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Sheet#3 - System of Linear Equations

This document contains solutions to 5 problems involving systems of linear equations. Problem 1 involves minimizing the cost of mixing gasoline types to meet octane and pressure requirements. The minimum cost is $630 by using 1000L of regular gasoline, 1000L of premium gasoline and 0L of super gasoline. Problem 2 involves mixing gasoline types to obtain 1000L at $0.60/L cost. The solution is 375L of regular and 625L of unleaded gasoline. Problem 3 involves investing amounts to obtain $4000 interest from bonds with different interest rates. The solution is investing $20,000 in Acme bonds and $30,000 in Star bonds. Problem 4 checks if making a pellet mixture of 45 pellets at $

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168 views6 pages

Sheet#3 - System of Linear Equations

This document contains solutions to 5 problems involving systems of linear equations. Problem 1 involves minimizing the cost of mixing gasoline types to meet octane and pressure requirements. The minimum cost is $630 by using 1000L of regular gasoline, 1000L of premium gasoline and 0L of super gasoline. Problem 2 involves mixing gasoline types to obtain 1000L at $0.60/L cost. The solution is 375L of regular and 625L of unleaded gasoline. Problem 3 involves investing amounts to obtain $4000 interest from bonds with different interest rates. The solution is investing $20,000 in Acme bonds and $30,000 in Star bonds. Problem 4 checks if making a pellet mixture of 45 pellets at $

Uploaded by

Muhammad Rakib
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sheet#3

System of Linear Equations


Problem-1: A gasoline company wants to provide a customer with
2000 liters of 85 octane gasoline with a vapor pressure index of
25. To do this, the supplier must mix three kinds of gasoline to
form an appropriate mixture at a minimum cost. Regular
unleaded gasoline costs $0.30 per liter and has an octane rating of
80 with a vapor pressure index of 30. Premium unleaded gasoline
costs $0.33 per liter with an octane rating of 90 and a vapor
pressure index of 20. Super unleaded gasoline costs $0.40 per liter
and has an octane rating of 100 with a vapor pressure index of 10.
What amount of each gasoline should be mixed?

Solution: Let, the number of liters of regular gasoline is = 𝑥,


the number of liters of premium gasoline = 𝑦 and the number of liters
of super gasoline = 𝑧.
So, the cost function 𝐶  𝑖𝑠,  𝐶 = 0.30𝑥 + 0.33𝑦 + 0.40𝑧 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (∗)
The first condition to be satisfied is that the mixture contain precisely
2,000 liters so,
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (1)
The second condition to be satisfied is that the octane rating be 85 so,
80𝑥 + 90𝑦 + 100𝑧 = (85)(2,000)
Or dividing by 10,
8𝑥 + 9𝑦 + 10𝑧 = 17,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (2)
The third condition to be satisfied is that the vapor pressure index be
25 so,

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   1  
30𝑥 + 20𝑦 + 10𝑧 = (25)(2,000)
Or dividing by 10,
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (3)
Eliminating 𝑧 from 1 , 2 and(3)  we get,
10×(1) − (2) ⟹ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (4)
(1) − (3) ⟹ 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (5)
Since 4  and   5  are  same, the system has unlimited number of
solutions and one variable (either 𝑥 or 𝑦) need to consider as
arbitrary.
Let 𝑥 arbitrary, so we have from (4), 𝑦 = 3,000 − 2𝑥
Putting the value of 𝑦 in 1 , 𝑧 = 2000 − 3000 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥
⟹ 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 1000.

Thus, the general solution is:


𝑥    arbitrary
𝑦 = 3,000 − 2𝑥,
𝑧 = 𝑥 − 1000.
Since, 𝑥, 𝑦  and  𝑧  cannot be negative, so the required general solution
is 1,000 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1,500
𝑦 = 3,000 − 2𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑥 − 1,000
So, the cost function (*) becomes:
𝐶 = 0.30𝑥 + 0.33 3,000 − 2𝑥 + 0.40 𝑥 − 1,000
       = 0.30𝑥 + 990 − 0.66𝑥 + 0.40𝑥 − 400

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   2  
∴ 𝐶 = 0.04𝑥 + 590, which indicates that the cost increases when 𝑥
increases.

So, in order to minimize cost, we should use the lowest possible value
of 𝑥. Since, 𝑥 is arbitrary in the range 1,000 to 1,500, we choose
𝑥 = 1,000 and compute the corresponding values of 𝑦  and  𝑧.
Therefore, 𝑥 = 1,000 liters of regular unleaded gasoline
𝑦 = 1,000 liters of premium unleaded gasoline
𝑧 = 0 liters of super unleaded gasoline
So, the minimum cost is  = 0.04 1,000 + 590 = $630
Answer. 1,000 liters of regular unleaded gasoline, 1,000 liters of premium unleaded gasoline
and 0 liters of super unleaded gasoline. The minimum cost is $630

Problem-2: If 𝒙 liters of regular gasoline, which costs $𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 per


liter, are to be mixed with y liters of regular unleaded gasoline, at
$𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 per liter, to obtain 1,000 liters of mixture worth (cost)
$0.60 per liter, how much of each gasoline should be used?
 
