Republic of the Philippines

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION

Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Initial of Board Examiner: Rating per item:

Initial of Computer _______ I ________ V ________

Initial of Checkers _______ II ________ VI ________
III ________ VII________
IV ________ VIII_______

Total ____________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Monday, July 11, 1983, 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon

AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT
I. Given is an internal combustion reciprocating engine. Determine the following

a.) Compression ratio if clearance volume is 20-cm 3 and piston displacement is 110cm3.

b.) Number of cycles per second for a 6-cylinder, 4 stroke cycle engine at 1200 RPM.

c.) Ratio of the volume of a mixture taken in during the intake stroke to the volume occupied by
the mixture at the end of the intake expressed in terms of compression ratio ( r ).

II. A 4-stroke cycle, single cylinder, reciprocating engine has a stroke of 12 cm. a bore diameter of
10 cm, and compression ratio of 6.

a.) Piston displacement (cm3)

b.) Clearance volume (cm3)
c.) Distance (cm) of piston axis to crankshaft axis when the piston is at mid-stroke
position.

III. A. Given two (2) methods of thrust augmentation in a gas turbine

b. The fuel in a gas turbine is 6 kg/min. and the fuel-air ratio is 0.020. Solve for the airflow
(kg/min.).
c. Given is a turbo jet engine with flight velocity of 300 meters/sec, and exhaust gas exit
velocity of 700 meter/sec. Neglect fuel, calculate the propulsive efficiency.

IV. A single cylinder, 4-stroke cycle, reciprocating engine on a constant volume air cycle has the
following specifications:
Intake pressure = 15 psia
Temperature = 15ºC
Engine Speed = 800 RPM
Compression ratio = 6
Length of stroke = diameter of bore
Cylinder contains 0.01 lb. of air
Heat added during constant volume combustion = 10 RTU/cycle
Required: (a) Power output of engine (kw)
(b) Length of stroke (cm)
 V

Given is a single-cylinder, 4-stroke cycle, reciprocating engine operating on a constant

volume air cycle:
Intake pressure = 15 psia
Intake temperature = 15ºC
Temperature at end of compression = 600ºF

When the piston is at quarter-stroke position before top dead center during compression;
Find: (a) Pressure (Newton/cm2abs)
(b) Temperature (ºC)

VI

For a gas turbine, the maximum cycle temperature is T 3, the compressor outlet temperature is T2, the
average specific heat of the gas (burned fuel and air) at constant pressure is Cpg, and the heating
value of fuel is HV.

a.) Derive an equation for the fuel-air ratio F expressed in terms of

T3, T2, Cpg, and HV

b.) When T3 = 837.8ºC, T2 = 243.3ºC, Cp = 0.28 BTU/lbºF, and HV = 1800

BTU/lb, solve for the fuel-air ratio

VII

A flight test of a turbo jet engine gave the following data:

Air Flow = 100 lb/sec
Enthalpies:

Air entering the inlet = 125 BTU/lb

Gas leaving the tail pipe = 290 BTU/lb
(at atmospheric pressure)
Total Enthalpies:
Compressor inlet = 135 BTU/lb
Compressor outlet = 205 BTU/lb
Turbine inlet = 425 BTU/lb
Turbine outlet = 325 BTU/lb
Heating value of fuel = 1800 BTU/lb
Consider fuel flow
Required:
a.) Fuel Flow
b.) thrust (Nektons)

VIII

An airplane powered by a turbojet engine is flying at 885 km/hr at sea level standard condition. Air
inlet duct with entrance opening of 0.15 meter 2 has a diffuser efficiency of 86%. Velocity of air at the
compressor entrance is 330 km/hr. The compressor has a pressure ratio of 4 and efficiency of 80%.
Turbine efficiency is 75%. Assume that the specific heat of air is constant and the change of kinetic
energy of air is negligible in the compressor. Calculate the power (kw) supplied by the turbine to the
compressor.

***** END *****

SUBMIT THE QUESTIONNAIRES WITH YOUR ANSWER SHEETS.

