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02 - Basic Operations in Force Systems

The document discusses basic concepts in statics including equivalence of vectors, types of forces, components of forces, and methods for analyzing systems of concurrent forces by resolving them into rectangular components and determining the single equivalent resultant force. It also provides examples of how to use these concepts to solve problems involving determining resultant forces given multiple acting forces.

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Sophia Althea Saavedra
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46 views14 pages

02 - Basic Operations in Force Systems

The document discusses basic concepts in statics including equivalence of vectors, types of forces, components of forces, and methods for analyzing systems of concurrent forces by resolving them into rectangular components and determining the single equivalent resultant force. It also provides examples of how to use these concepts to solve problems involving determining resultant forces given multiple acting forces.

Uploaded by

Sophia Althea Saavedra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering

Mechanics:
Statics
Basic Operations to Force Systems

Prep by: Engr. Buluran


Equivalence of Vectors

• Two vectors that have the same magnitude and


direction are said to be equal.
• In mechanics, equivalence implies
interchangeability. From the viewpoint of
equivalence, vectors representing physical
quantities are classified into three types:
1. Fixed Vectors
2. Sliding Vectors
3. Free Vectors
Force

• Force is the term assigned to


mechanical interaction between
bodies. Contact Forces are
distributed over a surface area of the
body. When the area is so small that
it may be approximated by a point
the force is said to be a
Concentrated load.
• Force is a fixed vector. The major factor is the
point of application.
a) The bar is under tension and will elongate.
b) The bar is placed in compression resulting
into its shortening.
c) Produces no deformation

• If the bar is rigid, there will be no observable


difference in the behavior of the three bars.

• In rigid body mechanics, we are interested


only in the external effects. The force CAN BE
treated as a SLIDING VECTOR.
Components of a Force

• Any two or more vectors whose sum is


equal to a certain vector V are said to be
the components of that vector.

• It is usually most convenient to deal with


vector components which are mutually
perpendicular these are called
rectangular components.
• Rectangular Components
In terms of unit vectors i and j, we may write: F = Fxi + Fyj
Reduction of Concurrent Forces

This analysis of a system of


concurrent forces will convert it
into a single equivalent force.

Sign Convention:
Upward and to the Right Forces
are POSITIVE
Downward and to the Left Forces
are NEGATIVE
• Once these components are established, the resultant force can be
determined from vector addition.
Sample Problem

• Determine the resultant of the three concurrent forces shown.


• The force R is the resultant of the forces
P1, P2, and P3 acting on the rectangular
plate. Fine P1 and P2 if R = 40 kN and P3
= 20 kN.
• Knowing that the two forces P and Q
are equivalent to a single Force R
that passes through point A,
Determine P and R.
References

1 2
Engineering Mechanics: Engineering Mechanics:
Statics by R. Hibbeler Statics and Dynamics by F.
Singer
Classwork 01
The two forces are equivalent to a force R that has a line of
action passing through point A. Determine R and the distance x.
• Determine the resultant force and direction of the force system shown
below.

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