during the COVID-19 Pandemic as Consumers Self-
Isolate and Restaurants Close Down” which reiterate that there has been
surge in demand for food delivery services as the consumers turning into
delivery in treating themselves due to social distancing. Many delivery
services responded to the pandemic crisis by way of introducing
contactless delivery options in helping the government to eliminate the
risk of spreading virus between food delivery rider and customer.
Undeniably, due to distancing measures many restaurants and food
establishments closed but, some switched to food delivery to stay afloat in
the middle of crisis. Eventually, some delivery service like, UberEats
expanded through delivery of groceries as a result of COVID-19. Verily,
some drive the demand of food delivery services due to the increased
establishments of restaurants which offered home delivery. Hence,
pandemic times makes the income of the food delivery service still afloat
looking other means or ways to survive due to fast competition of
numerous home delivery services.

According to Wood, Harry (2019) that every food business is required

to follow legal requirements for food safety. The general principles of food
safety require every business operator along the food chain to ensure that
the safety of food is managed and maintained. Supermarkets operators
need to follow a wide set of safety procedures. The activities of the food
retail businesses includes, 1.simple processing operations like, sorting,
cleaning, grading, fumigation, and packaging operations of vegetables,
fruits, and staple foods; 2. processed food, private labels or own-brand
manufacturing through contract manufacturers; 3. branded product
procurements and supply chain, including warehousing cold chain; 4. front-
end retail activities; 5. Restaurants, eateries, milling, bakery, preparing and
packing cut fruit and vegetables, wine shops and 6. Fresh meat and live
seafood. Furthermore, FDA (2020) emphasized in managing food pick-Up
and delivery in the retail food stores, restaurants, should observe safety
protocols and measures such as:Keep foods separated to avoid cross
contamination; Practice social distancing when delivering food; Keep hot
foods hot and cold foods by storing in appropriate transport vessels; Ensure
that any wrapping and packaging used for food transport is done so that
contamination is prevented; Routinely clean, sanitize coolers and insulated
bags used to deliver foods; Observe established food safety practices,
maintain food temperature and prevent cross contamination of food;
Increase the frequency of cleaning and disinfecting of high-touch surfaces
by wiping down surfaces using a regular household cleaning spray and the
employees shall wash their hands with water and soap at least 20 seconds
especially before eating and after coughing, sneezing, after blowing nose,
or after touching high touch surfaces.

In Kudasz, Ferenc et. al (2017, this report aim to ascertain the

availability of good practice material for delivery riders or delivery workers
how to be safe and these guidelines provides a range of guidance about
preventing risks to delivery riders in some countries outside the EU. It can
be said that bicycles and motorcycles used numerous activities like, post-
delivery, message and fast food delivery. The following factors are to be
considered to keep the risk of accidents namely: the rider should never
enter the houses of unknown people, the problems with people should also
be reported to the property to the delivery company, whenever the rider
encountered drunkard customer then, he should leave the place directly,
the rider should behave politely to those negative reactions or comments,
in case there are dogs then the rider should not enter the area, problems
in the distribution area should be reported to the delivery company, it
should be also reported whenever the rider cannot gain entrance to a
residence vicinity and the hands should be washed after delivery round has
been completed.