 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
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Initial of the Board Examiner who gave Rating per Item:

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Total - _____________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 NOON

Wednesday, July 11, 1984

AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT

I. Choose the correct answer:

a. A four-stroke cycle, compression-ignition, reciprocating, internal combustion engine operates

on (1) Otto cycle; (2) Diesel cycle (3) Carnot cycle (4) Brayton cycle
(5) Ranking cycle (6) Dual cycle.

b. A two-stroke, spark-ignition reciprocating, internal combustion engine operators on

(1) Otto cycle (2) Diesel cycle (3) Carnot cycle (4) Brayton cycle (5) Dual cycle.

c. A turbojet engine operators on (1) Otto cycle (2) diesel cycle (3) Carnot cycle (4)
Brayton cycle (5) Ranking cycle (6) Dual cycle

d. A turboprop engine operates on (1) Otto cycle (2) diesel cycle (3) Carnot cycle (4)
Brayton cycle (5) Ranking cycle (6) Dual cycle.

II.

a. Name the four (4) strokes in successive order of a four-stroke cycle, reciprocating, internal
combustion engine.

b. Identify the part of an internal combustion piston engine whose motion includes both reciprocating
and rotating motions.

c. In gas turbine operation, what is the engine component that receives energy from the products of
combustion and converts this energy to mechanical power?
d. Give the name of the device sometimes installed to a gas turbine that produces thrust by utilizing
the operating principle of a ramjet engine.

III.

a. A single-cylinder, reciprocating, internal combustion engine has a stroke of 10 inches, a bore

diameter of 8 inches and a compression ratio of 7. Solve for the clearance volume (centimeters).

b. An aircraft powered by a gas turbine has an engine air flow rate of 96.60 lbs. per second and a
flight speed of 700 kilometers per hour at sea level standard condition. The exhaust gas leaves
 the engine at a velocity of 1,600 kilometers per hour and at atmosphere pressure. Neglecting
fuel, determine the net thrust (Newton) of the engine.

IV

A rocket device in flight at sea level burns its propellant at the rate of 15 lbs. per second. The
exhaust gas exit velocity is 1,000 meters per second and the exhaust gas exit pressure is equal to
atmospheric pressure. At this instant, the device develops 2,500 thrust horsepower. Calculate:

a. Thrust (Newton)
b. Flight speed (kilometers per hour)

A gas confined in a cylinder with an initial pressure of 104, 80 lbs. per inch 2 absolute and a
volume of 0.50 ft3 does work of 5,000 ft. lbs. on a piston. If the path of the process is described by
the relation p V2 is constant, determine:

a. Final volume (meter3)

b. Final pressure (kilopascal absolute)

VI

An engine with piston displacement of 0.10 ft 3 operates on a four-stroke, constant volume, air
cycle. At intake, the cylinder gas has a pressure of 15 lbs per inch 2 absolute and a temperature of 80
degrees Fahrenheit at the end of compression and 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit when the piston is
located at mid-stroke position during expansion.

Solve for: a. Compression ratio

b. Work output (Joules per cycle)

VII

A turbojet engine is on a test flight. Engine air mass flow is 44 kilogram mass per second.
The exhaust gas has an exit velocity of 610 meters per second and exit pressure equal to
atmospheric pressure. Thrust specific fuel consumption and break specific fuel consumption are 1.80
lbs. fuel per hour per lb. thrust and 1.20 lbs. per hour per thp, respectively. Heating value fuel is
18,000 BTU per lb. Consider fuel.

Calculate: a. propulsive efficiency

b. Overall efficiency

* * * * * END * * * * *
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
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Board Examiner _______________ Rating per Item:

I - _________________
Computer _______________ II - _________________
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V - _________________

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AERONAUTICAL LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M.

Tuesday, July 9, 1985

NOTE: Keep your test papers clean and neat as you will not be given any extra questionnaire nor
special sheet to replace your soiled copies.

AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT

I. Fill the blanks with the correct answers:

a. In the operation of a single-cylinder reciprocating engine, the piston pin and the
crank pin are farthest from each other when the piston is located at
The ___________.

b. The three quantities used in computing for the power generated by piston engines are the
mean effective pressure the total number of cycles per unit tine
and the __________.

c. One type of propulsion system that produces the required thrust due to the
combined action of the propeller and the exhaust gas jet is the _______________.

d. A ram jet engine is sometimes referred to as an ATHODYD. This term literally means
_______________.

e. One type of jet propulsion system that is capable of operating within or outside the
earth’s atmosphere and used in the U.S. Apollo Space Program as the main power system is
the _______________.

II. Given is the two-cylinder piston engine with a stroke of 10 inches, a bore diameter of 8 inches,
and a connecting rod-to crank arm ratio of four.

