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Electromagnetic Waves

A. Electromagnetic waves travel through space without a medium and consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. B. The electromagnetic spectrum arranges electromagnetic waves by wavelength and frequency, from long wavelength/low frequency radio waves to short wavelength/high frequency gamma rays. C. Electromagnetic waves are used in technologies like GPS, cell phones, WiFi, microwave ovens, infrared devices, X-rays, and radiation therapy.

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Achilles Toring
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672 views2 pages

Electromagnetic Waves

A. Electromagnetic waves travel through space without a medium and consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. They travel at the speed of light in a vacuum. B. The electromagnetic spectrum arranges electromagnetic waves by wavelength and frequency, from long wavelength/low frequency radio waves to short wavelength/high frequency gamma rays. C. Electromagnetic waves are used in technologies like GPS, cell phones, WiFi, microwave ovens, infrared devices, X-rays, and radiation therapy.

Uploaded by

Achilles Toring
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electromagnetic Waves & the Electromagnetic

Spectrum

Electromagnetic Waves

- Transverse
waves
without a
medium!
(They can 1. RADIO WAVES
travel - Have the longest wavelengths and lowest
through frequencies of all the electromagnetic waves.
empty space)
- They travel as vibrations in electrical and Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
magnetic fields - measure the time it takes a radio wave to
- Have some magnetic and some electrical travel from several satellites to the receiver,
properties to them. determining the distance to each satellite

Radio

- picks up radio waves through an antenna and


converts it to sound waves
- Each radio station in an area broadcasts at a
different frequency
- # on radio dial tells frequency
When an electric field changes, so does the
magnetic field. The changing magnetic field causes MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING)
the electric field to change. When one field vibrates
- uses Short wave radio waves with a magnet to
so does the other.
create an image
RESULT-An electromagnetic wave.
2. MICROWAVES
Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST around - Have the shortest wavelengths and the highest
300,000 kilometres per second (the speed of light). frequency of the radio waves.
- used in microwave ovens
- At this speed they can go around the world 8
times in one second. Waves transfer energy to the water in the food causing
them to vibrate which in turn transfers energy in the
Waves or Particles?
form of heat to the food
Electromagnetic radiation has properties of waves but
RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)
also can be thought of as a stream of particles.
- Used to find the speed of an object by sending
Example: Light
out radio waves and measuring the time it
- Light as a wave Light behaves as a transverse takes them to return.
wave which we can filter using polarized
lenses 3. INFRARED RAYS
- Light as particles (photons: When directed at - Infrared=below red
a substance light can knock electrons off of a - Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than
substance (Photoelectric effect) microwaves.

Electromagnetic Spectrum You can feel the longest ones as warmth on your skin
Warm objects give off more heat energy than cool
- name for the range of electromagnetic waves objects.
when placed in order of increasing frequency.
Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of
different temperatures in the body. Temperatures are
calculated by the amount of infrared radiation given Brief SUMMARY
off. Therefore people give off infrared rays.
A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same
- Heat lamps give off infrared waves. speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum.

B. They all have different wavelengths and different


4. VISIBLE LIGHT
frequencies.
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than
infrared rays. – Long wavelength-lowest frequency
- Electromagnetic waves we can see.
– Short wavelength highest frequency
Longest wavelength= red light
– The higher the frequency the higher
Shortest wavelength= violet (purple) light the energy.
When light enters a new medium it bends (refracts).
Each wavelength bends a different amount allowing
white light to separate into its various colors ROYGBIV.

5. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than
visible light
- Carry more energy than visible light
- Used to kill bacteria. (Sterilization of
equipment)
- Too much can cause skin cancer
(Use sun block to protect against (UV rays)
- Causes your skin to produce vitamin D (good
for teeth and bones) SOLVING for Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

C (SPEED OF LIGHT) = 3 x 108 m/s


6. X-RAYS
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than C = V (velocity/speed)
UV-rays λ = Lambda / Wavelength
- Carry a great amount of energy
- Can penetrate most matter. f (frequency) = Hertz / Hz / (/s)
- Bones and teeth absorb x-rays. (The light part
Speed = wavelength x frequency
of an x-ray image indicates a place where the
x-ray was absorbed) Formulae:
- Too much exposure can cause cancer (lead
C = λf
vest at dentist protects organs from
unnecessary exposure 𝒄
λ=
𝒇
- Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in
structures. The rays pass through the cracks 𝒄
f=
𝛌
and the cracks appear dark on film.

7. GAMMA RAYS
Wave particle- photon
- Shorter wavelength and higher frequency than
X-rays h (Planck’s constant) = 6.63 x 10-34 joules/s
- Carry the greatest amount of energy and
E = 6.63 x 10-34 joules/s x frequency
penetrate the most.
E (Energy) = hf
- Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells.
- Can be very harmful if not used correctly.

The Incredible Hulk was the victim of gamma radiation.

Exploding nuclear weapons emit gamma rays.

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