Local Studies

In the study of Flores (2021), it aims to determine the attitude,

awareness and practice levels of 50 food handlers on food safety among
four Level 3 hospitals in the Philippines. Also, it wanted to investigate the
relationship of attitude, awareness and practices to Socio demographic
characteristics and culture by the use of a self-administered questionnaire.
Then, the study utilized a cross-sectional analytical design. The results of
the study were validated by direct observation of food safety practices. The
role of food handlers is essential in the prevention of foodborne diseases.
Compliance to food safety standards among food handlers is influenced by
one's level of attitude, awareness and practices regarding food safety. It
was revealed that food handlers had fair awareness, positive attitude, and
good practices on food safety. It was found out that food handlers had poor
practices on hand washing and glove usage. More so, it found out that
there was no significant association was found among Socio-demographic
characteristics, awareness, practices and attitude. There was a moderate
positive correlation was observed between attitude and practices and that
food safety culture was found to possibly be associated to attitude and
practices. Notably, the strict compliance to food safety standards should be
of utmost importance to food handlers in order to ensure the safety and
quality of food served to people. In the same vein, in further study of
Catedral (2018) wherein it aimed to examine the food safety culture of
vendors of a night market in Cebu City, Philippines. The study highlights the
role of management on food safety procedures. Then, the time and
management pressures made contribution in decreasing the flow of safe
food handling. This study employed descriptive research and utilized self-
administered survey questionnaire with 40 participants who were night
market vendors. Accordingly, the night markets are a popular food
destination among tourists in Southeast Asia but, these destinations result
in a higher risk food contamination which raised the need to improve food
safety culture in the said premises. Food safety culture has been held as an
effective means for improving safety practices. The result of the study
revealed that high mean scores in the indicators of management and
coworker support, self-commitment and communication while lower scores
on work pressure and risk judgment and environment support. The study
concluded that provision of timely information, employee’s workload and
feedback are indicators that increase the level of food safety culture.

In the study of Limon (2021) where it aimed to assess the self-

reported and observed food safety practices (FSP) of food handlers. They
delivered food products home-cooked food items or products during the
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. There were 751 participated in the
online survey who were selected using criterion sampling. The researcher
utilized developed questionnaire through gathered data with the used of
statistical tools such as, Cronbach Alpha of 0.91. t-test, ANOVA, and Fleiss
kappa. The results of the study showed that there were no significant
differences between self-reported FSP in four dimensions and demographic
characteristics, except for age, where a significant difference exists
between the FSP of the four age groups along food preparation. The food
handlers inappropriately and inadequately practiced the safety protocols in
keeping the food safe to eat. More so, it revealed that the food handlers at
home do not meet food safety standards as indicated in the weighted with
an interpretation of Sometimes Practiced. There exists a significant
difference with the FSP in personal hygiene, cross-contamination
prevention and sanitation, food preparation, and food delivery. The study
recommended that the non-government and government agencies should
work together towards educating the food handlers at home on effective
ways in learning about food safety concepts so that, they could become
advocates of safer food practices.

In an article by Metro. Style Team (2020) wherein it emphasized that

food delivery services offered least amount of contact in reducing for
respiratory exposure. Having food deliveries amidst pandemic is said to be
not without risk for both the driver and customer. It is an utmost
consideration that food delivery rider shall practice safe hygiene and
maintain good health as well as those person who cook, prepare, pack and
delivered the food. Research shown that the coronavirus is being
transmitted through droplets which spread through coughing, sneezing,
and touching yet there is no convincing evidence that virus is foodborne. In
this article, it presented the - Grabfood contactless delivery wherein it
introduced new strategy in ensuring health safety of both delivery workers
and customers such as: (1) identification of drop-off point for the delivery
person; (2)when customer received notice that the delivery person will
arrive then, the customer shall wait for him or her while standing 2 meters
away from the place where the delivery is dropped; (3) the customer shall
back off at least 2 meters when the delivery person will place the order on
the surface area; (4) the customer will leave the money on the top of the
drop-off point of order and then he or she should maintain 2 meter
distance to prevent any risk of contamination; and (5) Grab food entity
remind their workers or drivers in on serving good hygiene practices,
disinfecting vehicles after every trip, washing hands with soap, and boost
their immune system. In the same rate, in an article written by Yuen (2020)
entitled “Let’s join together: Uphold Food Safety of Food Delivery” where it
clearly stated that the food orders can easily be made through the advance
of technology like having mobile applications. Food operators, delivery
service staff and customers have to join hands to ensure the delivery of
food safe for human consumption. Significantly, the risk control points
should be focused on food hygiene during preparation and hygienic
measures to secure cleanliness of all food contact surfaces during food
delivery. This article suggested some advice to food delivery service
providers such as, food delivery agents should safeguard food against
cross-contamination by hygienic transportation means; the delivery
container and storage of motorcycles shall be cleaned also by
disinfectants, wash hands with liquid soap and always used sanitizers
before and after delivery lastly, delivery riders shall organize well the
delivery load to minimize unnecessary ransacking.