Solve for: a. Crank arm radius (centimeters)

b. Connecting rod length (centimeters)

III. The turbo jet engine of an airplane in flight at 600 ft. per second consumes 50 lbs. of air per
second and 120 lbs. of fuel per minute. The exhaust gas leaves the engine tailpipe at a velocity
of 1,800 feet per second at atmospheric pressure.
Calculate: a. Engine fuel-air ratio
 b. Engine thrust (Newton’s)

IV. An airplane having a weight of 1.875 kg. Force and a lift-to-drag ratio of 12.5 is at level flight
with a constant speed of 70 meters per second. it is powered by a six-cylinder, a four-stroke
cycle, and 1,800 revolutions per minute, piston engine utilizing a propeller with 80 percent
efficiency. The engine brake mean effective pressure is 120 lbs. per square inch, while the
length of the stroke and the diameter of the bore in each cylinder are equal.

Determine: a. Engine brake power (kilowatts)

b. Cylinder bore diameter (centimeters)

V. In an aircraft gas turbine with a compressor pressure ratio of 6.75 airs at standard sea level is
decelerated from south speed of 760 miles per hour to 300 miles per hour through the air intake
duct with 85 percent ram. Assume isentropic flow conditions.

* * * * * * * * * * END * * * * * * * * * *
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Board Examiner _______________ Rating per Item:

I - _________________
Computer _______________ II - _________________
III - _________________
Checker _______________
Total - _________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M.

NOTE: You will not be given any extra test papers to replace your soiled copies. It is your
concern to keep your test papers neat and clean.

AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT

Choose the correct answer for each of the following:

a. Which of the following is not one of the four-stroke cycle reciprocating engine: (1) intake
(2) Compression (3) ignition (4) expansion (5) exhaust

b. For a piston engine, the ratio of he brake horsepower to the indicated horsepower is (1)
propulsive efficiency (2) ram efficiency (3) thermal efficiency (4) volumetric efficiency (5)
mechanical efficiency

c. That section of an aircraft gas turbine whose function is to raise the value of pressure of the air
through the engine to the required value before mixing the air with fuel is (1) air inlet section (2)
compressor section (3) combustion section (4) turbine section (5) exhaust section

d. The section of an aircraft gas turbine whose function is to transform the chemical energy in the
fuel to heat energy is (1) air inlet section (2) compression section (3) combustion section (4)
turbine section (5) exhaust section

e. A mechanical devise is used in an aircraft reciprocating engine to increase the manifold pressure
above the pressure of the atmosphere so as to provide high power output for take-off and to
sustain the maximum power at high altitudes. This device is known as (1) afterburner (2) booster
pump (3) supercharger (4) generator (5) accelerator

f. For a turbojet engine with flight velocity of 310 kilometers per hour and exhaust gas jet velocity
with fuel considered negligible is (1) 58 percent (2) 60 percent (3) 62 percent (4) 64 percent (5) 66
percent

g. In a piston engine operating on a constant-volume air-cycle approximation with a compression

ratio of six, the thermal efficiency is (1) 42 percent (2) 46 percent (3) 51 percent (4) 59 percent (5)
65 percent

h. For a rocket to develop a thrust of 10,000 newtons, the 19.2-lb propellant consumed by the
rocket per second must generate an exhaust gas jet velocity at atmospheric pressure of (1) 880
 meters per second (2) 1,150 meters per second (3) 1,390 meters per second (4) 1,540 meters
per second (5) 1,710 meters per second

II

A single-cylinder, four-stroke cycle, reciprocating engine develops 150 brake horse power with a
brake mean effective pressure of 110 lbs per square inch absolute and an engine speed of 1800
revolution per minute. The length of the stroke and the diameter of the bore in the cylinder are equal.

Solve for: a. Brake power (kilowatts)

b. Piston displacement (cubic centimeters)

III

Given is a turboprop engine under test flight. The engine air flow rate is 444 newtons per second. Air
enters the engine with a temperature of 89 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of 17.3 lbs per square
inch absolute and the leaves the same compressor with a temperature of 690 degrees Fahrenheit
and a pressure of 173 lbs. per square inch absolute. The average specific heat at contact pressure
of air through the compressor id 0.243 BTU per lbs. per degrees Fahrenheit, while the average
specific heat at constant pressure of gas (burned fuel-air mixture) in the combustion chamber is 0.29
BTU per lbs. per degrees Fahrenheit. the maximum temperature of the engine cycle is 1940 degrees
Fahrenheit. Heating value of fuel is 18,000 BTU per lb.

