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Biocatalysis (Tutorial)

The document provides a list of questions about biocatalysis and enzymes. It asks about the properties of enzymes, the meaning of the active site, how temperature and pH affect the active site and reaction rate, the two hypotheses for enzyme mechanisms, and how excess acid or base disrupts enzymes.

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Chuan Rui
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36 views2 pages

Biocatalysis (Tutorial)

The document provides a list of questions about biocatalysis and enzymes. It asks about the properties of enzymes, the meaning of the active site, how temperature and pH affect the active site and reaction rate, the two hypotheses for enzyme mechanisms, and how excess acid or base disrupts enzymes.

Uploaded by

Chuan Rui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biocatalysis

Exercises (Structure questions)


1) List three properties of enzymes.
2) With the aid of a diagram, explain the meaning of the active site.
3) What may happen to the active site if the temperature is too high and why?
4) What role does the active site play in enzyme reactions?
5) What is activation energy?
6) Name the two hypotheses on enzyme mechanisms.
7) What is the difference between the two mechanisms in question (6) with regard to the
active site?
8) What is the optimal pH for pepsin and salivary amylase? Why do they differ?
9) State two ways in which pH affects the rate of an enzymatic reaction.
10) Any excess of either acid or base causes denaturing of enzymes(protein). What type
of bonds are disrupted in these situations?
Answers
1) - High specific; each enzyme acts only on a specific substrate.
- Most are globular proteins and are coded for by DNA.
- Can be used over and over again.
- They are required in small amounts.
- Lowers the activation energy needed for a reaction to take place.
- Does not alter the nature or properties of the end products of the reaction.
- The catalyzed reaction is reversible; the same enzyme usually catalyzes both the
forward and reverse of a reversible reaction.
-Speed up the rate of reaction without themselves being used up or permanently altered.
- Enzymes’ activity can be affected by factors such as temperature, pH, inhibitor,
substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration.
(any 3 relevant points are accepted)

2) Cleft or depression n the surface of an enzyme molecule to which a substrate molecule


attaches in order for a reaction to take place.

3) The shape and structure of the active site change due to the breaking of bonds within
the polypeptide chain.

4) It is the attachment of the substrate molecule to the enzymes.

5) Activation energy is the minimum energy required to start a reaction.

6) Lock and key hypothesis and induced fit hypothesis.

7) In the lock and key mechanism, the shape of the active site is complementary and fits
well with the substrate whereas, in the induced-fit mechanism, the active site alters
itself to fit with the substrate.

8) pH2, pH 7.8. The pH for these two enzymes differs because both the enzymes need to
work in two different environments with different pH ranges.

9) A change in pH affects the rate of enzymatic reaction by changing the charges at the
active site and on the substrate so that they cannot fit each other anymore / changing
the shape of the enzymes because H+ ions affect the ionic bonds that maintain the shape
of the enzymes.

10) Ionic bonds

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