In an article by Jazul, Noreen (2021) written in Manila Bulletin

entitled “Five Riders scammed after receiving fake delivery bookings made
under Mayor Isko’s name” wherein the Manila Mayor Isko Moreno
received fake food orders which is delivered in his office under his name
which lead him to speak out to the public and made public declaration to
not to scam or prank any delivery riders. It was then discovered that the
food ordered was booked in mobile apps by users with different
international mobile numbers. To further rebut the scamming happened to
food delivery riders, according to the article of Chis (2020) entitled “Look:
Over 10 Food Delivery Riders Got Scammed by Fake Booking in Las Pinas”
wherein it shown that there were 10 food delivery riders who got
disappointed because they were being victimized by a scammer at Pillar
Village, Las Pinas City. Nitizens claimed that the culprit is a certain AJ Pande
who was ruthless individual that booked for a delivery using various contact
numbers but gives the same address for delivery. Undeniably, since the
quarantine period started numerous food riders been scammed out and
victimized by the fake bookings after ordering food then, they are nowhere
to found. In the same instances, Philippine actress Kris Bernal was also a
victim of fake food delivery bookings which made through the Grab delivery
app. The above scenario was also observed in the ABS-CBN News updated
on May 21, 2021 entitled “More food delivery riders scammed anew by
fake booking” that in Barangay Kamuning, Quezon City there were several
food delivery riders were scammed out by a fake online order. The five
riders claimed they received different orders via delivery app food panda all
for the same address on Barangay Kamuning, Quezon City but, at the time
of delivery, no one received the orders since the house was unoccupied.
Worse, the total orders amounted from P900 to over P1,500 from different
restaurants. Dismayed on such acts, one of the riders was frustrated and
left no choice but, returning the food to the vendors deducted on their
account. The same scenario was personally experience by Senator Sherwin
Gatchalian last January as the hacker used his credit card to purchase P1
million worth of food also via delivery app.
On the other hand, an article written by Recuenco, Aaron (2021) that
Malabon cops help those food delivery riders who are being duped by a
customer. The rider narrated that he delivered the food item right away
but, upon delivery the customer could not be found any longer when he
contacted him. The local police buy all the ordered food items as a way of
their help Foodpanda rider who are duped by fake customer. In fact, one of
the policemen assigned to the Potrero Police Sub-Station 1 buy the food
out of pity, while the rider narrated how he was tricked by an online
customer. A food panda delivery rider was surprised on such actuations
because, he was just about to file a complaint for the said customer who
dumped and tricked him but, policemen in Malabon help him. In lieu
thereof, Eleazer wanted to conduct an investigation by the help of Anti-
Cybercrime Group which has an intensified campaign against online scams.
Project E-ACCESS was being launched by PNP which purposely help those
netizens experienced being duped by cybercriminals and scammers.

Synthesis of the Art

There are numerous studies related to food delivery services in any
food establishments like, fast food chain, restaurant and any food stall. In
fact, food delivery riders are being considered as front liner workers
because they provide delivery services even their health safety are at stake
and they are being prone to get scammed out. However, food delivery
services is convenient during pandemic as people preferred to order food
online for less hassle purposes verily, some food delivery riders on doing
their duties they received some tips or incentives from the loyal customers
of certain fast food chain or restaurant as the case maybe. After dissecting
the literature of the study, it was being speculated that that there is no
conducted study yet regarding the – impact of pandemic to the income,
health safety and scammer of food delivery in the manila.
Hence, the researcher could draw out a conclusion that a gap here is
being embarked that no study conducted yet until at present time as per
based on food delivery and the researcher indicted thereby that no study
exists with the same topic thereof except to those parts which extracted
therein. Therefore, the literature written above will lead more information
and knowledge to the readers of this study.