Calculate: a. Compressor pressure ratio

b. Compressor efficiency

c. Engine fuel consumption (kilogram force per minute)

* * * * * *END* * * * *
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Board Examiner _______________ Rating per Item:

I - _________________
Computer _______________ II - _________________
III - _________________
Checker _______________
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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M.

Tuesday, July 7, 1987

NOTE: You will not be given any extra test papers to replace your soiled copies. It is your
concern to keep your test papers neat and clean.

AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT

If 2 kg/sec of gas are compressed isothermally from P1 = 103.42 kilo Pascal absolute (kPaa), t1 =
303ºC to p2 = 517.11 kilo Pascal absolute (kPaa), find Q, W, and  s if process is:

a. Non-flow
b. Steady-state, steady-flow,  P = 0,  K = 0
Given R = 8.3143 kj/kg mole-K

II

A car whose mass is 2 metric tons is accelerated uniformly from standstill to 100 kph in 5 sec. Find
the mass in pounds; the acceleration; the driving force in Newton’s; and the distance traveled.

III

Determine the force necessary to change the velocity of 100 lb. of mass airflow per second from 600
ft. per sec to 800 ft. per sec.

IV

1. Give four (4) factors affecting Thrust for a Piston engine

2. Give four (4) quantities that must be known in order to evaluate the gross Thrust for a Turbojet
engine.
V

1. Draw the PV diagram of a four-stroke cycle engine and identify the different strokes.
2. Give the metric units of measure and the corresponding abbreviations of the following
thermodynamic properties of a substance;
a. Pressure e. Internal Energy
b. Specific Volume f. Entropy
c. Density
d. Temperature
 --- END ---

Republic of the Philippines

PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Board Examiner _______________ Rating per Item:

I - _________________
Computer _______________ II - _________________
III - _________________
Checker _______________
Total - _________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M.

Tuesday, July 7, 1987

NOTE: You will not be given any extra test papers to replace your soiled copies. It is your
concern to keep your test papers neat and clean.

AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT

1. Define the following:

a. rated power
b. mechanical efficiency
c. friction horsepower
d. compression ratio
e. vertical altitude

2. An airplane weighing 6440 lbs. has a velocity of 208 mph. Find the kinetic energy?

3. There are required 203.4 N-M of work to stretch a spring 7.62 cm from its free length. Find the
spring constant KS.

4. Describe the events that occur in a 4 stroke cycle of a conventional piston cylinder engine.

5. Draw an indicator card of a conventional supercharged engine and label the

P1 = 13 lbs/in2 ; P2 = 100 lbs/ in2 ; P3 = 450 lbs/ in2 ; P4 = 671 lbs/ in2.

6. A missile using a rocket engine in flight at sea level burns its propellant at the rate of 15 lbs/sec.
The exhaust gas exit velocity is 3,820 fps, pressure is equal to ambient, and at this instant the
rocket develops 2,500 lbs thrust horsepower. Assume level flight.
Calculate:
a. Thrust
b. Flight Velocity

7. An aircraft gas turbine with a compressor pressure ratio of 6.75 air at standard sea level is
decelerated from sonic speed of 760 mph to 300 mph through the air intake duct with 55% ram
efficiency. Assume isotropic flow conditions.
Determine:
a. Ram compressor ratio
b. Maximum cycle pressure
8. What is the cylinder maximum pressure of a conventional supercharged engine having a
compression ratio of 5 and the pressure and of the power stroke is 65 lbs/in 2.

9. An airplane attains 140 mph with an engine of 300 bhp operating at 2,700 rpm. Find the
propeller diameter.

10. A turbo jet is installed in an aircraft being checked statically at sea level. Inlet duct recovery at
95% compressor pressure ratio of 2.54 air enters at the engine inlet duct at a velocity of 1,950
FPS, without exhaust losses. The following are the data obtained from the instruments.

Barometer - 30.43 inches Hg (Absolute)

Ambient air temperature - 42ºF
Mass flow of air - 50 lb/sec
Fuel Flow - 5,140 lbs/hr.
Heating Value - 10,000 BTU /lb.