Solution:  According to the question, we have the following linear
system:
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (1)
0.50𝑥 + 0.66𝑦 = 600 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (2)

From equation (1), we have: 𝑦 = 1,000 − 𝑥 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (3)

Putting the value of 𝑦 from equation (3) in equation (2), we get


0.50𝑥 + 0.66 1,000 − 𝑥 = 600
⟹ 0.50𝑥 + 660 − 0.66𝑥 = 600
⟹ −0.16𝑥 = 600 − 660
⟹ −0.16𝑥 = −60

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   3  
!!" !" !"""
⟹ 𝑥 =   = = ∴ 𝑥 = 375 liters
!!.!" !.!" !"

Putting value of 𝑥 in equation (3), 𝑦 = 1000 − 375, ∴ 𝑦 = 625 liters


Therefore, 375 liters of regular and 625 liters of regular unleaded
gasoline should be used.

Answer.  375  liters  of  regular  and  625  liters  of  regular  unleaded  gasoline  should  be  used  
Problem-3: We plan to invest 𝒙 dollars in Acme Company bonds,
which pay 6.5 percent interest, and 𝒚 dollars in Star Company
bonds, which pay 9 percent interest. If $50,000 is to be invested
and we require that $4000 interest be received, how much should
be invested in each bond?
 

Solution:  We have the investment in Acme Company bonds = $𝑥


and the investment in Star Company bonds = $𝑦
Interest on Acme’s bond for $𝑥 investment is = $ (𝑥 x 6.5%) = $ (𝑥 x
0.065) = $ 0.065𝑥
Interest on Star’s bond for $𝑦 investment is = $ (𝑦 x 9%) = $ (𝑦 x
0.09) = $ 0.09𝑦
Therefore, according to the question,
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (1)
0.065𝑥 + 0.09𝑦 = 4,000 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (2)
From equation (1), 𝑦 = 50,000 − 𝑥 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (3)
Putting equation (3) in equation (2), we have
⟹ 0.065𝑥 + 0.09 50,000 − 𝑥 = 4,000
⟹ 0.065𝑥 + 4500 − 0.09𝑥 = 4,000
⟹ −0.025𝑥 = 4,000 − 4,500
⟹ −0.025𝑥 = −500
!!""
⟹𝑥= ∴ 𝑥 = $20,000.
!!.!"#
Putting the value of 𝑥 in equation (3),

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   4  
⟹ 𝑦 = 50,000 − 20,000 ∴ 𝑦 = $30,000.
Thus, the investment should be $20,000 in the Acme Company bonds
and $30,000 in the Star Company bonds.
Answer.  Invest  $20,000  in  Acme  and  $30,000  in  Star.  
Problem-4: A mixture of pellets is to be made containing 𝒙
regular pellets, 𝒚 large pellets and 𝒛 extra large pellets. Cost,
weight and volume data for each type of pellet are shown in the
table. Is it possible to make mixture of 45 pellets at a cost of 85
cents if the mixture is to have 120 weight units and 130 volume
units? If so, how many each type of pellet should be in the
mixture?
Pellet Type Number of Cost per Weight Volume
Pellets Pellet in Units per Units per
Cents Pellet Pellet
Regular 𝒙 2 1 4
Large 𝒚 3 2 2
Extra large 𝒛 1 4 3

Solution: According to the question we have

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 85 … … … … … … … . 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 120 … … … … … … … (2)
4𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 130 … … … … … … … 3

We need to check whether the solution of (1), (2) and (3) satisfies
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 45 or not.

Now, 2×(2) - (1) implies: 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 8𝑧 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = 240 − 85


⟹ 𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 155 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (4)

Again, 2×(1) – (3) implies: 4𝑦 − 𝑧 = 40 ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ (5)

Now, (4) +7 × (5) implies: 29𝑦 = 435 ⟹ 𝑦 = 15  pellets.

Putting the value of 𝑦 in (4) we get, 𝑧 = 20  pellets.

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   5  
Putting the values of 𝑦 and 𝑧 in (1) we get, 𝑥 = 10  pellets.

Since, the solution of (1), (2) and (3) satisfies 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 45.


Thus, it is possible to make a mixture of 45 pellets.

Therefore, in the mixture, there should be 10 regular pellets, 15 large


pellets and 20 extra large pellets.

Answer.  𝑥 = 10  pellets, 𝑦 = 15  pellets  and  𝑧 = 20  pellets.    

Problem-5: The table shows the numbers of hours require in each


of three departments to make a unit of various products named
A, B, and C. For example, product B required 1 hour of time in
Department I, 3 hours in Department II and 7 hours in
Department III.
Hours Required per unit of product
Department A B C
I 1 1 9
II 1 3 7
III 2 7 13

(a) Find the numbers of units of A, B and C that could be made if


Department I has 75 hours available, Department II has 65 hours
available and Department III has 125 hours available.
(b) If profits per unit of A, B and C are, respectively, $20, $30 and
$40, what is the maximum profit and the composition of the
maximum-profit combination of outputs?
Answer.  (a)  𝑧  units  of  C,  5 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 8;  𝑥  units  of  A,  where  𝑥 = 80 − 10𝑧;  and  𝑦  units  of  B,  
where  𝑦 = 𝑧 − 5.  
(b)  Maximum  profit  =  $800.  And  the  composition  of  the  maximum-­‐profit  combination  of  
outputs  are  30  units  of  A,  no  B  and  5  units  of  C.    

Solved  by  Dr.  Mohammad  Osman  Gani,  Professor,  Dept.  of  Mathematics,  Jahangirnagar  University   6  

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