Conceptual Framework
 Food delivery service is courier service in which restaurants, stores,
or third-party applications delivers food based on consumer’s demand. The
orders is executed through mobile apps via websites. Mostly, deliveries
includes cooked dishes, groceries and other forms of delivery.
However, the outbreak of pandemic brings big impact to any food
chain or restaurants as the food delivery services income and safety is at
risk most especially, the scamming is rampant due to some people
triggered to do it as an easy way to gain money from online to provide their
basic daily needs because, they are being lay off in the company they
worked for due to pandemic.
The goal of this study is to indicate the conceptual framework to
have a clear and better understanding of the flow of the study. The method
followed for developing and refining the framework proposed here as well
as results from these studies are reported and discussed in detail elsewhere
(McIsaac, Blocher, Mahesh, &Vrasidas, 1999; Vrasidas, 1999; Vrasidas,
2001; Vrasidas, 2002; Vrasidas&McIsaac, 1999; Vrasidas&McIsaac, 2000;
Vrasidas& Chamberlain, 2002). The researcher constructed a
comprehensive conceptual framework for the purpose of providing a
common understanding of the whole system on the impact of pandemic to
the income, health safety and scammers of food delivery service.

Such framework is useful for many reasons. First, it nicely

summarizes so far. Second, it points to the need of assessing research in a
whole-system perspective. Any research on some of the variables needs to
be put into the context of all of the others. Verily, this will lead to a better
understanding on the impact of pandemic to the income, health safety and
scammer of food delivery service.
The Input of the study is the demographic profile of the food delivery
riders and the pandemic impact to the income, health safety and scammers
of food delivery service. The Process of the study is to analyze if there is
significant relationship between demographic profile of the respondents
and the impact of pandemic to the income, health safety and scammers of
food delivery service. The Output of the study is the program, policy or best
measures to address the concerns of food delivery rider over income,
health safety and being scammed out.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

  Demographic
Profile of the
Respondents
Analyze if there is significant
 Impact of
relationship between the Program, policy or
Pandemic to
respondents and the impact of measures come up
the income,
pandemic to the income, health after the findings of
health safety
safety and online fraud of food the study
and online
delivery service
fraud of food
delivery
service.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Theoretical Framework

The researcher adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior. This theory

started as the theory of reasoned action in 1989 that predict an individual’s
intentions to engage in behavior at a specific time and place wherein it
intended in explaining all behaviors over which people have the ability to
exert self-control. The component of this theory is behavioral intentions
which is influenced by the individual’s attitude and the subject evaluation
benefits and risk of the outcome. This theory stated that behavioral
achievement depends on both ability (behavioral control) and motivation
(intention). Notably, this theory is being applied in the present study as this
is the means useful to explain food handlers behavioral; intentions and
behaviors related to food safety across different settings and could serve as
useful frameworks for practice. (Young et. al, 2018) This theory explain and
discuss about how food safety professionals have actual behaviors on
observing food safety they served to the customers. It is indicated that
people intend to perform a behavior when they perceive it as positive
when they believe that people think they should perform that behavior
wherein they also perceive barriers upon it. By applying food safety in any
food establishments or food industry, the employees or personnel shall
have positive attitudes about food safety practices. To stress further
arguments, this theory use to explain and predict the implementation of
food safety practices by food handlers and consumers. Importantly, one
should have food safety knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors by
stakeholders in primary production, processing, retail preparations and
consumption in order to increase their understanding which influenced
behavior change and reduce the incidence of food borne illness.

Finally, the researcher also adopted the Uses and Gratification

Theory coined in the early 1940’s by Katz and Blumler (1974), historically,
theory was first introduced in order people will understand why people
choose to consumer various forms of media. Notably, it is an approach to
understand how and why people directly and actively seek the help of
media in order to satisfy their needs. (Wikipedia) This statement is
concurred in the study of Ray & Kaur (2019) where it applied the U & G
theory and found eights main gratification behind the use of Food Delivery
Apps such as, societal pressure, delivery experience, quality control, listing,
convenience, customer experience, search of restaurants, and ease-of-use.
Customer use FDA as significant antecedents on their experiences in search
of restaurants or any food establishments where they can ordered food
online.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter will present the research design, research locale,

respondents and sampling, research instruments, data gathering
procedure, statistical treatment of data and data analysis that the
researcher opted to use to make this study worth undertaking.

