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UNIT- 2: SOLUTIONS LEVEL-1 QUESTIONS

2.1 What are solns?

Homogeneous mixture containing two or more than two components.

2.2 What are binary solns?

Binary solution : Solutions containing only two components.

2.3.Define mole fraction

Ratio of number of moles of a component to the total number of moles of solutions.

2.4 Define molarity

Number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of solution.

2.5 Define molality

Number of moles of the solute dissolved in 1 kg of the solvent.

m
2.6. State Henry’s law

co
The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is directly proportional to the molefraction of the

y.
gas in the solution.
P = KH x
2.7. Mention one application of Henry’s law
da
to
To increase the solubility of CO2 in soft drinks , the bottle is sealed under high pressure.
es

2.8. State Raoutlt’s Law

For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component in the solution is
di

directly proportional to its mole fraction.

tu

P1 = p01 x1
.s

2.9. What are Ideal solutions?

w

Solutions which obey Raoult’s law . solute –solvent interaction is nearly equal to solute –solute or
w

solvent – solvent interaction. Δmix H = 0 and Δmix V = 0

w

Eg: n- hexane and n-heptane

2.10. What are non-ideal solutions?

Solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law . Inter molecular force of attraction between solute –
solvent is Weaker or stronger than those between solute –solute or solvent – solvent interaction.
Δmix H ≠ 0 Δmix ↑ ≠ 0
Positive deviation: Solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law. Inter molecular force of attraction
between solute –solvent is Weaker than those between solute –solute or solvent – solvent
interaction. Molecule find it easier to escape than in pure state. This will increase the vapour
pressure and results positive deviation. Δmix H = + ive Δmix V = + ive eg. Mixtureof ethanol and
water.

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Negative deviation: Solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law. Inter molecular force of
attraction between solute –solvent is stronger than those between solute –solute or solvent –
solvent interaction due to the formation of H-bonding in between solute and solvent. This
decreases escaping tendency of molecules and its decreases the vapour pressure and results
negative deviation.

2.12. Define colligative property

Properties which depend on the number of solute particle irrespective of their nature relative to
the total number of particle present in the solution.

2.13. Define Ebullioscopicconstant

Elevation of boiling point of one molal solution.

2.14. Define Cryoscopic constant

Depression of freezing point of one molal solution.

m
2.15. Define Osmosis

co
Flow of solvent molecule through semi permeable membrane from pure solvent to the solution.

y.
This process of flow of the solvent is called osmosis.

2.16. Define Osmotic Pressure

da
Excess pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent osmosis.
to
es

2.17. What is reverse osmosis

Pure solvent flows out of the solution through the semi permeable membrane when we apply
di

pressure larger than the osmotic pressure. Application of reverse osmosis is desalination of
tu

seawater.
.s

2.18. What are isotonic solution

w

Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature.

w

2.19. Define van’t Hoff factor

w

i= Normal molar mass / abnormal molar mass

i= observed colligative property / calculated colligative property.

2.20. All formulas – Calculation of Molar mass using colligative property

p 0A  p
 B  B B
n w /M
p 0A n A w A / MA

��
� =

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LEVEL-2 QUESTIONS.

2.1. Concentrated nitric acid used in the laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in
aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the
density of solution is 1.504 g mL–1?
Sol. Percentage mass (%) and molarity (M) of the solution are related as

% mass  density  10
Molarity (M) =
Molar mass of solute (HNO 3 )

68  1.504(g mL1 )10

= = 16.23 M
68 (g mol -1 )

m
2.2. Calculate the percentage composition in terms of mass of a solution obtained by
mixing 300 g of a 25% and 400 g of a 40% solution by mass.

co
Sol. Mass of solute in 300 g of 25% solution = 75 g

y.
Mass of solute in 400 g of 40% solution = 160 g

Total mass of solute

da
= (75 + 160) g = 235 g
to
Total mass of solution = 700 g

235  100
es

% of solute in final solution = = 33.2%

700
di
tu

% of water in final solution = 100 – 33.5 = 66.5%

.s

2.3. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and 200 g
w

of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of the solution is 1.072 g
mL–1 then what shall be the molarity of the solution ?
WB  10 3 222.6  1000
w