Determine;

a. Maximum temperature
b. Work by the compressor to the air

-------END ------
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
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Board Examiner _______________ Rating per Item:

I - _________________
Computer _______________ II - _________________
III - _________________
Checker _______________
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AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION 8:00 A.M. - 12:00 P.M.

Wednesday, July 5, 1989

NOTE: You will not be given any extra test papers to replace your soiled copies. It is your
concern to keep your test papers neat and clean.

AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT

1. Draw, label the schematic diagram of a turbojet engine and discuss the air
process thru it.

2. Enumerate the functions of the four (40 major parts of a gas turbine engine.
Discuss each part.

3. Enumerate the parts of a piston engine regardless of type or configuration.

4. For a gas turbine, the max cycle temperature is T3; the compressor outlet
temperature is T2. The average specific heat of the gas at constant pressure in Cp. and the heating
value of fuel is Hv. Derive on equation for the air-fuel ratio expressed in terms of T2, T3, Hv and Cp.

5. The Lycoming engine has the following data:

4 stroke cycle engine
No. of cylinders - 6
Cylinder bore - 6.3 inches
Piston stroke - 7.48 inches
Piston displacement - 1498.2 cubic inches
Connecting rod - Crank arm ratio ( L) - 2.35
Brake HP - 275HP D
Engine speed - 2850 RPM
Weight of reciprocating parts - 0.582 lbs.
Determine (a) the resultant force where the total net force on the piston is 3.712 lbs. and (b)
the torque force at 138º crank travel.

6. How much heat energy is added to the air in turbojet engine combustion if 0.02
lbs. of fuel is consumed per lb. of air processed. The heating value of fuel is 19,000 BTU/lb. Assume
combustion efficiency of 90%.

7. A continental A-40 engine has a speed of 2200 rpm. The piston is traveling at the
rate of 4.70 in/sec and the crank travel at 128.5 degrees. Determine (a) corresponding time in sec.
(b) Angular velocity of the master rod piston.
 8. An aircraft gas turbine engine with a compressor pressure ratio of 3.55 utilizes 65
lbs/sec. air which enters the engine inlet at a velocity of 900 MPH at a pressure of 2116 psfa. The
inlet diffuser has all efficiency of 95%. What is the combustion pressure?

9. (a) The density of air at standard condition is 0.0765 lbs./ft 3. What is the density of
air at 5 psia and 600ºR.

(b) Ten cubic meters of carbon dioxide at 27ºC and 138 Kpa abs. were
compressed isothermally to 2 cubic meters. What is the resulting pressure?

10. A 6-cylinder Pratt & Whitney piston engine has a cylinder bore of 0.51 ft. What
would be the overall engine displacement if the distance between the top dead center and the
bottom dead center is 18.034 cm?

Given:
Cyl bore - 0.51 ft.
Stroke - 18.034 cm
No. of cyl - 6

**********END**********
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Initial of Board Examiner: Rating per item:

Initial of Computer _______ I ________ V ________

Initial of Checkers _______ II ________ VI ________
III ________ VII________
IV ________ VIII_______

Total ____________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Monday, July 11, 1983, 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 noons

AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT
I. Select the number corresponding to the best answer.
A. Basically, the power is a function of force, time and
1. a constant
2. drag
3. distance
4. propeller efficiency
5. none of the above
B. Brakes mean effective pressure (bmep) is widely used as a means of expressing
1. torque input
2. specific pressure output
3. engine brake input
4. specific power output
5. none of the above
of reciprocating engines.
C. The turbine is designed to extract a part of the energy in the combustion gases just
sufficient to produce power needed to drive the air compressor and the accessories, and as much as
possible of the remaining energy is used to produce
1. a high-speed turbine compression
2. a high-velocity exhaust gas jet
3. a thrust for reverses
4. gas jets to drive the last stage of compression
5. none of the above
D. In a ramjet of “flying stove pipe”, compression is obtained by utilizing the forward
motion of the aircraft to produce:
1. dynamic pressure
2. intake air
3. equivalent turbo-charge air
4. thrust forces
5. none of the above
in the diverging inlet section of the engine
II. Select the number corresponding to the best answer.
 A. Cruising economy, using a prescribe fuel, is heavily dependent upon the proper
combination of engine variables; namely;

1. RPM, BHP, and BMEP 4. RPM and leaned fuel-air ratio

2. RPM and BMEP 5. Fuel-air ratio and BMEP
3. BMEP and BHP

B. The rather rapid reaction between a fuel and oxygen which results in the liberation of
chemical energy is called
1. reaction process
2. detonation process
3. knock process
4. combustion process
5. pre-ignition process