Research Design

The study will employ Quantitative survey research design. This

method is used to describe the situation to explore the causes of a
particular phenomenon. This research design is considered because it
enables the researcher to generate data through the standardized
collection procedures as per based on highly structured research
instrument.
 According to Check & Schutt, 2012, p. 160 that survey research
referred to information through the means of collection from a sample of
individuals or sample from population through their responses from the
item or questions stated in the questionnaire. This type of research has a
variety of methods in collecting data, recruiting participants, and utilize
various methods of instrumentation verily, this research design use
quantitative research strategies like employing questionnaires with
numerically rated items. In fact, with respect in exploring human
behavior, the survey research design are frequently used. (Singleton &
Straits, 2009). Those information’s obtained from groups or of sample
population were the results of rigorous or less rigorous study using
multiple reliable and valid instruments. Moreover, the primary purpose
of this research was to obtain information describing characteristics of a
large sample of people of interest. Actually, there were census surveys
that obtained information with respect to reflection of personal or
demographic and consumer feedback surveys. Amidst pandemic,
researcher’s survey were disseminated through mails or any social media
platforms for the purposes of prevention of contamination of virus.
Therefore, this research is applicable in the study because, it is
legitimate and useful approach which helps in describing and exploring
variables of the study. (Ponto, Julie, 2015)According to Leavy (2017),
quantitative research is a research that is described by deductive
approach to the method designed at proving and disproving, or lending
support to prevailing theories. Moreover, quantitative research includes
gauging variables and analyzing the relationships between dependent,
independent, and controlled variables in order to reveal, correlations,
patterns and causal relationships

Research Locale
The study will be conducted in Manila City, Philippines to where it
was being known as the center of different food deliveries which are
highly in demand and transparent during pandemic. People living in
Manila City preferred to order food via online due to the risk of virus
transmission.

Figure ___. The Map of Manila City, Philippines.

 The Manila City was known as the ”Pearl of the Orient”. It was the
Philippine’s capital city. It was located in Luzon – biggest Island in the
Philippines. The Manila City has an area of 38.55 square kilometers. It
was part of the Metro Manila or the National Capital Region which
comprises of 16 cities and 1 municipality. Record shows that Manila City
was divided into 897 barangays. Verily, the Manila City was well-known
for its different variety of cuisine and street food markets such as, the
Quiapo Market, Legazpi Sunday Market and Chinatown, Binondo.

Respondent and Sampling

The respondents of the study are the riders of food panda delivery,
grab food delivery, and other food delivery in Manila regardless of gender,
age, educational attainment and marital status.
However, the researchers intended to gather data from 200
respondents. Verily, respondents are being obtained and calculated after
the speculation of how many food deliveries in Manila by then, the 10%
of calculated number is being attained and considered to be the number
of respondents. The food deliveries within Manila are invited directly
through oral communication while handling request letter thereof. Verily,
the respondents are selected through random sampling technique to
prevent bias and promote equality in selecting respondents to participate
in the study. In this study the researchers will also become a storyteller
in front of the respondents conveying them what is the prime purpose of
the study and their participation is a huge help in finding out the result
of the study. The researchers will narrate the benefits of the study and
that there is no force, intimidation or vitiated consent shall takes place in
attaining informed consent to the participants while the researcher
taking conveyance to the participants at the same.

Research Instruments

The researcher intended to use Likert-scale survey questionnaire

and the Google form to determine the impact of pandemic to the
deliveries/orders of food delivery riders, the impact of pandemic to the
income of food delivery riders, the impact of pandemic to the health
safety of food delivery riders and the impact of pandemic to the online
fraud of food delivery riders
The researcher will adopt the checklist survey questionnaire which
will be the main instrument of the study. Before the gathering of data,
the said questionnaire will undergo proper validation of the experts,
adviser and professor to attest the validity of the contents of the
questionnaire thereof.
 Furthermore, the research instruments are composed of four (4)
parts:
Part I – entails the level of impact of pandemic to the deliveries/orders of
food riders in terms of door to door.
Part II – emphasized the level of impact of pandemic to the income of food
delivery riders.
Part III – items for the level of impact of pandemic to the health safety of
food delivery riders.
Part IV – comprised the level of impact of pandemic to the online fraud of
food delivery riders

Data Gathering Procedure

Before the researchers begin the distribution of the survey forms to

the respondents, the former will humbly seek the approval from the
ethics review committee from the university where the researchers
studied to affirm that the series of statements is within the ambit of
human conscience and not subject to any form of intimidation or
harassment. Significantly, the researcher will ask the approval from the
respondents to conduct their study. Once there is approval to conduct
the study, the researchers will start the submission of survey
questionnaires to the respondents. Then, the researchers will personally
explain the study to the participants to discuss and narrate the purpose
of the study.