MM B  WA 62  260
w

Sol. Molality (m) =

= 17.95 mol kg–1

Total mass of solution = 200 + 222.6 = 422.6 kg


Mass 422 .6 (g)
Vol. of solution = = 394. 222
Density 1.072 (g mol-1 )

WB  10 3 222.6 (g)  10 3 (mL)


MM B  V(ml) 62 (g mol-1)  394.22 (mL)
Molarity (M) =

= 9.107 mol L–1

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2.4. A sample of drinking water was found to be severely contaminated with chloroform,
CHCl3, supposed to be carcinogen. The level of contamination was 15 ppm (by mass)
(i) Express this in percent by mass.

(ii) Determine the molality of chloroform in the water sample.

Sol. Mass of solution (wA + wB) = 106 g

Mass of solute (wB) = 15 g

w B  100 15  100

w A  wB
% mass = = 1.5 × 10–3%
10 6

Mass of solvent (wA) = 106 – 15 = 999985 g

m
w B  10 3 15(g)  10 3 (g)

MM B  w A 119.5 (g mol-1 )  999985 g

co
Molality (m) =

y.
= 1.25 × 10–4 m

2.5.
da
What role does the molecular interaction play in solution of alcohol and water
to
The intermolecular forces both in alcohol and water are H-bonds. When alcohol (ROH) and
water (H2O) are mixed. They form solution because of formation of H-bonds between
es

alcohol and H2O molecules but these interactions are weaker and less extensive positive
deviation from Raoult’s law with both, Hmix and Vmix> 0. The solution will have higher
di

vapour pressure and lower boiling point than the individual components.
tu
.s

2.6. Why does gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is
raised?
w

Dissolution of gases is exothermic process. It is because of the fact that this process involves
w

decrease of entropy (S < 0). Thus, increase of temperature tends to push the equilibrium,
(Gas + Solvent = Solution; H = -ve) in the backward direction, thereby, suppressing the
w

dissolution.

2.7. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 × 10-2 g of
ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.00 × 10–2g of ethane, then what shall be the
partial pressure of the gas.
Sol. According to Henry’s law, m = KH p

m 6.56  10 2 ( g)
KH =  = 6.56 ×10–2 g bar–1
p 1(bar )

In the second case,

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m 5.00  10 2 (g)
6.56  10  2 (g bar -1 )
p = = 76.21 bar
KH

2.8. An aqueous solution of 2 percentnonvolatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the
boiling point of the solvent. What is the molecular mass of the solute?

p  = 1 ATM = 1.013 BAR

Sol. The vapour pressure of pure water
0
A

Vapour pressure of solution (p) = 1.004 bar

wB = 2 g ; wA + wB = 100 g; wA = 98 g

p 0A  p
 B  B B
n w /M
Now
p 0A n A w A / MA

m
2  18  1.013

co

w BM A
w A ( p / p 0A ) 98  (1.013  1.004 )
or MB =

y.
= 41.35 g mol–1
da
to
2.9. The vapour pressure of water is 12.3 kPa is 300 K. Calculate the vapour pressure of 1
molal solution of a solute in it.
 12.3 kPa
es

0
Sol. pH
2O
di

In 1 molal solution,
tu

nH2O 
1000
.s

nB = 1 ; = 55.5
18
w

 xH2O   0.982
55.5
w

55.5  1
w

p = 0.982 × 12.3 = 12.08 kPa.

2.10. Calculate the mass of a nonvolatile solute (molecular mass 40) which should be
dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%.
Sol. Vapour pressure of solution (p) = 80% of p 0A = 0.8 p 0A

Let the mass of solute be w g


w
Moles of solute =
40

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114
Mole of octane (nO) = = 1 mol
114

w / 40
( w / 40 )  1
xB =

p p  0.8p
 xB 
w / 40
p p ( w / 40 )  1
Now, or

0.2  40
or w= = 10 g
0.8

2.11. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate
the freezing point a 5% glucose in water if freezing point of pure water is 273. 15 K.
5 (g)  1000 (g kg -1 )
= 0.146 mol kg–1
342 (g mol-1 )  100 (g)
Sol. Molality of sugar solution =