C. The first of thermo dynamics states that one form of energy may
1. be converted into another
2. neither be created nor destroyed
3. not conform to simple perfect gas laws
4. absorb of releaser heat
5. none of the above

D. Energy is the capacity, either latent or apparent, to exert a force through

1. a resistance
2. a distance
3. a liquid (water or air)
4. an incline
5. none of the above

III. Select the number corresponding to the best answer

A. All matter has energy arising from the motion and from the configurations of its
internal particles, such energy is called:
1. kinetic energy
2. potential energy
3. internal energy
4. external energy
5. none of the above

B. The internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of:

1. pressure alone
2. volume alone
3. altitude alone
4. temperature alone
5. none of the above

C. A thermo dynamic cycle is a sequence of processes that eventually returns the

working substance to its
1. original pressure
2. original state
3. original temperature
4. original volume
5. none of the above

D. In engineering, an open system of constant mass is called a steady-flow system if all

events at the boundaries are unaffected by:
1. pressure
2. temperature
 3. volume
4. time
5. none of the above

IV. Select the number corresponding the best answer.

A. The thrust produced by a turbojet engine is all developed

1. at the engine nozzle
2. from the unbalanced forces and momentum created within the engine itself
3. at the initial stage of compression
4. when the igniter functions
5. when fuel is injected in the combustion chamber
B. If an aircraft turbine engine uses only the thrust developed within the engine to
produce its propulsive force, such engine is known as:
1. turbojet
2. turbofan or fan-jet
3. propjet
4. turboprop
5. free turbine

C. If a gas flow is led through a convergent passage, there will be an increase in velocity
resulting in a drop in static pressure, and a decrease in density and Temperature. For continues flow
process, as is the gas turbine cycle, this is referred to as:
1. an expansion
2. compression
3. diffusion
4. convergence
5. none of the above

D. A divergent results in decrease velocity and increased pressure, density and

temperature and is the corresponding;
1. diffusion or compression process
2. stagnation process
3. reversible process
4. irreversible constant volume process
5. none of the above

V. What is the specific gas constant, “R”, for air at sea level atmospheric standards, given the
following conditions:

Temperature = 59ºF (519º absolute)

Pressure = 2116 lb/ft2

The weight of one (1) cu. ft. of air under these conditions is 0.07651 lb.

VI. It is desired to design a 5-cylinder engine with a stroke-bore ratio of 1.2. The piston
displacement per cylinder is 85 cu. in. Determine the:

A. bore diameter of each cylinder in mm.

B. length of the stroke in mm.

VII. Determine the maximum brake horsepower required at sea level for an aircraft given the
following data:

CD = 0.010

Wing Area, S = 200 sq. ft.

Vmax = 135 mph

Propeller efficiency = 82%

VIII. Determine the axial thrust, in kilograms, of a jet engine given the following data:

At inlet:

Area, A1 = 8 sq. in.

Pressure P1 = 3 psi
Mass flow = 4 lbs/sec.
Velocity, V1 = 32 ft/sec

At exit:

Are, A2 = 12 sq. in.

Pressure, P2 = 3 psi
Mass flow = 4 lbs/sec
Velocity, V2 = 64 ft/sec

IX. An airliner cruises at an airspeed of 400 mph and operates at brake specific fuel consumption
(bsfc) of 0.52 lb. of 60º API gravity avgas per hour per bhp. It’s propeller efficiency is 83 percent.
Determine the thrust horsepower efficiency. Assume a fuel heating value of 20,000 BTU/lb.

* * * * * * * * * * END * * * * * * * * * *
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Initial of Board Examiner: Rating per item:

Initial of Computer _______ I ________ V ________

Initial of Checkers _______ II ________ VI ________
III ________ VII________
IV ________ VIII_______

Total ____________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Thursday, July 4, 1991, 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon

AIRCRAFT POWERPLANT
I. Select the number corresponding to the best answer.