The researchers will provide information to the respondents

concerning the study, such as procedures, risk and benefits, and their
right to withdraw from the study. The respondent will be afforded
sufficient time to consider whether or not to participate in the research.
Mutual consent is obtained through this conveyance. The questionnaire
will be administered via Microsoft Forms and will be handed over directly
to the respondents once they have accepted the invitation to participate.
They can decide not to answer the questionnaire or opt out of the study
at any time whenever they feel vulnerable or uncomfortable talking about
their perspectives about the topic.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data collection techniques used in this study: a) literature

study, that is, study and analyze the writing materials that have to do
with research, b) field study, which is data collection and information is
done directly visiting the location of participants through collection of
answer from questionnaire by conducting personally at the respondents
location, and spreading a list of written statements on the participants
(Merriam, 1998).

According to (Onwuegbuzie& Combs, 2010) editing- this steps aims

to make the data obtained can be processed properly to obtain the right
information, coding- after the verification is given the code above the
answer presented in the questionnaire, transferring- the data that has
been given the code is arranged sequentially starting from the first
respondent until the last respondent to be included in the table,
tabulating – the collected data is tabulated in the form of a distributed
frequency table.

Data Analysis

The acquired data and input needed will be encoded, tallied, and
interpreted make use of weighted mean as statistical tool as per based on
the aforementioned statement of the problem.

Weighted Mean. This is used by the researcher to ascertain the

respondents’ inputs. The formula written below will be used in obtaining
the weighted mean for the following data that will be collected in the
course of the study.

For questions 1, 2, 3, and 4 to describe the level of impact of pandemic to

the deliveries/order of food riders as well as level of impact of pandemic
to the income, health safety and scammers of food delivery riders. , the
researcher used weighted mean with the formula:

WM = ΣTWF
N

Where:
WM = weighted mean
TWF = Total weighted frequency
N = Total Number of Respondents

The researcher pursued the study with a clearer understanding. He used

the 4-point scale to describe and interpret the results. The numerical
answers and equivalents were as follows:

Degree of Response Range Verbal Interpretation

 4 3.25 – 4.00 Always
3 2.50 – 3.24 Sometimes
2 1.75 – 2.49 Often
1 1.00 – 1.74 Not At All

Ethical Consideration

The researcher made sure that all information gathered will be

treated with full confidentiality and will be used for academic purpose
only. Also, in consideration of Data Privacy Act of 2012, the research
made use of consent letter to assure that all respondents of the study are
willing to take part of the study.

Dearest Sir/Madame,

Greetings!!!

We BSBA-Operations Management , 3rd year students of Manila

Business College are currently conducting a study entitled THE IMPACT
OF PANDEMIC OF THE INCOME, HEALTH SAFETY AND ONLINE
FRAUD OF FOOD DELIVERY RIDERS IN MANILA, in lieu thereof, we
humbly ask your permission in allowing us to conduct our study before
this food delivery services. We are hopeful to conduct our study with the
food delivery riders. Expectedly, we will conduct to approximately _____
food delivery riders within Manila City location. Hence, we humbly ask
your permission in allowing us to conduct our study with the
participation of your riders whom under your control and supervision.
Verily, the rider’s participation will provide accurate results and
answer the research problems of the study. In fact, this study would
investigate the impact of pandemic to the food delivery riders in terms of
income, safety and online frauds/scammers thus, it serves as the mirror
on resorting best possible solutions over impacts of pandemic to the food
delivery services running and operating within Manila City.
 To further reiterate the ceramics of the study, when the food
delivery riders write their name in this survey questionnaire, this signify
that they allowed the researchers to record and tally the data thereof.
The said participation of the study is completely voluntary. There is no
extra force and intimidation on their mutual consent, thus, no vitiated
consent takes place. The survey will approximately take 3 minutes to
answer completely. Literally, all information’s obtain is strictly
confidential, only the researchers, adviser, professor and statistician will
have the direct access of the data as it is only used only for statistical
purposes.