Tf = 273.15 – 271 = 2.15°

m
co
Tf
Tf = Kf × m 
2.15
Now, or Kf = = 14.726

y.
m 0.146

Molality of glucose solution da

5 (g)  1000 (g kg -1 )
to
= 0.278 mol kg–1
180 (g mol-1 )  100 (g)
=
es

Tf = Kfm = 14.726 × 0.278 = 4.09°

di
tu

Freezing point of glucose solution

.s

= 273.15 – 4.09 = 269.06 K

w

2.12. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of
w

4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature. What
w

In 1st case 1 = CRT

would be its concentration?
Sol.

36  R  300
or 4.98 = …(i)
180

In 2nd case 1.52 = C × R × 300 …(ii)

Divided (ii) by (i)

1.52 C  R  300  180


4.98 36  R  300

or C = 0.061 mol L–1.

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2.13. Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble, partially soluble and
highly soluble in water:
(i) phenol (ii) toluene (iii) formic acid

(iv) ethylene glycol (v) chloroform (vi) pentanol.

Sol. Water is a polar substance and the intermolecule forces in water are H-bonds.

(a) Toluene (C6H5 – CH3) and chloroform (CHCl3) are insoluble in water as they cannot
form H-bonds with H2O molecules

(b) Phenol (C6H5OH) and pentanol (C5H11OH) are partially miscible with water because of
very weak solute solvent interactions due to the significant non-polar part (aryl or alkyl)
in their molecules.

(c) Formic acid (CH3COOH) and ethylene glycol (C2H4 (OH)2) are highly soluble because

m
of their strong tendency of formic H-bonds with water molecules.

co
2.14. Based on solute-solvent interactions arrange the following in order of increasing
solubility in n-octane and explain: Cyclohexane, KCl, CH3OH, CH3CN.

y.
n-octane is non-polar substance. Following the principle of like dissolves like, the solubility
da
increases as the polarity of the solute decreases. Thus, among the given substances the solubility in
n-octane increases as KCl < CH3OH < CH3CN < Cyclohexane.
to
2.15. Calculate the percentage of aspirin (C9H8O4) in acetonitrile (CH3CN) when 6.5 g of
es

WB  100 6.5  100

C9H8O4 is dissolved in 450 g of CH3CN.

WA  WB 6.5  450
di

Sol. Mass % = = 1.424%

tu

2.16. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) required for preparing 250 mL of
.s

WB  1000 M  (MM)B  V
0.15 M solution in methanol.
WB 
w

(MM )B  V
Sol. M= or
1000
w
w

= 0.15 (mol L–1) × 122 (g mol–1) × 250 × 10–3 (L) = 4.575 g

2.17. The depression in freezing point of water observed for the same amount of acetic acid,
trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid increases in the order given above. Explain
briefly
Colligative property is directly proportional to the concentration of solute articles which
further depends upon the degree of dissociation of electrolytes. Now, the strength of acid and
its corresponding degree of ionization increases as
H3C – COOH < Cl3C – COOH < F3C – COOH

Consequently, the concentration of solute particles and thus, the value of Tf increases in the
same order.

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2.18. Vapour pressure of water at 298 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate vapour pressure of
water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water.
Sol. p 0A = 17.535 mm Hg. Let vapour pressure of solution be ps

p0A  p s
 x B or = xB or ps = p 0A (1  x B )
ps
1-
p 0A p 0A

450 / 18
25 / 180  450 / 18
or ps = p 0A × xA = 17.535 ×

= 17.535 × 0.9945 = 17.438 mm Hg

 17.44 mm Hg.
2.19. Henry’s law constant for the molarity of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27 x 10 5 mm
Hg. Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.
Sol. KH = 4.27 x 105 mm,

m
According to Henry’s law, p = KH. x CH4

co
  1.78  10  3
p 760 (mm Hg)
x CH4 =
K H 4.27  10 5 (mm Hg)
Or

y.
da
2.20. Determine the amount of CaCl2 (i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 litre of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 270C.
i  WB  R  T   (MM )B  V(L )
to
 = iCRT = or WB 
(MM )B  V(L ) iR  T
Sol. or
es