A. A thermodynamic system is defined as

1. a quantity of matter of fixed mass and identity
2. mass, temperature, and pressure
3. mass flow
4. none of the above

B. Each of the properties of a substance in a given state has only one definite value,
and these properties always have the same value for a given state,
1. depending upon pressure and temperature
2. depending upon volume and pressure
3. regardless of how the substance arrived at that state
4. none of the above

C. Pressure, temperature, and density are examples of intensive thermodynamic

properties. Mass and total volume are examples of:
1. proprietary properties
2. extensive properties
3. proprietary and intensive properties
4. extensive and proprietary properties

D. the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics states that when two bodies have equality of
temperature with a third body, they in turn have with each other.
1. equality of pressure
2. equality of volume
3. equality of volume and pressure
4. equality of temperature

III. Select the number corresponding to the best answer.

A. A pure substance is one that has a

1. homogeneous and invariable chemical composition
 2. a fixed chemical composition
3. a homogeneous chemical composition
4. a fixed chemical substance

B. The term “saturation temperature” designates the temperature at which vaporization

takes place at a given pressure, and this pressure, is called the saturation pressure.

1. for the given temperature

2. for the given volume
3. for the given state
4. none of the above

C. The first law of thermodynamics states that during any cycle a system undergoes, the
cyclic integral of the heat is
1. equal to the work required
2. directly proportional to the temperature and volume
3. proportional to the cyclic integral of the work
4. proportional to the cyclic integral of the pressure and volume

D. The second law of thermodynamics involves the fact that processes proceed in a
certain direction
1. but not in the opposite direction
2. but tends to forcibly change its direction
3. unless influenced by certain external factors that can change that direction
4. none of the above

III. Select the number which corresponds to the best answer.

A. A generalization known as the third law of thermodynamics states that at absolute

zero temperature, the entropy of a pure substance in some “perfect” crystalline form
1. becomes zero
2. increases
3. none of the above
4. decreases

B. Matter is composed of an aggregation of molecules that are moving continuously

1. but haphazardly.
2. in rotational motion
3. in translation motion
4. in vibratory motion

C. A jet engine can be defined basically as any engine which produces power primarily by
means of the energy
1. contained in the gases that burn in its combustion chamber
2. potential contained in the intake gases.
3. contained in its exhaust gases
4. energy of gases compresses at the compressor

D. The rocket engine is a self-contained power plant which

1. depends on atmosphere air for operation
2. uses high pressure in converting thermal energy into mechanical energy.
3. does not depend on atmospheric air for operation
4. depends upon the atmosphere for combustion

IV. An elevator having a mass of 600 kg. is raised a distance of 36 m. Determine the work done,
neglecting frictional effects and the work required for acceleration. Give your answer in N - m; in
J.
 V

Air is flowing in a 6-in diameter at a uniform velocity of 30 ft. /min. the temperature and
pressure are 80ºF and the 20 lbf/in2. Determine the mass flow rate. Assume a gas constant for air =
53.34

VI

The power required by an airplane flying at 550 km/h is 1850 kw. Determine the average
resisting force in Newton’s.

VII

Air enters a nozzle with velocity of 40 m/s. The decrease in enthalpy in the nozzle is 170,000
j/kg. Determine the velocity at exit. Assume mass rate of flow, m = 1.

VIII

A turbojet engine operates in standard sea level air at a compressor pressure ratio of 4,5 and
a burner-outlet of temperature of 1250 ºF. The pressure at the outlet side of the turbine-nozzle plate
is 28 psia. Disregarding all pressure losses, solve for the nozzle-outlet velocity.

*****END*****
 Republic of the Philippines
PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Manila
_______________________________ ___ _________________________
Rating in Words Rating in Figures

Initial of Board Examiner: Rating per item:

Initial of Computer _______ I ________ V ________

Initial of Checkers _______ II ________ VI ________
III ________ VII________
IV ________ VIII_______

Total ____________________

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER LICENSURE EXAMINATION

Thursday, July 2, 1992, 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 noons

NOTE: WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ORDINARY ANSWER SHEET

AIRCRAFT POWER PLANT

I. Select the number corresponding to the best answer.

A. Each of the properties of a substance in a given state has only one definite value,
and these properties always have the same value for a given state,

1. regardless of how the substance arrived at the state.

2. provided that the substance changed state under temperature
3. provided that the substance changed state under desired pressure and temperature.
4. regardless of condition of temperature and pressure.

B. A jet engine is basically any engine which produces power.

1. Primarily from the air intake.

2. from the impact of air on the turbo fan.
3. Primarily by means of energy contained in the exhaust gases.
4. Due to the efficiency of the ignites.