Your consideration is highly regarded and highly appreciated!

To God Be the Glory. Muchas Gracias.

Respectfully yours,
Researchers

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I. The level of impact of pandemic to the deliveries/orders of

food riders.

4 = ALWAYS 3 = SOMETIMES 2 = OFTEN 1 = NOT AT ALL

Directions: Indicate your level of agreement or disagreement on the given

items below by checking the corresponding numbers given.

ITEMS 4 3 2 1
A. INCOME
0 Since pandemic outbreak, my income was broad different
1 from the usual times because, I received tips from
customers.
0 Sometimes, I received tokens in the form of money form
2 customers.
0 Some loyal customers never ask for change instead they
3 gave it to me gratuitously.
B. HEALTH SAFETY
0 I am at risk of possible virus infection from customers.
1
0 The management provide free mask, alcohol, sanitizer,
2 soap and face shield.
0 In case, I am infected with the deadly virus in the course
3 of my duty or job, then, the management shoulder all the
hospital bills.
C. ONLINE FRAUDS/SCAMMERS
0 When I’m about to deliver the food ordered to customer,
1 no one received it.
0 There are some customers denied upon delivery of food
2 items or ordered.
0 Some customers claimed they never ordered the food as
3 such, they never paid for it.

Part II. The level of impact of pandemic to the income of food

delivery riders.

ITEMS 4 3 2 1
TIPS
0 Some customers gave tip during delivery service.
1
0 There are customers who show empathy by giving
2 monetary value from their own pocket.
0 I am happy and grateful every time I received tips from
3 customers because, I can save it for necessary purpose.
SALARY/PAYROLL
0 There was salary deduction since pandemic began.
1
0 Payroll released was delayed.
2
0 There are times I want to quit this job due to salary factor.
3
OVERTIME PAY
0 There were times no overtime pay given.
1
0 I am glad if the management paid our overtime work or
2 the excess hours aside from our regular hour duty.
0 I used my overtime pay to buy for my family’s essential
3 daily needs.
Part III. The level of impact of pandemic to the health safety of food
delivery riders.

ITEMS 4 3 2 1
A. HEALTH
0 Infection of virus to delivery riders was at risk.
1
0 I might get infected with COVID-19 anytime if we never
2 wear safety medical gears.
0 The management advised me or us to take a short leave if
3 we are infected with deadly virus to get cured before
resume to work.
B. SECURITY
0 The company provided free mask, soap, sanitizer, face
1 shield and alcohol.
0 We always wear safety gears before we delivered food
2 items.
0 We undergo regular meeting or briefing about self-
3 preparedness over COVID-19 virus.
C. DISTANCE/TIME TRAVEL
0 I travel in great distances due to numerous orders.
1
0 My time for travel was highly different compared to the
2 normal times where there is no outbreak of pandemic.
0 Distance is one of the factor for delayed food delivery
3 service.

Part IV. The level of impact of pandemic to the online fraud of food
delivery riders.

ITEMS 4 3 2 1
A. ONLINE BOOKINGS
01 Since pandemic, online booking was rampant with
verified identification of prospect customers.
02 Most of the customers imbued in digital world so,
kept ordering food without taking down payment
over it.
03 Online bookings triggered online frauds with fake
customers.
B. UNIDENTIFIED CUSTOMERS
01 Some customers ordered food via online without
presenting proper identification card.
02 There are customers never revealed their real identity
 when they ordered food.
03 Unidentified customers lead to the suspicion that the
transactions are a simple scam or online frauds.
C. NON-PAYMENT OF ORDERED FOOD
01 Due to voluminous unidentified customers, food
delivery services were being scammed out too.
02 I shoulder the payment for those food items not
being paid by the customers.
03 I am sad and disappointed to those ordered foods
from fake customers or unidentified customers.

Thank you for your cooperation! God Bless You!

Respectfully yours,
Researcher/s

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