0.75 (atm )  111 (g mol-1 )  2.5 (L )

di

2.47  0.0821 (L atm mol-1 K -1 )  300 .15 (K )

=
tu
.s

= 3.40 g
w

3.40 (g)
w

or = 0.03 mol.
111 (g mol -1 )
w

LEVEL-3 QUESTIONS

2.1 Heptane and octane form ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressure of the two liquid
components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa, respectively. What will be the vapour pressure,
in bar, of a mixture of 25.0 g of heptane and 35.0 g of octane?
25
Sol. Moles of haptane (nH) = = 0.25
100

35
Moles of octane (nO) = = 0.307
114

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
0.25 0.25
0.25  0.307 0.557
xH = = 0.449 ; x0 =1 – 0.449 = 0.551

Vapour pressure of heptane (pH) = 105.2 × 0.449 = 47.2348 kPa  47.235 kPa

Vapour pressure of octane (pO) = 46.8 × 0.551 = 25.787 kPa

Total vapour pressure Ptotal = pH + pO = 47.235 + 25.787 = 73.022 kPa

73.022  10 3
Or bar = 0.7302 bar.
10 5

2.2 2.2. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10 percent w/w. What would be the
molality and mole fraction of each component in the solution? If the density of the
solution is 1.2 g mL–1, then what shall be the molarity of the solution?
%  d  10
Sol. Molarity (M) =
Molar mass (glucose)

m
10  1.2 (g mol-1 )  10

co
= = 0.67 M
180 (g mol-1 )

y.
Consider 100 g of solution.
da
Mass of glucose = 10 g; mole of glucose (nB) = 10/180
to
90
es

Mass of water = 90 g; mol of water (nA) = = 5 mol

18
di

10 / 180
90  10  3
Molality (m) of solution = = 0.617 M
tu
.s

Mole fraction of glucose

w


10 / 180 0.055
5  10 / 180 5.05
w

(xB) = = 0.01
w

Mole fraction of water (xA) = 1 – 0.01 = 0.99

2.3 How many mL of a 0.1 M HCl are required to react completely with 1 g mixture of
Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 containing equimolar amounts of two?
Sol. Let Na2CO3 be x g


x
Mol of Na2CO3 (n1) = mol
106

NaHCO3 = (1- x) g

(1  x )
 Mol of NaHCO3 (n2) = mol
84

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Na 2CO3  2HCl  NaCl  CO2  H2O
1mole 2 mol

NaHCO 3  HCl  NaCl  CO2  H2O

1mole 1mol

x 2x
HCl required for mol of Na2CO3 = mol
106 106

(1  x ) (1  x )
HCl required for mol of NaHCO3 = mol
84 84

Since given mixture contains equimolar amount

(1 x)
 
x
or x = 0.56
106 84

 2x 1 x  2  0.56 1  0.56
Total HCl required =    

m
106 84  106 84

co
= 0.01578 mol

y.
If V is the volume of HCl required, then da
V(L) × 0.1 = 0.01578
to
or VL = 0.1578 L or 157.8 mL
es

2.4 Heptane and octane form ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressure of the two liquid
di

components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa, respectively. What will be the vapour pressure,
tu

in bar, of a mixture of 25.0 g of heptane and 35.0 g of octane?

25
.s

Sol. Moles of haptane (nH) = = 0.25

100
w

35
w

Moles of octane (nO) = = 0.307

114
w


0.25 0.25
0.25  0.307 0.557
xH = = 0.449 ; x0 =1 – 0.449 = 0.551

Vapour pressure of heptane (pH) = 105.2 × 0.449 = 47.2348 kPa  47.235 kPa

Vapour pressure of octane (pO) = 46.8 × 0.551 = 25.787 kPa

Total vapour pressure Ptotal = pH + pO

= 47.235 + 25.787 = 73.022 kPa

73.022  10 3
Or bar = 0.7302 bar.
10 5

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2.5 A solution containing 30 g of a nonvolatile solute exactly in 90 g water has a vapour
pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further 18 g of water is then added to solution, the new
vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate,
(i) Molecular mass of the solute

(ii) Vapour pressure of water at 298 K.