C. A rocket engine is a power plant, self contained, which depends

1. on the oxidizer and fuel for operation

2. on atmospheric air for operation
3. on the ignition system installed, as necessary, for operation.
4. on air thrust for operation

D. Ram jets often referred to as Athodyd, has air

1. and fuel introduced in the combustion chamber and burned.

2. and fuel burned at the nozzle producing an exiting velocity equal to the free stream
of the engine.
3. and fuel producing thrust even without an existing relative movement between it and the air.
4. compressed through a diffuser into the combustion chamber by the relative motion of the
engine and the air.
 E. A pulse jet engine is a modification of the
1. ram jet 3. pure jet
2. rocket 4. turbo prop

II. Select the number corresponding to the best answer

A. In the piston engine, the cycle consists of intake, compression, combustion and
exhaust. Power is actually being produced about

1. 90% of the time of the cycle

2. 70% of the time of the cycle
3. 50% of the time of the cycle
4. 25% of the time of the cycle

regardless of the efficiency of the engine

B. There are 3 basic types of turbo jets, grouped according to the path of airflow through the
engine, namely:

1. centrifugal flow, axial flow turbo jet and by-pass turbo jet
2. by-pass turbo jet, turbo fan jet, and centrifugal flow jet
3. 3-stages, 5 stages, and 7-stages compression
4. turbo fan, 5-stages compression and 7-stages compression

C. An isometric process is a

1. constant - temperature process

2. constant - pressure process
3. constant temperature constant pressure process
4. constant - volume process

D. When a substance exists as part liquid and part vapor at the saturation temperature,
its quality is defined as the

1. Ratio of the total liquid to the total vapor

2. Ratio of the total vapor to the total liquid.
3. Ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass.
4. Ratio of the total mass to the mass of vapor.

E. The octane number of a fuel is the percent by volume of

1. lead in a mixture of lead and normal heptane

2. iso-octane in a mixture of is-octane and the normal heptane.
3. a specific additive in a mixture of the additive and iso-heptane.
4. normal heptane in a mixture of iso-octane and normal heptane.

Which will match the detonation intensity of the fuel when comparison is made in a
standardized test engine under specified operating conditions.

III. Select the number corresponding to the best answer

A. Brake horsepower is basically a function of

1. Displacement, rpm, and propeller efficiency
2. Brake mean effective pressure, displacement, and shaft speed
3. Propeller efficiency and rpm.
4. Piston diameter, stroke, and displacement

B. Cruising economy is heavily dependent upon proper combination of

1. rpm, bhp, and bmep

2. flying attitude of the aircraft propeller characteristics and brake horsepower.
 3. GW, rpm, bhp
4. GW, weight and balance and bhp.

C. Specific heat (also called specific heat capacity) of a substance is defined as the
amount of heat

1. that enters or leaves 3. that leaves

2. that enters 4. that stays in

a unit mass while the substance changes one degree in temperature.

D. Detonation is spontaneous burning of fuel that is

1. after the flame front and before ignition by spark.

2. before the flame front before ignition by spark.
3. beyond the flame front after ignition by spark
4. without ignition

E. The detonation properties of gasoline are measured by an octane number; the

higher the number,

1. the higher the tendency of the gasoline to detonate;

2. the engine may detonate if the combustion chamber is not of proper size
3. the engine may detonate due to roughened surfaces of the combustion
chamber.
4. the less the tendency of the gasoline to donate.

IV. A gasoline engine has stroke-bore ratio of 1.22 and a piston displacement of 70 cu. in.
Determine

A. the bore of the cylinder

B. the stroke of the piston

V. An airplane at sea level does 150 mph with an engine having 310 bhp. at 2800 mm. Determine
the propeller diameter.

VI. An aeronautical engineer was commissioned to recommend an origin for an aircraft of the
following known characteristics:

A low wing monoplane with retractable landing gear and appropriate engine cowling 3000 to
4000 lbs. gross weight, wing loading approximately 14 to 18 lbs. per sq. ft. and a top speed of 125 to
135 mph. What rated engine horsepower should the engineer design for? Assume an equivalent flat
rate of 6 sq. ft. and propeller efficiency of 80%.

VII. Air is flowing in a 6-inch diameter pipe at a uniform velocity of 30 ft/min. The temperature
and pressure are 80ºF and 20 lbf/in2, respectively. Determining the mass flow rate. Assume
gas constant for air = 53.34.
* * * * * * * * END * * * * * * * *