; Moles of H2O (nH2O )  5

30 90
Sol. Moles of solute (nB) =
M 18

xH2O   
5 5M M
5  30 / M 30  5M 6  M

M M  p
6M 6 M
Psol = p° × or = 2.8 …(i)

m
After adding 18 g (= 1 mol) of water to solution

co
 
6 M
6  30 / M 5  M
'
xH 2O

y.
M  p
psol  p 
Now,
M
5 M
da
or
5 M
= 2.9 …(ii)
to
5  M 2.8

6  M 2.9
es

Now, divide (i) by (ii),

di

or M = 23 g mol–1
tu

Substitute the value of M in (ii),

.s

2.9  (5  M) 2.9  28

w

p° = = 3.53 kPa.
M 23
w

2.6 Two elements A and B, form compounds having molecular formula AB 2 and AB4. When
w

dissolved in 20 g of C6 H6, 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K, whereas 1.0 g of
AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. The molal depression constant for benzenes is 5.1 K kg mol –1.

1000  K f  w B
Calculate atomic mass of A and B.

w A  Tf
Sol. We know, MB =

1000  5.1 1
 MAB 2 
20  2.3
= 110.87 g mol–1

1000  5.1 1
MAB 4 
20  1.3
= 196.15 g mol–1

If a and b are respectively atomic masses of A and B then,

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MAB 2 = a + 2b or a + 2b = 110.87

MAB 4 = a + 4b or a + 4b = 196.15

Solving the simultaneous equations we have

a = 25.58 u; b = 42.64 u.

2.7 If density of some lake water is 1.25 g mL–1 and it contains 92.0 g of Na+ ions per kg of
water. Calculate the molality and molarity of Na+ ions in lake.
Mol. of Na  ions
Sol. Molality =
Mass of water (kg)

92(g) / 23(g mol-1 )

= =4m
1 (kg)

Mol. of Na  ions

m
Molarity =
Vol. of water (L)

co
92(g) / 23 (g mol-1 )
1000 (g) / 1.25  10 3 (gL-1 )

y.
=
da
92(g) 1.25  10 3 (g L-1 )
23 (g mol-1 )  1000 (g)
to
= = 5M
es

2.8 If solubility product of CuS is 6 × 10-16, Calculate the maximum molarity of CuS in
di

aqueous solution.
Sol. Ksp = [Cu2+] [S2–] = 6 × 10–6
tu

Maximum molarity of CuS = Solubility of CuS

.s
w

If S mol L–1 is solubility of CuS

w

S2 = 6 × 10-18 or S = (6 × 10–16)1/2
w

S = 2.45 × 10–8 M.

2.9 Nalorphene (C19H21NO3), similar to morphine, is used to combat withdrawal symptoms

in narcotic users. Dose of nalorphene generally given is 1.5 mg. Calculate the mass of 1.5
× 10–3 m aqueous solution required for the above dose.
WB  1000 WB  1000
WA 
(MM )B  WA (MM )B  m
Sol. m= or

1.5  10 3 (g)  1000

311 (g mol-1 )  1.5  10  3
= = 3.215 g

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Mass of solution

= (WA + WB) = 3.215 (g) + 1.5 × 10–3 (g)

= 3.217 g

2.10 Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water when 10.0 g of CH3CH2CH(Cl)
COOH is added to 250 g of water. Ka = 1.4 × 10–5 Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1. The
density of the solution is 0.904 g mL–1.

Sol. Calculation of molarity of the solution

Mass of solution = 250 + 10 = 260 g

 287 .6 mL
260 (g)
Volume of the solution = Mass/density =
0.904 (g mL-1 )

WB  1000 10  1000


m
(MM )B  V 122.5  287.6
Molarity =

co
= 0.284 mol L–1

y.
Calculation of Vant Hoff’s factor (i)

Let degree of dissociation of acid be 

da
1.4  10  3
to
 = Ka / c  = 0.07
es

0.284

i 1 i 1
=  i = 1 +  = 1 + 0.07
di

m 1 2 1
or
tu

or i = 1.07
.s

Calculation of Tf
w

1.07  1.86  10  1000

Tf = i × Kf × m = = 0.649  0.65°
w

122.5  250
w

2.11 19.5 g of CH2FCOOH is dissolved in 500 g of water. The depression in the freezing point
observed is 1.0°C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and dissociation constant of the acid.
Kf for H2O = 1.86 K kg mol–1 and density of solution is 1.124 g mL–1.
Sol. Mass of solution = 500 + 19.5 = 519.5 g
519 .5 (g)
Volume of solution = = 462.18 mL
1.124 (g mL-1 )

19.5  1000
78  462.18
Molarity of solution = = 0.541 mo L–1

Tf = i × Kf × m

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1 78  500
1.86  19.5  1000
or i= = 1.0753

i  1 1.0753  1
diss. = 
m 1 2 1
= 0.0753

Also diss. = K a / c or Ka = 2diss. × c

= (0.0753)2 0.541 = 3.07 × 10–3

2.12 100 g of liquid A (molar mass 140 g mol–1) was dissolved in 1000 g of liquid B (molar
mass 180 g mol – 1). The vapour pressure of pure liquid B was found to be 500 torr.
Calculate the vapour pressure of pure liquid A and its vapour pressure in the solution if
the total vapour pressure of the solution is 475 torr.
Sol. Let vapour pressure of pure A be p 0A

100 1000
pB0 = 500 torr; nA = = 0.714 ; nB = =
140 180

m
5.55

co
0.714
5.55  0.714
xA = = 0.114

y.
xB = 1 – 0.114 = 0.886
da
to
ptotal = pA°xA + pB°xB
es

or 475(torr) = pA° × 0.114 + 500 × 0.886

di

or pA° = 280.70 torr.

tu

PA = 280.70 × 0.114 = 32 torr.

.s

2.13 Benzene and naphthalene (C10H8) from ideal solution over entire range of composition.
w

The vapour pressure of pure benzene and naphthalene at 300 K are 50.71 mm Hg and
w

32.06 mm Hg respectively. Calculate mol fraction of benzene in vapour phase if 80 g of

benzenes is mixed with 100 g of naphthalene
w

Sol. if yb is the mol fraction is benzene in vapour form

partial pressure of benzene

yb =
total vapour pressure

x bpb 

pb
pn  pb x np  x b  pb
=

 1.025 ;
80 100
nb = nn = = 0.781
78 128

1.025
1.025  0.781
xb = = 0.567 ; xn = 1 – 0.567 = 0.433

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0.567  50.71
0.567  50.71  0.433  32.06
yb =


28.75 28.75
28.75  13.88 42.63
= = 0.6744

yn = 1 – yb = 1 – 0.6744 = 0.325.

2.14 The air is a mixture of a number of gases. The major components are oxygen and
nitrogen with approximate proportion of 20% is to 79% by volume at 298 K. The water
is in equilibrium with air at a pressure of 10 atm. At 298 K, if the Henry’s law constant
for oxygen and nitrogen are 3.30 x 107 mm and 6.51 x 107 mm respectively, calculate the
composition of these gases in water.
Sol. Consider 1 mol of air and its volume at 10 atm be V

V  20 V  79
Volume of O2 = = 0.2 V; Volume of N2 = = 0.79 V
100 100

10  0.2V

m
Partial pressure of O2 (pO2 ) = = 2 atm.

co
V

10.  0.79 V

y.
Partial pressure of N2 (pN2 ) = = 7.9 atm .
V

 
da
2  760 (mm)
Solubility of O2 x O2 = p O2 / KH  = 4.606 × 10–6 .
3.30  10 7 (mm)
to

 
es

2  760 (mm)
Solubility of N2 xN2 = pN2 / KH  = 9.22 × 10–5
6.51 10 7 (mm)
di
tu

2.15 Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25 mg of K 2SO4 in 2

.s

litre of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.

Sol. Since K2SO4 is completely dissociated as
w

K2SO4 2K+ + SO42–. Thus, i = 3

w

 = i CRT = 3 × 25 × 10–3 (g) × 0.0821

w

Now,

(L - atm K -1 mol-1 )  298 .15 (K)

174 (g mol-1 )  2(L )
=

= 5.27 × 10–3 atm.

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